Enantiomer-specific effects of metamifop on serum metabolism in rats.

Metamifop (MET) is a widely used pesticides in paddy field and it has good weed control effect. As a chiral pesticide that may be hazardous to human health through food chain transmission, there could be selective differences in the metabolism and toxicity of its enantiomers, so the study of chiral MET may offer an assessment of MET toxicity and stereoselectivity at the enantiomeric level. A total of 39, 43 and 31 differential metabolites were screened from the data sets of Rac-, R-(-)- and S-(+)-MET, respectively. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that MET and its enantiomers primarily affected sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism. Rac- and S-(+)-MET affected the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored biomolecules. R-(-)- and S-(+)-MET affected glutathione metabolism. R-(-)-MET affected vitamin B6 metabolism, selenium compound metabolism, and steroid biosynthesis. Pyrimidine metabolism was only affected by Rac-MET. The experimental results indicated that MET and its enantiomers may affect the nervous and immune systems in rats. Further inter-group difference analysis also demonstrated stereoselectivity of MET and its enantiomers on rat serum metabolism. These findings may provide more detailed information on the toxicity of Rac-, S-(+)- and R-(-)-MET in rat, as well as some context for assessing the environmental risk of the three agents to organisms.

11B NMR of the Morphological Evolution of Traditional Chinese Medicine Borax.

This article applies nuclear magnetic resonance technology to the study of boron-containing traditional Chinese medicine, in order to explore the morphological evolution of boron elements in traditional Chinese medicine. Borax is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-corrosion, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticonvulsant effects. It is made by boiling, removing stones, and drying borax minerals like borate salts. This article introduces an 11B nuclear magnetic resonance method for identifying and characterizing boron-containing compounds in TCM. We applied this technology to borax aqueous solutions in different chemical environments and found that with boron mixed in the form of SP2 hybridization in equilateral triangles and SP3 hybridization in equilateral tetrahedra, the pH changes in alkaline environments significantly affected the ratio of the two. At the same time, it was found that in addition to the raw material peak, boron signals of other boron-containing compounds were also detected in 20 commercially available boron-containing TCM preparations. These new boron-containing compounds may be true pharmaceutical active ingredients, and adding them directly to the formula can improve quality and safety. This article describes the detection of 11B NMR in boron-containing traditional Chinese medicine preparations. It is simple, non-destructive, and can provide chemical fingerprint studies for boron-containing traditional Chinese medicine.

Determination of nine bioactive phenolic components usually found in apple juice by simultaneous UPLC-MS/MS.

The functional food ingredients of apple juice can significantly change during processing, transportation, and storage, thus affecting the quality of the product. A simple and derivation-free analytical method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and optimized for the simultaneous determination of functional food ingredients in apple juice bought in the market. Cleanup steps and chromatographic conditions were optimized to remove interference and decrease the matrix effect. The nine target analytes were separated on an Acquity UPLC system equipped with a BEH C18 column and detected by electrospray ionization source (ESI) operating in positive subsection acquisition mode under multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) conditions. The results showed that p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuate, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, phloridzin, hyperoside, procyanidin B2, and rutin could be sufficiently separated for content determination within 6 min. In the concentration range of 20 µg/L-50 mg/L, nine standard samples exhibited a good linear fit with correlation coefficients above .985.

Self-supported Co9S8-Ni3S2-CNTs/NF electrode with superwetting multistage micro-nano structure for efficient bifunctional overall water splitting.

Electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production using cost-effective and high-efficiency electrocatalysts in alkaline electrolytes is of great significance for solving energy crisis and environmental pollution. Herein, we reported a superhydrophilic and underwater superaerophobic multistage layered micro-nano structure ofCo9S8-Ni3S2-CNTs/NF on nickel foam (NF) prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal procedure. Particularly, the multistage layered micro-nano structure makes the electrode superhydrophilic and superaerophobic, which can facilitate the exposure of active sites, accelerate the tansfer of electrolyte and the release of gas bubbles. Consequently, the rough electrode demonstrated excellent catalytic performance in alkaline condition, which only need a low overpotential 127 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and 243 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at 10 mA cm-2 and can keep a long durability for 10 h at 10 mA cm-2. In addition, the production of hydrogen in an electrolytic water device with Co9S8-Ni3S2-CNTs/NF as bifunctional electrode prowered by the electricity derived from solar and wind energy in laboratory condition was artificially simulated. This work represents a perspective in improving the electrocatalytic performance of water splitting by structure and wettability regulation and opens a new avenue for clean energy generation.

1H-Pyrrole-2-carbohydrazide.

The title compound, C(5)H(7)N(3)O, was obtained by the reaction of ethyl 1H-pyrrol-2-carboxyl-ate and hydrazide hydrate. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via inter-molecular N-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a supra-molecular grid.

Novel Janus Cu2(OH)2CO3/CuS microspheres prepared via a Pickering emulsion route.

Janus Cu2(OH)2CO3/CuS microspheres were prepared via a Pickering emulsion route for the first time. By treating the Janus Cu2(OH)2CO3/CuS microspheres with dilute hydrochloric acid, ringent Cu2(OH)2CO3/CuS core/shell microspheres and ringent CuS shells were obtained. The hatch size of the ringent CuS shells increased with the increase of the hydrophobicity of the precursor Cu2(OH)2CO3 microspheres. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersion spectra, and particle size analysis were used to characterize the products thus formed.