Sensing of Liver-Derived Nicotinamide by Intestinal Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Links Liver Cirrhosis and Ulcerative Colitis Susceptibility.

The correlation between liver disease and the progression of ulcerative colitis (UC) has remained elusive. In this study, it demonstrates that liver injury is intricately linked to the heightened severity of UC in patients, and causes more profound intestinal damage during DSS-induced colitis in mice. Metabolomics analysis of plasma from liver cirrhosis patients shows liver injury compromising nicotinamide supply for NAD+ biosynthesis in the intestine. Subsequent investigation identifies intestinal group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are responsible for liver injury-exacerbated colitis. Reconstitution of ILC2s or the restoration of NAD+ metabolism proves effective in relieving liver injury-aggravated experimental colitis. Mechanistically, the NAD+ salvage pathway regulates gut ILC2s in a cell-intrinsic manner by supporting the generation of succinate, which fuels the electron transport chain to sustaining ILC2s function. This research deepens the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms in liver disease-UC interplay, identifying a metabolic target for innovative treatments in liver injury-complicated colitis.

Bioactivity evaluation and active compounds identification of Symphoricarpos orbiculatus as potential botanical herbicide.

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of herbicidal activity and identification of active compounds are important bases for the development of new botanical herbicides. RESULTS: This study confirmed that Symphoricarpos orbiculatus has high herbicidal activities against mono-dicotyledonous weeds, including Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus retroflexus and Portulaca oleracea. By bioassay-guided isolation, 12 compounds were isolated and identified from S. orbiculatus for the first time, including iridoids: naucledal (K1), loganin (K2), loganigenin (K3), loganin acid (K4), glucologanin (K5) and vogeloside (K6), as well as flavonoids: quercetine (K7), luteolin (K8), nobiletin (K9), astragalin (K10), isorhamnetin 3-d-glucoside (K11) and rutin (K12). Biological assays showed that iridoids are the main active ingredients of S. orbiculatus. The compounds of K5 and K6 could inhibit both the root (IC50 = 37.54 and 38.91 µg mL-1, respectively) and shoot (IC50 = 42.78 and 45.72 µg mL-1, respectively) of Portulaca oleracea, which have a weeding toxicity similar to that of the commercialized plant-based herbicide pelargonic acid. In addition, the results of pot culture assay showed that S. orbiculatus ethanol extracts had high fresh weight control effect against Digitaria sanguinalis and P. oleracea at the concentration of 40 g L-1. After 7 days, both the soil treatment and the stem and leaf spray method resulted in severe leaf necrosis and significant leaf etiolation. CONCLUSION: Symphoricarpos orbiculatus and its herbicidal active compounds have the potential to develop into botanical herbicides, and are first reported in the present study. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Gut microbiota Parabacteroides distasonis enchances the efficacy of immunotherapy for bladder cancer by activating anti-tumor immune responses.

OBJECTIVE: Bladder cancer(BCa) was a disease that seriously affects patients' quality of life and prognosis. To address this issue, many researches suggested that the gut microbiota modulated tumor response to treatment; however, this had not been well-characterized in bladder cancer. In this study, our objective was to determine whether the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota or the density of specific bacterial genera influence the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. METHODS: We collected fecal samples from a total of 50 bladder cancer patients and 22 matched non-cancer individuals for 16S rDNA sequencing to investigate the distribution of Parabacteroides in these two groups. Further we conducted follow-up with cancer patients to access the impact of different genera of microorganisms on patients survival. We conducted a Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) and mono-colonization experiment with Parabacteroides distasonis to explore its potential enhancement of the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in MB49 tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemistry, transcriptomics and molecular experiment analyses were employed to uncover the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS: The 16S rDNA showed that abundance of the genus Parabacteroides was elevated in the non-cancer control group compared to bladder cancer group. The results of tumor growth curves showed that a combination therapy of P. distasonis and ICIs treatment significantly delayed tumor growth and increased the intratumoral densities of both CD4+T and CD8+T cells. The results of transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the pathways associated with antitumoral immune response were remarkably upregulated in the P. distasonis gavage group. CONCLUSION: P. distasonis delivery combined with α-PD-1 mAb could be a new strategy to enhance the effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. This effect might be achieved by activating immune and antitumor related pathways.

Pt Loading of Phosphorus-Doped Carbon Nanotube Aerogels in Fuel Cell-Type Gas Sensors for Ultrasensitive H2 Detection.

A phosphorus-doped carbon nanotube (CNT) aerogel as the support material was loaded with Pt nanoparticles in fuel cell-type gas sensors for ultrasensitive H2 detection. The high surface area of the CNT scaffold is favorable to providing abundant active sites, and the high electrical conductivity facilitates the transport of carriers generated by electrochemical reactions. In addition, the CNT aerogel was doped with phosphorus (P) to further enhance the conductivity and electrochemical catalytic activity. As a result, the fuel cell-type gas sensor using the Pt/CNT aerogel doped with the optimal P content as the sensing material shows considerable performance for H2 detection at room temperature. The sensor exhibits an ultrahigh response of -921.9 µA to 15,000 ppm of H2. The sensitivity is -0.063 µA/ppm, which is 21 times higher than that of the conventional Pt/CF counterpart. The sensor also exhibits excellent repeatability and humidity resistance, as well as fast response/recovery; the response/recovery times are 31 and 4 s to 3000 ppm of H2, respectively. The modulation of the structure and catalytic properties of the support material is responsible for the improvement of the sensor performance, thus providing a feasible solution for optimizing the performance of fuel cell-type gas sensors.

A handheld fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay platform for highly sensitive point-of-care detection of methamphetamine and tramadol.

The escalating issue of drug abuse poses a significant threat to public health and societal stability worldwide. An on-site drug detection platform is vital for combating drug abuse and trafficking, as it eliminates the need for additional tools, extensive processes, or specialized training. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a fast, sensitive, non-invasive, and reliable multiplex drug testing platform. In this study, we have presented a silica core@dual quantum dot-shell nanocomposite (SI/DQD)-based fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) platform for the highly sensitive and simultaneous point-of-care (POC) detection of methamphetamine (MET) and tramadol (TR). A 3D-printed attachment was designed to integrate optical and electrical components, facilitating the miniaturization of the instrument and reducing both cost and complexity. The device's advanced hardware and effective fluorescence extraction algorithm with waveform reconstruction enable swift, automatic noise reduction and data analysis. SI/DQD nanocomposites were utilized as fluorescent nanotags in the LFIA strips due to their outstanding luminous efficiency and robustness. This LFIA platform achieves impressive detection limits (LODs) of 0.11 ng mL-1 for MET and 0.017 ng mL-1 for TR. The method has also successfully detected MET and TR in complex biological samples, demonstrating its practical application capabilities. The proposed fluorescent LFIA platform, based on SI/DQD technology, holds significant promise for the swift and accurate POC detection of these substances. Its affordability, compact size, and excellent analytical performance make it suitable for on-site drug testing, including at borders and roadside checks, and open up new possibilities for the design and implementation of drug testing methods.

Characteristics of optic disc hemorrhage and optic nerve changes following acute primary angle closure.

Introduction: Acute primary angle closure (APAC) is an emergency ophthalmic presentation and a major cause of irreversible blindness in China. However, only a few studies have focused on the characteristics of optic disc hemorrhage (ODH) during an APAC attack, including its shape, depth, location, scope, and duration after intraocular pressure (IOP) control, along with changes in the optic nerve. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of ODH and optic nerve changes in patients during their first APAC episode. Methods: This retrospective study involved 32 eyes from 32 patients with APAC who received sequential treatment and analyzed the following parameters: the highest IOP and its duration, ODH, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), and mean deviation (MD). We compared parameters obtained from the affected eye (ODH group) and contralateral unaffected eye (control group), as well as intragroup comparisons. Results: The mean IOP in the ODH group was 64.28 ± 10.36 mmHg, with a duration of 4.44 ± 2.35 days. Flame and splinter shapes accounted for 84.38% of the ODH. The mean ODH duration was 4.81 ± 3.25 weeks. ODH during APAC was isolated to one sector in 59.38% of cases, mostly occurring in the temporal superior and temporal inferior (each accounting for 21.88% of the cases). There was a positive correlation between the extent of hemorrhage and the highest IOP duration (p < 0.001). RNFLT was significantly thickened within 72 h post-IOP control but was thinned by 2 weeks. By 6 months, the thinning stabilized, and there was no difference noted between the ODH and control groups at 12 months. MD partly improved at 6 months post-IOP control, and ODH scope significantly affected the MD (p < 0.001). The duration of high IOP was positively correlated to the ODH scope and MD damage. Discussion: Timely and effective IOP management is essential for recovering visual function following an APAC attack.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for diagnosing severe leptospirosis in a patient suspected COVID-19: A case report.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic and neglected waterborne disease caused by the pathogenic helical spirochetes. Early diagnosis of leptospirosis remains challenging due to non-specific symptoms and the limited availability of rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests. Herein, we present a case where a patient suspected of having COVID-19 was diagnosed with leptospirosis using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). This case highlights the potential of mNGS to diagnose leptospirosis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

High-level production of chitinase by multi-strategy combination optimization in Bacillus licheniformis.

In view of the extensive potential applications of chitinase (ChiA) in various fields such as agriculture, environmental protection, medicine, and biotechnology, the development of a high-yielding strain capable of producing chitinase with enhanced activity holds significant importance. The objective of this study was to utilize the extracellular chitinase from Bacillus thuringiensis as the target, and Bacillus licheniformis as the expression host to achieve heterologous expression of ChiA with enhanced activity. Initially, through structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulation, we identified key amino acids to improve the enzymatic performance of chitinase, and the specific activity of chitinase mutant D116N/E118N was 48% higher than that of the natural enzyme, with concomitant enhancements in thermostability and pH stability. Subsequently, the expression elements of ChiA(D116N/E118N) were screened and modified in Bacillus licheniformis, resulting in extracellular ChiA activity reached 89.31 U/mL. Further efforts involved the successful knockout of extracellular protease genes aprE, bprA and epr, along with the gene clusters involved in the synthesis of by-products such as bacitracin and lichenin from Bacillus licheniformis. This led to the development of a recombinant strain, DW2△abelA, which exhibited a remarkable improvement in chitinase activity, reaching 145.56 U/mL. To further improve chitinase activity, a chitinase expression frame was integrated into the genome of DW2△abelA, resulting in a significant increas to 180.26 U/mL. Optimization of fermentation conditions and medium components further boosted shake flask enzyme activity shake flask enzyme activity, achieving 200.28 U/mL, while scale-up fermentation experiments yielded an impressive enzyme activity of 338.79 U/mL. Through host genetic modification, expression optimization and fermentation optimization, a high-yielding ChiA strain was successfully constructed, which will provide a solid foundation for the extracellular production of ChiA.

When Parents Are at Fault: Development and Validation of the Parental Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale.

Research has linked individuals' dispositional guilt and shame to their interpersonal processes. Although caregivers' guilt and shame proneness in the parenting context likely have important implications for their mental health and parenting, there is a lack of validated measures for such dispositions. In three studies with Chinese parents, we developed and validated the Parental Guilt and Shame Proneness scale (PGASP), which was based on the Guilt and Shame Proneness scale (GASP). The PGASP comprises two guilt subscales-negative behavior-evaluations (guilt-NBE) and repair action tendencies (guilt-repair)-and two shame subscales-negative self-evaluations (shame-NSE) and withdrawal action tendencies (shame-withdraw). Study 1 (N = 604) provided support for the four-factor structure of the PGASP, which was replicated in Study 2 (N = 451). The concurrent validity of the PGASP was examined in Study 2 and Study 3 (N = 455). The two guilt subscales were associated with better mental health and more positive parenting, whereas parents' shame-withdraw exhibited the opposite pattern; weak or no relations were found for shame-NSE. Findings highlight the need to differentiate between parents' shame-NSE and shame-withdraw. PGASP may be a useful tool for identifying parents at risk of engaging in negative parenting.

A machine vision method for the evaluation of ship-to-ship collision risk.

The development of ship technology and information technology has been driving the continuous improvement of ship intelligence, with safety being an inevitable requirement in the shipping industry. A machine vision-based ship collision warning method is proposed for high monitoring system cost and limited information acquisition in safety design of autonomous ship navigation. The method combines machine learning with image algorithms. Firstly, the backbone of YOLOv7 detector is replaced by EfficientFormerV2 network to achieve model lightweight while ensuring detection accuracy. Public datasets SeaShips, Flow and self-made ship pictures are combined, and the network is trained on this dataset. StrongSORT is used for target tracking. Secondly, a data fusion algorithm is introduced to determine the target point at the bow-bottom of the ship based on the time-varying attitude of the camera and the time-series features of the bounding boxes. Ship navigation trajectory estimation is performed using image algorithms. Finally, a collision evaluation model is established to calculate the collision risk index. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved YOLOv7 network maintains similar mAP.5 and Recall compared to the original model, while reducing the parameters by 31.2 % and GFLOPs by 58.4 %. The accuracy of target ship trajectory estimation is high, with MAE values below 1.5 % and RMSE values below 2 % in experiments. In ship collision warning experiments, the proposed method accurately identifies navigating vessels, estimates the trajectories, and provides timely warnings for imminent collision accidents. Compared to traditional ship collision warning methods, this paper offers a more intelligent and lightweight solution.

A benchmark GaoFen-7 dataset for building extraction from satellite images.

Accurate building extraction is crucial for urban understanding, but it often requires a substantial number of building samples. While some building datasets are available for model training, there remains a lack of high-quality building datasets covering urban and rural areas in China. To fill this gap, this study creates a high-resolution GaoFen-7 (GF-7) Building dataset utilizing the Chinese GF-7 imagery from six Chinese cities. The dataset comprises 5,175 pairs of 512 × 512 image tiles, covering 573.17 km2. It contains 170,015 buildings, with 84.8% of the buildings in urban areas and 15.2% in rural areas. The usability of the GF-7 Building dataset has been proved with seven convolutional neural networks, all achieving an overall accuracy (OA) exceeding 93%. Experiments have shown that the GF-7 building dataset can be used for building extraction in urban and rural scenarios. The proposed dataset boasts high quality and high diversity. It supplements existing building datasets and will contribute to promoting new algorithms for building extraction, as well as facilitating intelligent building interpretation in China.

Effects of storm runoff on the spatial-temporal variation and stratified water quality in Biliuhe Reservoir, a drinking water reservoir.

Stormflow runoff is an important non-point source of pollution in drinking water reservoirs. Storm runoff is usually very turbid and contains a high concentration of organic matter, therefore affecting water quality when it enters reservoirs. In order to investigate the impact of storm runoff on spatial-temporal variation and stratification of water quality during this rainstorm event, the inflow process of the storm runoff was studied through a combination of field investigation and simulation using the Delft3D-Flow model. Water samples were collected from Biliuhe Reservoir at four different periods: before storm runoff, storm runoff flood peak period, 1 week after storm runoff, and 5 weeks after storm runoff. The results showed that the input of storm runoff resulted in a significant increase in the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the reservoir water, especially in the reservoir entrance. The concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) gradually decreased after the flood peak period; however, the average concentrations of TN and TP in the entire reservoir remained higher than those before the storm runoff levels for an extended duration. The storm runoff will greatly contribute to the contamination of water quality in a reservoir, and the water quality cannot be quickly restored by self-purification in the short term. During the flood peak period, under the influence of density current, the electrical conductivity (EC) and turbidity increased significantly in the water depth of 10-15 m, so that the reservoir water had obvious stratification between 10 and 15 m. The form of pollutants in storm runoff was mostly in particle phosphorus. Total particulate phosphorus (TPP) concentration was 0.015 ± 0.011 mg/L, accounting for 44.12% of total phosphorus (TP) concentration in storm runoff flood peak period. The process of a rainstorm caused runoff, which carried high levels of turbidity, particulate phosphorus, and organic matter. The storm runoff disrupts the stratification of the reservoir water. In terms of vertical distribution, the turbidity in the reservoir area increased to 73.75 NTU. Therefore, the occurrence of significant turbidity density flow in the reservoir is frequently accompanied by intense rainfall events. Gaining insights into the impact of storm runoff on the vertical distribution of reservoir turbidity can help managers in selecting an appropriate inlet height to mitigate high turbidity outflow.

BMP-ACVR1 Axis is Critical for Efficacy of PRC2 Inhibitors in B-Cell Lymphoma.

EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the histone methyltransferase Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), and its somatic activating mutations drive lymphoma, particularly the germinal center B-cell type. Although PRC2 inhibitors, such as tazemetostat, have demonstrated anti-lymphoma activity in patients, the clinical efficacy is not limited to EZH2-mutant lymphoma. In this study, Activin A Receptor Type 1 (ACVR1), a type I Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) receptor, is identified as critical for the anti-lymphoma efficacy of PRC2 inhibitors through a whole-genome CRISPR screen. BMP6, BMP7, and ACVR1 are repressed by PRC2-mediated H3K27me3, and PRC2 inhibition upregulates their expression and signaling in cell and patient-derived xenograft models. Through BMP-ACVR1 signaling, PRC2 inhibitors robustly induced cell cycle arrest and B cell lineage differentiation in vivo. Remarkably, blocking ACVR1 signaling using an inhibitor or genetic depletion significantly compromised the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of PRC2 inhibitors. Furthermore, high levels of BMP6 and BMP7, along with ACVR1, are associated with longer survival in lymphoma patients, underscoring the clinical relevance of this study. Altogether, BMP-ACVR1 exhibits anti-lymphoma function and represents a critical PRC2-repressed pathway contributing to the efficacy of PRC2 inhibitors.

Glycine recalibrates iron homeostasis of lens epithelial cells by blocking lysosome-dependent ferritin degradation.

One of the major pathological processes in cataracts has been identified as ferroptosis. However, studies on the iron metabolism mechanism in lens epithelial cells (LECs) and the methods of effectively alleviating ferroptosis in LECs are scarce. Along these lines, we found that in the ultraviolet radiation b (UVB) induced cataract model in vitro and in vivo, the ferritin of LECs is over-degraded by lysosomes, resulting in the occurrence of iron homeostasis disorder. Glycine can affect the ferritin degradation through the proton-coupled amino acid transporter (PAT1) on the lysosome membrane, further upregulating the content of nuclear factor erythrocyte 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) to reduce the damage of LECs from two aspects of regulating iron homeostasis and alleviating oxidative stress. By co-staining, we further demonstrate that there is a more sensitive poly-(rC)-binding protein 2 (PCBP2) transportation of iron ions in LECs after UVB irradiation. Additionally, this study illustrated the increased expression of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) in NRF2-KO mice, indicating that Nrf2 may affect ferritin degradation by decreasing the expression of NCOA4. Collectively, glycine can effectively regulate cellular iron homeostasis by synergistically affecting the lysosome-dependent ferritin degradation and PCBP2-mediated ferrous ion transportation, ultimately delaying the development of cataracts.

Dynamic Dysregulation of the Triple Network of the Brain in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Relationship With Cognitive Performance.

A triple network model consisting of a default network, a salience network, and a central executive network has recently been used to understand connectivity patterns in cognitively normal versus dysfunctional brains. This study aimed to explore changes in the dynamic connectivity of triplet network in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and its relationship to cognitive performance. In this work, we acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 30 mTBI patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs). Independent component analysis, sliding time window correlation, and k-means clustering were applied to resting-state fMRI data. Further, we analyzed the relationship between changes in dynamic functional connectivity (FC) parameters and clinical variables in mTBI patients. The results showed that the dynamic functional connectivity of the brain triple network was clustered into five states. Compared with HC, mTBI patients spent longer in state 1, which is characterized by weakened dorsal default mode network (DMN) and anterior salience network (SN) connectivity, and state 3, which is characterized by a positive correlation between DMN and SN internal connectivity. Mild TBI patients had fewer metastases in different states than HC patients. In addition, the mean residence time in state 1 correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in mTBI patients; the number of transitions between states correlated with Glasgow Coma Score in mTBI patients. Taken together, our findings suggest that the dynamic properties of FC in the triple network of mTBI patients are abnormal, and provide a new perspective on the pathophysiological mechanism of cognitive impairment from the perspective of dynamic FC.

Diagnostic performances of Nonhyperemic Pressure Ratios and Coronary Angiography-Based Fractional Flow Reserve against conventional Wire-Based Fractional Flow Reserve.

BACKGROUND: Nonhyperemic pressure ratios (NHPRs) have been proposed as alternatives to fractional flow reserve (FFR) without induction of hyperemia. More recently, imaging based-FFR estimation, especially coronary angiography-derived FFR (Angio-FFR) measurement, is proposed to estimate wire-based FFR. However, little is known about the diagnostic performance of these indices against conventional FFR. AIMS: We aimed to assess and compare the diagnostic performance of both NHPRs and coronary Angio-FFR against wire-based conventional FFR. METHODS: PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed original articles up to 08/2022. The primary outcomes were the pooled sensitivity and specificity as well as the area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver-operating characteristic curve of those indices. RESULTS: A total of 6693 records were identified after a literature search, including 37 reports for NHPRs and 34 for Angio-FFR. Overall, NHPRs have a lower diagnostic performance in estimating wire-based FFR with an AUC of 0.85 (0.81, 0.88) when compared with Angio-FFR of 0.95 (0.93, 0.97). When all four modalities of NHPRs (iFR, Pd/Pa, DPR, RFR) were compared, those had overlapping AUCs without major differences among each other. Similarly, when the two most commonly used Angio-FFR (QFR, FFR angio ) were compared, those had overlapping AUCs without major differences among each other. CONCLUSION: Angio-FFR may offer a better estimation of wire-based FFR than NHPRs. Our results support a wider use of Angio-FFR in the cardiac catheterization laboratory to streamline our workflow for coronary physiologic assessment. CLASSIFICATIONS: FFR,, stable ischemic disease and non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome.

Mechanism of Intestinal Epithelial Absorption and Electrophysiological Regulation of the Shrimp Peptide QMDDQ.

We investigated the absorption mechanism of the shrimp peptide QMDDQ in small intestines, explored its physiological function in inhibiting neuronal hyperactivity, and verified its entry into the brain in vivo to display functional activity. The everted rat sac model and a Caco-2 paracellular absorption monolayer model were used, indicating that QMDDQ has a good absorption capacity with an apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) > 1 × 10-6 cm/s and the absorption of QMDDQ was concentration-dependent. When the concentration of QMDDQ was 1 mM and the transport time was 180 min, the highest absorption concentration of QMDDQ was 41.17 ± 3.48 µM (P < 0.05). The myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK)-specific inhibitor ML-7 and activator MPA, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence results showed that QMDDQ absorption takes place by mediating the MLCK-p-MLCK-MLC signaling pathway, reversibly opening the zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin in tight junctions (TJs), upregulating claudin-2 expression, and reaching targets through blood to inhibit neuronal overactivity. Results of fluorescence imaging in vivo verified that QMDDQ could enter the brain 4 h after oral administration. The results provide a theoretical foundation for the mechanism of paracellular absorption of active peptides and a starting point for the development of functional foods for Alzheimer's disease intervention.

Effect of Natural Variation and Rootstock on Fruit Quality and Volatile Organic Compounds of 'Kiyomi tangor' (Citrus reticulata Blanco) Citrus.

In this study, we compared the fruit quality and color of 'Kiyomi' (WT) and its mutant (MT) grafted on Ziyang xiangcheng (Cj) (WT/Cj, MT/Cj), and the MT grafted on Trifoliate orange (Pt) (MT/Pt). The differences in sugar, organic acid, flavonoids, phenols, and volatile substances of the three materials were also analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The results showed significant differences in the appearance of WT/Cj, MT/Cj, and MT/Pt. MT/Pt, compared to WT/Cj, MT/Cj, had lower sugar, acid, phenol and flavonoid contents in the pulp. However, MT/Pt pulp was higher in vitamin C (VC), and the peel had significantly higher total phenol and flavonoid contents. In terms of pulp, WT/Cj had the greatest diversity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). 4-methyl-1-pentanol was significantly higher in MT/Cj pulp, while MT/Pt pulp had a unique octanoic acid, methyl ester. VOCs were more diverse in the peels of the three materials. ß-Myrcene and valencen were significantly higher in MT/Cj peels. In contrast, 16 unique VOCs were detected in MT/Pt, and D-limonene content was significantly higher than in WT/Cj and MT/Cj. The results suggest Trifoliate orange is a suitable rootstock for MT.

Exploring the role of SWI/SNF complex subunit BAF60c in lipid metabolism and inflammation in fish.

Chromatin remodeling plays an important role in regulating gene transcription, in which chromatin remodeling complex is a crucial aspect. Brg1/Brm-associated factor 60c (BAF60c) subunit forms a bridge between chromatin remodeling complexes and transcription factors in mammals; hence, it has received extensive attention. However, the roles of BAF60c in fish remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified BAF60c-interacting proteins by using HIS-pull-down and LC-MS/MS analysis in fish. Subsequently, the RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify the overall effects of BAF60c. Then, the function of BAF60c was verified through BAF60c knockdown and overexpression experiments. We demonstrated for the first time that BAF60c interacts with glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and regulates lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammation. Knockdown of BAF60c reduces fatty acid biosynthesis, ER stress, and inflammation. In conclusion, the results enriched BAF60c-interacting protein network and explored the function of BAF60c in lipid metabolism and inflammation in fish.