Corrigendum: Tonoplast proton pumps regulate nuclear spacing of female gametophytes via mediating polar auxin transport in arabidopsis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006735.].

Tonoplast proton pumps regulate nuclear spacing of female gametophytes via mediating polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis.

The vacuole is an important organelle with multiple functions in plants, and the tonoplast that wraps the vacuole also plays essential roles in intracellular trafficking and ion homeostasis. Previous studies found that tonoplast proton pumps regulate embryo development and morphogenesis through their effects on vacuole biogenesis and distribution, as well as polar auxin transport and concomitant auxin gradient. However, the precise roles of the tonoplast proton pumps in gametophyte development remain unclear. Here we demonstrated that the lack of two types of tonoplast proton pumps or the absence of V-ATPase alone leads to abnormal development and nuclear localization of female gametophyte (FG), and slowed endosperm nuclei division after fertilization of the central cell. We further revealed that V-ATPase regulates auxin levels in ovules through coordinating the content and localization of PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1) protein, hence influencing nuclear spacing between centra cell and egg cell, and subsequent endosperm development. Collectively, our findings revealed a crucial role of V-ATPase in auxin-mediated FG development in Arabidopsis and expanded our understanding of the functions of tonoplast proton pumps in seed plants reproductive development.

PIN3 positively regulates the late initiation of ovule primordia in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Ovule initiation determines the maximum ovule number and has great impact on seed number and yield. However, the regulation of ovule initiation remains largely elusive. We previously reported that most of the ovule primordia initiate asynchronously at floral stage 9 and PINFORMED1 (PIN1) polarization and auxin distribution contributed to this process. Here, we further demonstrate that a small amount of ovule primordia initiate at floral stage 10 when the existing ovules initiated at floral stage 9 start to differentiate. Genetic analysis revealed that the absence of PIN3 function leads to the reduction in pistil size and the lack of late-initiated ovules, suggesting PIN3 promotes the late ovule initiation process and pistil growth. Physiological analysis illustrated that, unlike picloram, exogenous application of NAA can't restore these defective phenotypes, implying that PIN3-mediated polar auxin transport is required for the late ovule initiation and pistil length. qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression of SEEDSTICK (STK) is up-regulated under auxin analogues treatment while is down-regulated in pin3 mutants. Meanwhile, overexpressing STK rescues pin3 phenotypes, suggesting STK participates in PIN3-mediated late ovule initiation possibly by promoting pistil growth. Furthermore, brassinosteroid influences the late ovule initiation through positively regulating PIN3 expression. Collectively, this study demonstrates that PIN3 promotes the late ovule initiation and contributes to the extra ovule number. Our results give important clues for increasing seed number and yield of cruciferous and leguminous crops.

[Association of YKL-40 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with airway damage in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of YKL-40 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) with airway damage in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). METHODS: A total of 60 children with MPP who were admitted to the hospital were enrolled as the MPP group, and 12 children with bronchial foreign bodies were enrolled as the control group. According to the imaging findings, the MPP group was further divided into 3 subgroups: pulmonary patchy shadow (n=34), pulmonary consolidation (n=19) and pulmonary ground-glass opacity (n=7). According to the bronchoscopic findings, the MPP group was further divided into 3 subgroups: mucosal congestion/edema (n=38), mucous secretion (n=18) and plastic bronchitis (n=4). The clinical manifestations and laboratory characteristics of the children with MPP were analyzed, the expression of YKL-40 in BALF was measured. RESULTS: The MPP group had significantly higher levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase and BALF YKL-40 than the control group (P<0.05). The pulmonary consolidation subgroup had significantly higher levels of serum C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase than the pulmonary patchy shadow subgroup (P<0.05), and the pulmonary consolidation and pulmonary ground-glass opacity subgroups had a significantly higher level of BALF YKL-40 than the pulmonary patchy shadow subgroup (P<0.05). The plastic bronchitis subgroup had a significantly higher level of BALF YKL-40 than the mucous secretion and mucosal congestion/edema subgroups (P<0.05). The mucous secretion and plastic bronchitis subgroups had a significantly higher proportion of children with shortness of breath than the mucosal congestion/edema subgroup (P<0.05). The plastic bronchitis subgroup had significantly higher serum levels of C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase than the mucosal congestion/edema subgroup (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The level of BALF YKL-40 is associated with airway damage and disease severity in children with MPP.

FRS: A simple knowledge graph embedding model for entity prediction.

Entity prediction is the task of predicting a missing entity that has a specific relation-ship with another given entity. Researchers usually use knowledge graphs embedding(KGE) methods to embed triples into continuous vectors for computation and perform the tasks of entity prediction. However, KGE models tend to use simple operations to refactor entities and relationships, resulting in insufficient interaction of components of knowledge graphs (KGs), thus limiting the performance of the entity prediction model. In this paper, we propose a new entity prediction model called FRS(Feature Refactoring Scoring) to alleviate the problem of insufficient interaction and solve information incom-pleteness problems in the KGs. Different from the traditional KGE methods of directly using simple operations, the FRS model innovatively provides the procedure of feature processing in the entity prediction tasks, realizing the alignment of entities and relationships in the same feature space and improving the performance of entity prediction model. Although FRS is a simple three-layer network, we find that our own model outperforms state-of-the-art KGC methods in FB15K and WN18. Through extensive experiments on FRS, we discover several insights. For example, the effect of embedding size and negative candidate sampling probability on experimental results is in reverse.

Analysis of phacovitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling to treat foveoschisis without macular hole in ultra-high myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To analyze the results of phacovitrectomy with internal limiting membrane(ILM) peeling to treat foveoschisis in ultra-high myopia.METHODS: Totally 32 eyes of 32 ultra-high myopia patients with foveoschisis were selected retrospectively.The preoperative refractive errors ranged from-12.00D to-20.00D with the mean of-15.78±2.16D.The best corrected visiual acuity(BCVA) were converted to LogMAR acuity, and the average BCVA was 4.1±0.4.Conventional phacovitrectomy with ILM peeling by ICG dying were performed.Gas tamponade were performed to end the operation.The BCVA and the foveoschisis cavity were observed by 1-9mo after the surgery, with the mean of 4.5mo.RESULTS: The foveoschisis cavity of 30 eyes were healed with BCVA increased and visual distortion alleviated distinctly (94%)(t=-7.91, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Phacovitrectomy with ILM peeling is useful in treating foveoschisis in ultra-high myopia with visual function preserving.

Immunomodulatory activity of macromolecular polysaccharide isolated from Grifola frondosa / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to evaluate the immune-modulating effects of the polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa (GFP) by using mouse peritoneal macrophage and cytoxan (CTX) induced immunosuppression models. Our results from the phagocytotic and mononuclear phagocytic system function assays showed that GFP-A (one component from GFP) stimulated the phagocytosis of the phagocytes. The splenocyte proliferation assay showed that GFP-A acted the effect combing ConA or LPS in splenocyte proliferation. The results showed that GFP-A increased indices of thymus and spleen, the levels of LDH and ACP in the spleen, the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ in splenocyte. And GFP-A also significantly increased the expression of CD4(+) and CD8(+) splenic T lymphocytes, which were suppressed by the CTX in peripheral blood. In conclusion, our results indicate that the GFP-A is involved in immunomodulatory effects leading to its modulatory effects on immunosuppression.

[Survey of health status and healthcare service demand of perimenopausal women in Guangdong].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the health status and healthcare service demand of perimenopausal women in Guangdong Province so as to explore the mode and methods for implementing climacteric and senectitude healthcare. METHOD: Using the method of stratified and cluster sampling and according to the geographical features of Guangdong Province, we selected 4 500 perimenopausal women aged 40-65 years from 5 relatively small cities (representatives of the urban areas) and 4 counties (representatives of the rural areas) for this survey. RESULTS: The average age of natural menopause was 48.6 years in this cohort of women, and was 48.9 years in women from the urban areas and 48.3 years in those from the rural areas. The total incidence of diseases was similar in the urban and rural areas (38.5% vs 39.5%), accounting for an incidence of 39% in the total subjects. The 6 most prevalent diseases were bone and joint disease (12.5%), hypertension (9.2%), myoma of the uterus (6.8%), gastric or duodenal ulcer (5.2%), cardiac disease (2.7%) and diabetes mellitus (2.2%). In bone and joint disease, knee joint disease and lumbar vertebrae disease were the commonest (34.3% vs 32.8%), and the incidence of bone fracture was 2.5%. Perimenopausal syndrome had a prevalence rate of 68.1%, and the most distressful symptoms were sleeplessness, muscular, bone and joint pain, fidgety, dizziness, of which 86.8% were mental symptoms and 86.0% body symptoms. Women(71.2%) with perimenopausal symptoms received no medical treatment, and only 20.5% had ever sought medical care in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, often taking traditional Chinese medicines (53.9%). Only 1.4% of the symptomatic women received hormone therapy, the rate varied from 1.0% in the rural areas to 1.8% in the urban areas. CONCLUSION: Perimenopausal syndrome and its related diseases severely affect the physical and mental health of perimenopausal women, who demand extensive healthcare services.