Emerging Roles of Adaptive Immune Response in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Pathologically, this disease is associated with the accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and neuroinflammation. Current drug treatments primarily focus on managing symptoms rather than stopping disease progression. Disease-modifying therapies target the clearance of amyloid plaques through active and passive immunity methods. Although successful in animal models, human trials have shown adverse effects, such as meningoencephalitis, in a small number of patients who received active immunity methods. The efficacy of active immunity methods in treating AD remains uncertain, but passive immunity methods amyloid-beta (Abeta)-specific monoclonal antibody therapies such as aducanumab and lecanemab have been approved by the FDA. Despite the limitations of immune-based therapies, T-cell, and chimeric antigen receptor-based treatments show promise, but new guidelines are necessary to address potential adverse events. Research into the relationship between adaptive immune responses and AD is expected to provide innovative treatment approaches.

[Pharmacovigilance guidelines for clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine injections].

In 2019, the newly revised Drug Administration Law of the People's Republic of China was issued and implemented,clearly proposing that China should establish a pharmacovigilance system. As a new traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) dosage form created in China, TCM injections have been widely used in clinic, and its pharmacovigilance has attracted much attention. In response to this situation, the project team convened a group of clinical, pharmaceutical and evidence-based medicine experts from all over the country to form an expert group, which formulated the Pharmacovigilance guidelines for clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine injections in strict accordance with the requirements of the group standards of the Chinese Association of Chinese Medicine.From the perspective of clinical application and considering the key elements of pharmacovigilance for clinical application of TCM injections, the guidelines put forward suggestions on the decision making of pharmacovigilance for clinical application of TCM injections from four key links, namely the monitoring and reporting, signal recognition, risk assessment and risk control, according to China's pharmacovigilance regulations and learning from foreign pharmacovigilance guidelines.

Research Hotspots in Mitochondria-Related Studies for AKI Treatment: A Bibliometric Study.

Purpose: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical critical condition that has become a significant healthcare burden. In recent years, the relationship between AKI and mitochondria has attracted increasing attention. Protecting mitochondria or restoring their function has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for alleviating AKI. This study aims to analyze and summarize the current status, research trends, and hotspots in this field, providing references and directions for future research. Methods: AKI and mitochondria-related literature from the Web of Science core collection were retrieved and collected. Bibliometric and visualization analyses were conducted using Microsoft Excel 2021, bibliometric tools (VosViewer, Citespace 6.3.R1, and the bibliometrix R package), R 4.3.2, and SCImagoGraphica software. Results: A total of 2433 publications were included in this study. The number of annual publications in this field has increased year by year. China and the United States are the two most productive countries. Central South University is the most influential research institution in terms of research output, and Parikh SM, Schnellmann RG, and Dong Z are the most influential authors in this field. KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY, and AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY are the most influential journals. Initially, the research focused on keywords such as oxidative stress, ischemia-reperfusion injury, apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy. In recent years, new research hotspots have emerged, including ferroptosis, aging, mitochondrial quality control, messenger RNA, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants, extracellular vesicles, and nanodrug delivery. Conclusion: Research on the relationship between mitochondria and AKI has broad developing prospects, and targeting mitochondrial regulation will become a focus of future AKI prevention and treatment research.

The impact of widowhood on the quality of life of older adults: the mediating role of intergenerational support from children.

BACKGROUND: China's transition into an aging society is accelerated by the simultaneous decline in fertility rates and the prolonged life expectancy of older adults. The impact of widowhood, a significant stressor in old age, has emerged as a crucial factor affecting the quality of life among the elderly. METHODS: This study is based on data from the 2018 China Health and Aging Tracking Survey. Multiple linear regression models were employed to investigate the influence of widowhood on the quality of life of older adults in China. Additionally, Bootstrap mediation effects were utilized to assess the mediating role of intergenerational support, considering both financial and emotional support from children. RESULTS: The findings indicate a substantial reduction in the quality of life index among older adults following widowhood. Moreover, the impact is more pronounced among older men compared to older women. Rural older adults experience a significant decline in quality of life post-widowhood, while the effect on urban counterparts is not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Intergenerational financial support was identified as a partial mediator between widowhood and the quality of life among older adults. This underscores the importance of familial financial assistance in mitigating the adverse effects of widowhood on the well-being of the elderly. These results offer valuable insights into the nuanced impact of widowhood on the quality of life among older adults in China, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions, especially in rural areas. CLINICAL TRIAL: Not applicable.

Causal Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: There is now increasing evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is unclear whether the two are causally related. Objective: To reveal the causal association between T2DM and AD, we performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: Genetic instrumental variables were systematically screened, and inverse-variance weighting, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were applied to assess the pathogenic associations between the two diseases, and sensitivity analyses were used to further validate the robustness of the results. Results: The results of forward MR analysis with T2DM as the exposure were [OR = 0.998, 95% CI (0.975∼1.021), p = 0.857], and the results of reverse MR analysis with AD as the exposure were [OR = 0.966, 95% CI (0.934∼0.999), p = 0.043]. The results showed no significant association between T2DM and AD at the gene level (p < 0.025). Sensitivity analyses were consistent with the results of the main analysis, confirming the robustness of the study. Conclusions: T2DM and AD may not be genetically causally associated.

Activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway by "Tianyu" Pairing: Implications for Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the impact of "Tianyu" Pairing on oxidative stress in the development of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and approach its potential mechanism using cell experiments. METHODS: A cell model of RA was developed by stimulating rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). This model aimed to assess the impact of serum containing Rhodiola rosea-Euonymus alatus drug pair (TYP) on inflammation and oxidative stress in the development of RA, specifically through the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. RESULTS: The findings from the in vitro experiment demonstrated that the presence of TYP in the serum effectively suppressed the proliferation of RA-FLS induced by TNF-α. Additionally, TYP facilitated the apoptosis of afflicted cells, attenuated the migratory and invasive capabilities of diseased cells, and decreased the levels of Kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.01). The influence of inflammation and oxidative stress in RA-FLS cells was reduced by increasing the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and levels of phosphorylated Nrf2, Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: TYP can regulate inflammation and oxidative stress in RA-FLS cells by activating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Association between blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio and 3-month outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study from a large healthcare system.

OBJECTIVES: The blood urea nitrogen to creatinine (BUN/Cr) ratio is associated with early neurological deterioration in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). However, the predictive value of the BUN/Cr ratio for the AIS prognosis remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the correlation between the BUN/Cr ratio and the 3-month outcome in patients with AIS, further testing their dose-response relationship. DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with AIS who were admitted between 1 January 2013 and 31 May 2022. Poor clinical outcome was defined as 3-month Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) >2. Cox proportional HR was used to evaluate the correlation between the BUN/Cr ratio and 3-month outcome. Restricted cubic spline and robust locally weighted regression analyses were conducted to determine the dose-response relationship between the BUN/Cr ratio and the 3-month outcome. RESULTS: A total of 4952 eligible patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of BUN/Cr ratio (T1, <0.071; T2, 0.071-0.093; and T3, >0.093). After logistic regression adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics, the BUN/Cr ratio was found to be independently associated with the 3-month outcome in patients with AIS. The restricted cubic spline and locally regression smoothing scatterplot graph showed a strong dose-response relationship between the BUN/Cr ratio and the 3-month outcome in patients with AIS. CONCLUSION: A dose-response relationship was observed between the BUN/Cr ratio and the 3-month outcome in patients with AIS, suggesting that the BUN/Cr ratio could serve as a reliable predictor for the AIS prognosis.

Advances in the Understanding of the Correlation Between Neuroinflammation and Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a subtle and progressive onset and is the most common type of dementia. However, its etiology and pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated. The common pathological manifestations of AD include extraneuronal ß-amyloid deposition (Aß), intraneuronal tau protein phosphorylation leading to the formation of 'neurofibrillary tangles' (NFTs), neuroinflammation, progressive loss of brain neurons/synapses, and glucose metabolism disorders. Current treatment approaches for AD primarily focus on the 'Aß cascade hypothesis and abnormal aggregation of hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins', but have shown limited efficacy. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to identify more effective treatment targets for AD. The central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory response plays a key role in the occurrence and development of AD. Neuroinflammation is an immune response activated by glial cells in the CNS that usually occurs in response to stimuli such as nerve injury, infection and toxins or in response to autoimmunity. Neuroinflammation ranks as the third most prominent pathological feature in AD, following Aß and NFTs. In recent years, the focus on the role of neuroinflammation and microglia in AD has increased due to the advancements in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and sequencing technology. Furthermore, research has validated the pivotal role of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in the progression of AD. Therefore, this article reviews the latest research progress on the role of neuroinflammation triggered by microglia in AD in recent years, aiming to provide a new theoretical basis for further exploring the role of neuroinflammation in the process of AD occurrence and development.

Proteomics revealed an association between ribosome-associated proteins and amyloid beta deposition in Alzheimer's disease.

Most scholars believe that amyloid-beta (Aß) has the potential to induce apoptosis, stimulate an inflammatory cascade, promote oxidative stress and exacerbate the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the deposition of Aß in AD. At approximately 6 months of age, APP/PS1 double transgenic mice gradually exhibit the development of plaques, as well as spatial and learning impairment. Notably, the hippocampus is specifically affected in the course of AD. Herein, 6-month-old APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were utilized, and the differentially expressed (DE) proteins in the hippocampus were identified and analyzed using 4D label-free quantitative proteomics technology and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Compared to wild-type mice, 29 proteins were upregulated and 25 proteins were downregulated in the AD group. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of biological processes (BP) indicated that the DE proteins were mainly involved in 'ribosomal large subunit biogenesis'. Molecular function (MF) analysis results were primarily associated with '5.8S rRNA binding' and 'structural constituent of ribosome'. In terms of cellular components (CC), the DE proteins were mainly found in 'polysomal ribosome', 'cytosolic large ribosomal subunit', 'cytosolic ribosome', and 'large ribosomal subunit', among others. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that the results were mainly enriched in the 'Ribosome signaling pathway'. The key target proteins identified were ribosomal protein (Rp)l18, Rpl17, Rpl19, Rpl24, Rpl35, and Rpl6. The PRM verification results were consistent with the findings of the 4D label-free quantitative proteomics analysis. Overall, these findings suggest that Rpl18, Rpl17, Rpl19, Rpl24, Rpl35, and Rpl6 may have potential therapeutic value for the treatment of AD by targeting Aß.

Dose-Response Relationship between C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio and In-Hospital Mortality in Elderly Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.

INTRODUCTION: The C-reactive protein/albumin ratio is a reliable indicator of outcome risk in several diseases. This study aims to evaluate prognostic power of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio for in-hospital mortality and the dose-response relationship between the two in the oldest-old patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: A longitudinal observational study was conducted on patients with acute ischemic stroke (aged ≥80 years) from two tertiary hospitals between January 1, 2014, and January 31, 2020. Based on the tertiles of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, the patients were divided into three groups. Restrictive cubic spline and robust locally weighted regression analysis were performed on continuous variables to examine the dose-response relationship between the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and in-hospital mortality risk. All-cause mortality during hospitalization was the outcome for this study. RESULTS: The study included 584 patients (mean age = 84.6 ± 3.1 years; 59.6% men). The C-reactive protein/albumin ratio was divided into three groups, namely, T1 of <0.73, T2 of 0.73-2.03, and T3: >2.03. After adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, a higher C-reactive protein/albumin ratio was independently associated with in-hospital mortality. The hazard ratio for this association was 2.01 (95% confidence interval: 1.12-3.60, p = 0.019). A dose-response relationship between the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and in-hospital mortality risk was observed. Sensitivity analysis found no attenuation in the hazard ratio in uninfected individuals, whereas no difference in the hazard ratio was noted in individuals with infections. CONCLUSIONS: When predicting in-hospital mortality in the oldest-old patients with ischemic stroke, the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio might be a helpful and convenient metric.

Ferroptosis mechanism and Alzheimer's disease.

Regulated cell death is a genetically determined form of programmed cell death that commonly occurs during the development of living organisms. This process plays a crucial role in modulating homeostasis and is evolutionarily conserved across a diverse range of living organisms. Ferroptosis is a classic regulatory mode of cell death. Extensive studies of regulatory cell death in Alzheimer's disease have yielded increasing evidence that ferroptosis is closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and recent research advances in the role of ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease. Our findings are expected to serve as a theoretical and experimental foundation for clinical research and targeted therapy for Alzheimer's disease.

Band Engineering Through Pb-Doping of Nanocrystal Building Blocks to Enhance Thermoelectric Performance in Cu3SbSe4.

Developing cost-effective and high-performance thermoelectric (TE) materials to assemble efficient TE devices presents a multitude of challenges and opportunities. Cu3SbSe4 is a promising p-type TE material based on relatively earth abundant elements. However, the challenge lies in its poor electrical conductivity. Herein, an efficient and scalable solution-based approach is developed to synthesize high-quality Cu3SbSe4 nanocrystals doped with Pb at the Sb site. After ligand displacement and annealing treatments, the dried powders are consolidated into dense pellets, and their TE properties are investigated. Pb doping effectively increases the charge carrier concentration, resulting in a significant increase in electrical conductivity, while the Seebeck coefficients remain consistently high. The calculated band structure shows that Pb doping induces band convergence, thereby increasing the effective mass. Furthermore, the large ionic radius of Pb2+ results in the generation of additional point and plane defects and interphases, dramatically enhancing phonon scattering, which significantly decreases the lattice thermal conductivity at high temperatures. Overall, a maximum figure of merit (zTmax) ≈ 0.85 at 653 K is obtained in Cu3Sb0.97Pb0.03Se4. This represents a 1.6-fold increase compared to the undoped sample and exceeds most doped Cu3SbSe4-based materials produced by solid-state, demonstrating advantages of versatility and cost-effectiveness using a solution-based technology.

The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine Natural Products in ß-Amyloid Deposition and Tau Protein Hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent form of dementia among elderly individuals and is characterized by irreversible neurodegeneration. Despite extensive research, the exact causes of this complex disease remain unclear. Currently available drugs for Alzheimer's disease treatment are limited in their effectiveness, often targeting a single aspect of the disease and causing significant adverse effects. Moreover, these medications are expensive, placing a heavy burden on patients' families and society as a whole. Natural compounds and extracts offer several advantages, including the ability to target multiple pathways and exhibit high efficiency with minimal toxicity. These attributes make them promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this paper, we provide a summary of the common natural products used in Chinese medicine for different pathogeneses of AD. Our aim is to offer new insights and ideas for the further development of natural products in Chinese medicine and the treatment of AD.

Unleashing the power of complement activation: unraveling renal damage in human anti-glomerular basement membrane disease.

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease is a rare but life-threatening autoimmune disorder characterized by rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with or without pulmonary hemorrhage. Renal biopsies of anti-GBM patients predominantly show linear deposition of IgG and complement component 3 (C3), indicating a close association between antigen-antibody reactions and subsequent complement activation in the pathogenesis of the disease. All three major pathways of complement activation, including the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways, are involved in human anti-GBM disease. Several complement factors, such as C3, C5b-9, and factor B, show a positive correlation with the severity of the renal injury and act as risk factors for renal outcomes. Furthermore, compared to patients with single positivity for anti-GBM antibodies, individuals who are double-seropositive for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) and anti-GBM antibodies exhibit a unique clinical phenotype that lies between ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and anti-GBM disease. Complement activation may serve as a potential "bridge" for triggering both AAV and anti-GBM conditions. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the latest clinical evidence regarding the role of complement activation in anti-GBM disease. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies targeting complement components and associated precautions are discussed, to establish a theoretical basis for complement-targeted therapies.

Soil acidification and salinity: the importance of biochar application to agricultural soils.

Soil acidity is a serious problem in agricultural lands as it directly affects the soil, crop production, and human health. Soil acidification in agricultural lands occurs due to the release of protons (H+) from the transforming reactions of various carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur-containing compounds. The use of biochar (BC) has emerged as an excellent tool to manage soil acidity owing to its alkaline nature and its appreciable ability to improve the soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties. The application of BC to acidic soils improves soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), nutrient uptake, microbial activity and diversity, and enzyme activities which mitigate the adverse impacts of acidity on plants. Further, BC application also reduce the concentration of H+ and Al3+ ions and other toxic metals which mitigate the soil acidity and supports plant growth. Similarly, soil salinity (SS) is also a serious concern across the globe and it has a direct impact on global production and food security. Due to its appreciable liming potential BC is also an important amendment to mitigate the adverse impacts of SS. The addition of BC to saline soils improves nutrient homeostasis, nutrient uptake, SOM, CEC, soil microbial activity, enzymatic activity, and water uptake and reduces the accumulation of toxic ions sodium (Na+ and chloride (Cl-). All these BC-mediated changes support plant growth by improving antioxidant activity, photosynthesis efficiency, stomata working, and decrease oxidative damage in plants. Thus, in the present review, we discussed the various mechanisms through which BC improves the soil properties and microbial and enzymatic activities to counter acidity and salinity problems. The present review will increase the existing knowledge about the role of BC to mitigate soil acidity and salinity problems. This will also provide new suggestions to readers on how this knowledge can be used to ameliorate acidic and saline soils.

Causality between sarcopenia-related traits and major depressive disorder: A bi-directional, two-sample Mendelian randomized study.

Observational studies have demonstrated an association between sarcopenia and depression. However, these studies may be influenced by confounding factors, and the causal relationship between sarcopenia and major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unclear. This study aimed to apply the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to address confounding factors and assess the causal effect of sarcopenia on MDD. A two-way, two-sample MR method was employed in this study. Instrumental variables of genome-wide significance level were obtained from the open large-scale genome-wide association study summary data. MR analysis was conducted using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median methods. The reliability of the results was verified using the heterogeneity test, pleiotropy test, and leave-one-out method for sensitivity analysis. Grip strength (right-hand grip strength: odds ratio [OR] = 0.880, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.786-0.987, P = .027; left-hand grip strength: OR = 0.814, 95% CI 0.725-0.913, P < .001) and usual walking pace (OR = 0.673, 95% CI 0.506-0.896, P = .007) exhibited a direct causal effect on MDD. MDD had a significant causal effect on appendicular lean mass (ß = -0.065, 95% CI -0.110, -0.019, P = .005). There was a causal relationship between sarcopenia-related traits and MDD. Loss of muscle strength, rather than skeletal muscle mass, is correlated with an increased risk of MDD. Furthermore, individuals with MDD are more likely to experience loss of skeletal muscle mass.

Ferroptosis, Pyroptosis, and Cuproptosis in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction. Epidemiological investigation has demonstrated that, after cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, and other causes, AD has become a major health issue affecting elderly individuals, with its mortality rate acutely increasing each year. Regulatory cell death is the active and orderly death of genetically determined cells, which is ubiquitous in the development of living organisms and is crucial to the regulation of life homeostasis. With extensive research on regulatory cell death in AD, increasing evidence has revealed that ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and cuproptosis are closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of AD. This paper will review the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and cuproptosis and their regulatory roles in AD to explore potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD.

Exploring the therapeutic mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Decoction in mild cognitive impairment and diabetes mellitus: a network pharmacology approach.

The incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing year by year. Clinical findings show that Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD) can be combined to treat MCI and DM. However, the principle and mechanism of BXD in treating MCI and DM remain unclear. In this study, to explore the common mechanism of BXD in treating MCI and DM by using the method of network pharmacology. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) was used to screen the main active components of BXD, as well as to predict and screen its potential targets. Using Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), DisGeNET, GeneCards to select the target proteins of two diseases, and intersecting the drug target and the disease target to obtain the common target of drug diseases, which is imported into cytoscape software to draw the network diagram of "drug components-target diseases" and the interaction network diagram between the common target proteins. According to the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database, we analyzed the common targets using two methods, gene ontology Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathway enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis, as well as studied the interaction mechanism of the two diseases, with the results validated using molecular docking. A total of 267 main active components of BXD were screened, together with the two diseases shared 233 common targets. The top five key targets identified by the topological analysis were TP53, AKT1, STAT3, TNF, and MAPK3. Go enrichment results indicated that it was primarily related to response to drug, extracellular space, enzyme binding, RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding. t KEGG enrichment pathway analysis identified 20 significant pathways, the majority of which are AGE-RAGE signaling pathways in diabetic complications, lipid and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and so on. The results of molecular docking revealed that the key components of BXD, baicalein, licochalcone a, quercetin, and naringenin, had strong binding ability with core targets TP53, AKT1, STAT3, TNF, MAPK3. BXD can treat MCI and DM by multi-targets and multi-channels,and plays a role of "homotherapy for heteropathy" mainly through response to drug, positive regulation of gene expression, extracellular space and enzyme binding and other ways.

Unintended consequences of curtailment cap policies on power system decarbonization.

As countries pursue power system decarbonization, a well-intentioned strategy being pursued in jurisdictions like China is the strict integration target, often in the form of a curtailment cap. The effects of these curtailment caps have not been systematically studied. Here, we evaluate the effects of these caps on the decarbonization of one provincial power system using a capacity expansion model. Results reveal that curtailment caps yield deleterious effects that do not align with the stated goals of these policies. Capping curtailment significantly increases storage capacity (+43% with a 5% curtailment cap) and reduces renewable capacity (-17%). Even with the increase in flexible storage capacity, the policy still jeopardizes power system reliability by increasing occurrences of over or under generation. It also suppresses power generation from hydropower and reduces energy storage utilization while increasing fossil fuel utilization. Capping curtailment increases economic costs (+6% with a 5% curtailment cap) and CO2 emissions (+7%).

Bibliometric analysis of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for mild cognitive impairment.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the current research status of acupuncture in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using bibliometric methods, explore current research hotspots, and predict future research trends. Methods: Literature on acupuncture for MCI in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) databases were searched from their inception to December 31, 2022. Articles were then filtered using inclusion and exclusion criteria and imported into VOSviewer 1.6.11 and CiteSpace 6.1.6msi software for descriptive analysis of publication numbers, network analysis of author/institution collaborations, and cluster analysis of keywords, as well as analysis of keyword emergence and linear relationships with time. Results: The Chinese and English databases included 243 and 565 relevant articles, respectively. The overall volume of Chinese and English literature was stable, with the annual volume generally increasing. In terms of countries, institutions, and authors, China had the highest number of English-language publications; however, the number of joint publications among institutions/authors was low. Research institutions were independent and dispersed, with no collaborative teams formed around a single institution/author. The hotspots in Chinese literature were "needling, treatment, electric acupuncture, nimodipine, cognitive training" and other clinical research directions. The hotspots in English literature were "acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, cognitive impairment, memory, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment, stroke, hippocampus, injury," and other mechanisms of action. Conclusion: The popularity of acupuncture for MCI is increasing year by year. Acupuncture for MCI, along with cognitive training, can help improve cognitive function. "Inflammation" is the frontier of acupuncture for MCI research. In the future, strengthening effective communication and cooperation among institutions, especially international cooperation, is essential for conducting high-quality research on acupuncture for MCI. This will help obtain high-level evidence and improve the output and translation of research results.