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BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) continues to pose a significant public health threat to the well-being of the population. Given that the spread of HFRS is susceptible to meteorological factors, we aim to probe into the meteorological drivers of HFRS. Thus, novel techniques that can discern time-delayed non-linear relationships from nonlinear dynamical systems are compulsory. METHODS: We analyze the epidemiological features of HFRS in Weifang City, 2011-2020, via the employment of the Empirical Dynamic Modeling (EDM) method. Our analysis delves into the intricate web of time-delayed non-linear associations between meteorological factors and HFRS. Additionally, we investigate the repercussions of minor perturbations in meteorological variables on future HFRS incidence. RESULTS: A total of 2515 HFRS cases were reported in Weifang from 2011 to 2020. The number of cases per week was 4.81, and the average weekly incidence was 0.52 per 1,000,000. The propagation of HFRS is significantly impacted by the mean weekly temperature, relative humidity, cumulative rainfall, and wind speed, and the ρCCM converges to 0.55,0.48,0.38 and 0.39, respectively. The graphical representation of the relationship between temperature (lagged by 2 weeks) and the incidence of HFRS exhibits an inverted U-shaped curve, whereby the incidence of HFRS culminates as the temperature reaches 10 °C. Moreover, temperature, relative humidity, cumulative rainfall, and wind speed exhibit a positive correlation with HFRS incidence, with a time lag of 4-6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our discoveries suggest that meteorological factors can drive the transmission of HFRS both at a macroscopic and microscopic scale. Prospective alterations in meteorological conditions, for instance, elevations in temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation will instigate an upsurge in the incidence of HFRS after 4-6 months, and thus, timely public health measures should be taken to mitigate these changes.
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Fiebre Hemorrágica con Síndrome Renal , Conceptos Meteorológicos , Fiebre Hemorrágica con Síndrome Renal/epidemiología , Humanos , China/epidemiología , Incidencia , Temperatura , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Humedad , Adulto Joven , AdolescenteRESUMEN
In the study, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were used as alternatives to traditional chemical solvents for the extraction of polyphenols from Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Nine NADESs were tested for the first time and compared with ethanol and water (traditional solvents) regarding the extraction of phenolic compounds from E. angustifolia L. These solvents were particularly effective at extracting polyphenols, whose low water solubility usually requires high amounts of organic solvents. The solvent based on choline chloride and malonic acid provided optimal results and was selected for further optimization. The effects of material-to-liquid ratio, ultrasound time, and ultrasound temperature on the extraction efficiency were studied through single-factor experiments. These parameters were optimized by Box-Behnken design using response surface methodology. The optimal conditions identified were 49.86 g/mL of material-to-liquid ratio, 31.10 min of ultrasound time, and 62.35 °C of ultrasound temperature, resulting in a high yield of 140.30 ± 0.19 mg/g. The results indicated that the NADES extraction technique provided a higher yield than the conventional extraction process. The antioxidant activity of the extract of polyphenols from E. angustifolia L. was determined, and UPLC-IMS-QTOF-MS was used to analyze the phenolic compounds in it. The results revealed that the scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) extracted by NADES was higher than that of polyphenols extracted by water and ethanol. Furthermore, a total of 24 phenolic compounds were identified in the extract. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which a green and efficient NADES extraction method has been used to extract bioactive polyphenols from E. angustifolia L., which could provide potential value in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food additives.
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Antioxidantes , Elaeagnaceae , Extractos Vegetales , Polifenoles , Polifenoles/química , Polifenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Elaeagnaceae/química , Disolventes Eutécticos Profundos/química , Tecnología Química Verde , Solventes/químicaRESUMEN
In many studies, linear methods were used to calculate health benefits of air quality improvement, but the relationship between air pollutants and diseases may be complex and nonlinear. In addition, previous studies using reference number as average number of diseases may overestimate the health benefits. Therefore, the nonlinear model estimation and resetting of the reference number were very important. Hospital admission data for coronary heart disease (CHD), meteorological data, and air pollutant data of Zibo City from 2015 to 2019 were collected. The generalized additive model (GAM) was used to explore the association between air pollutants and hospital admission for CHD, and to evaluate the effects on health benefits under different reference number settings. A total of 21,105 hospitalized cases for CHD were reported in Zibo during the study period. The results of the GAM showed there was a log-linear exposure-response relationship between O3 and hospital admissions for CHD, with RR (relative risk) of 1.0143 (95% CI: 1.0047 ~ 1.0239). There were log-nonlinear exposure-response relationships between PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and hospital admissions for CHD. With the increase of pollutants concentrations, the risk for hospital admission showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Compared with the average hospital admissions as the reference number, health benefits calculated by hospital admissions predicted by the GAM model yielded lower. Using the World Health Organization air quality guidelines as reference, attributable fractions of O3, PM10, and PM2.5 were 1.97% (95% CI: 0.63 ~ 3.40%), 11.82% (95% CI: 8.60 ~ 15.24%), and 11.82% (95% CI: 8.79 ~ 15.04%), respectively. When quantifying health benefits brought by improving air quality, corresponding calculation methods should first be determined according to the exposure-response relationships between air pollutants and outcomes. Then, applying the average hospital admissions as reference number may overestimate health benefits resulting from improved air quality.
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Contaminación del Aire , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Humanos , Material Particulado/análisis , Mejoramiento de la Calidad , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Enfermedad CoronariaRESUMEN
The continuous, noninvasive monitoring of human blood pressure (BP) through the accurate detection of pulse waves has extremely stringent requirements on the sensitivity and stability of flexible strain sensors. In this study, a new ultrasensitive flexible strain sensor based on the interlayer synergistic effect was fabricated through drop-casting and drying silver nanowires and graphene films on polydimethylsiloxane substrates and was further successfully applied for continuous monitoring of BP. This strain sensor exhibited ultrahigh sensitivity with a maximum gauge factor of 34357.2 (â¼700% sensitivity enhancement over other major sensors), satisfactory response time (â¼85 ms), wide strange range (12%), and excellent stability. An interlayer fracture mechanism was proposed to elucidate the working principle of the strain sensor. The real-time BP values can be obtained by analyzing the relationship between the BP and the pulse transit time. To verify our strain sensor for real-time BP monitoring, our strain sensor was compared with a conventional electrocardiogram-photoplethysmograph method and a commercial cuff-based device and showed similar measurement results to BP values from both methods, with only minor differences of 0.693, 0.073, and 0.566 mmHg in the systolic BP, diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure, respectively. Furthermore, the reliability of the strain sensors was validated by testing 20 human subjects for more than 50 min. This ultrasensitive strain sensor provides a new pathway for continuous and noninvasive BP monitoring.
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Nanocables , Plata , Humanos , Nanocables/química , Plata/química , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Grafito/química , Determinación de la Presión Sanguínea/instrumentación , Determinación de la Presión Sanguínea/métodos , Masculino , Dimetilpolisiloxanos/química , Nanoestructuras/química , AdultoRESUMEN
Peatlands records can be used to reconstruct and understand the history of environmental evolution, as well as a more accurate reflection of human activities. The black carbon (BC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ideal natural archives of anthropogenic activities. To identify the information of anthropogenic activities recorded by peatlands in the middle and high latitudes of the alpine mountains in the arid and semi-arid regions of China. this study analyzed the concentrations of BC, δ13C ratios of BC, PAHs, and molecular diagnostic ratios of PHAs (including Benzo(a) anthracene (BaA), Chrysene (Chr), fluoranthene (Flt), anthracene (Ant), phenanthrene (Phe), Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP), and pyrene (Pyr) in a 30-cm peat profile from the Altay Mountain, northwestern China. Our results revealed concentrations of BC from 11.71 to 67.5 mg·g-1, and PAHs from 168.09 to 263.53 ng·g-1. The δ13CBC value ranged from - 31.37 to - 26.27, with an average of - 29.54, indicating that the BC mainly comes from biomass combustion. The ratios of BaA/(BaA + Chr), Flt/(Flt + Pyr), and Ant/(Ant + Phe) exceeded 0.35, 0.5, and 0.1, respectively, revealing that the PAHs pollutants mainly originated from the combustion of biomass and fossil fuel burning. Furthermore, based on these findings and our knowledge of social development in Altay, industrial transport and tourism have influenced the emission, transport, and deposition of BC and PAH in peatlands in the Altay mountains since the 1980s. After 1980, pollutant concentrations decreased with the implementation of environmental policies. The results not only reveal the influence of anthropogenic activities on the sedimentary characteristics of peatlands in the Altay Mountains, but also provide an important theoretical basis for the conservation of fragile mountain peatlands.
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Monitoreo del Ambiente , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , China , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análisis , Suelo/química , Humanos , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisisRESUMEN
The brain networks for the first (L1) and second (L2) languages are dynamically formed in the bilingual brain. This study delves into the neural mechanisms associated with logographic-logographic bilingualism, where both languages employ visually complex and conceptually rich logographic scripts. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, we examined the brain activity of Chinese-Japanese bilinguals and Japanese-Chinese bilinguals as they engaged in rhyming tasks with Chinese characters and Japanese Kanji. Results showed that Japanese-Chinese bilinguals processed both languages using common brain areas, demonstrating an assimilation pattern, whereas Chinese-Japanese bilinguals recruited additional neural regions in the left lateral prefrontal cortex for processing Japanese Kanji, reflecting their accommodation to the higher phonological complexity of L2. In addition, Japanese speakers relied more on the phonological processing route, while Chinese speakers favored visual form analysis for both languages, indicating differing neural strategy preferences between the 2 bilingual groups. Moreover, multivariate pattern analysis demonstrated that, despite the considerable neural overlap, each bilingual group formed distinguishable neural representations for each language. These findings highlight the brain's capacity for neural adaptability and specificity when processing complex logographic languages, enriching our understanding of the neural underpinnings supporting bilingual language processing.
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Mapeo Encefálico , Encéfalo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Multilingüismo , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Encéfalo/fisiología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Fonética , Lectura , Lenguaje , JapónRESUMEN
The growth of all-inorganic perovskite single-crystal microstructures on substrates is a promising approach for constructing photonic and electronic microdevices. However, current preparation methods typically involve direct control of ions or atoms, which often depends on specific lattice-matched substrates for epitaxial growth and other stringent conditions that limit the mild preparation and flexibility of device integration. Herein, we present the on-substrate fabrication of CsPbBr3 single-crystal microstructures obtained via a nanoparticle self-assembly assisted low-temperature sintering (NSALS) method. Sintering guided by self-assembled atomically oriented superlattice embryos facilitated the formation of single-crystal microstructures under mild conditions without substrate dependence. The as-prepared on-substrate microstructures exhibited a consistent out-of-plane orientation with a carrier lifetime of up to 82.7 ns. Photodetectors fabricated by using these microstructures exhibited an excellent photoresponse of 9.15 A/W, and the dynamic optical response had a relative standard deviation as low as 0.1831%. The discrete photosensor microarray chip with 174000 pixels in a 100 mm2 area showed a response difference of less than 6%. This method of nanoscale particle-controlled single crystal growth on a substrate offers a perspective for mild-condition preparation and in situ repair of crystals of various types. This advancement can propel the flexible integration and widespread application of perovskite devices.
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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a malignant disease with progressive increase of pulmonary vascular pressure, which eventually leads to right heart failure. More and more evidences show that immune cells and inflammation play an important role in the occurrence and development of PH. In the context of pulmonary vascular diseases, immune cells migrate into the walls of the pulmonary vascular system. This leads to an increase in the levels of cytokines and chemokines in both the bloodstream and the surrounding tissues of the pulmonary vessels. As a result, new approaches such as immunotherapy and anti-inflammatory treatments are being considered as potential strategies to halt or potentially reverse the progression of PH. We reviewed the potential mechanisms of immune cells, cytokines and chemokines in PH development. The potential relationship of vascular cells or bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) in immune regulation was also expounded. The clinical application and future prospect of immunotherapy were further discussed.
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Hipertensión Pulmonar , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/terapia , Hipertensión Pulmonar/metabolismo , Pulmón/patología , Inflamación/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Quimiocinas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Moutan Cortex (MC) is a traditional Chinese medicine that contains abundant medicinal components, such as paeonol, paeoniflorin, etc. Paeonol is the main active component of MC. In this study, paeonol was extracted from MC through an ultrasound-assisted extraction process, which is based on single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). Subsequently, eight macroporous resins of different properties were used to purify paeonol from MC. The main components of the purified extract were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). The results indicate the optimal parameters are as follows: liquid-to-material ratio 21:1 mL/g, ethanol concentration 62%, ultrasonic time 31 min, ultrasonic temperature 36 °C, ultrasonic power 420 W. Under these extraction conditions, the actual yield of paeonol was 14.01 mg/g. Among the eight tested macroporous resins, HPD-300 macroporous resin was verified to possess the highest adsorption and desorption qualities. The content of paeonol increased from 6.93% (crude extract) to 41.40% (purified extract) after the HPD-300 macroporous resin treatment. A total of five major phenolic compounds and two principal monoterpene glycosides were characterized by comparison with reference compounds. These findings will make a contribution to the isolation and utilization of the active components from MC.
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Acetofenonas , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Paeonia , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The disease burden of tuberculosis (TB) was heavy in Hainan Province, China, and the information on transmission patterns was limited with few studies. This atudy aims to further explore the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of TB in Hainan Province, and thereby contribute valuable scientific evidences for TB elimination in Hainan Province. METHODS: The TB notification data in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2022 were collected from the Chinese National Disease Control Information System Tuberculosis Surveillance System, along with socio-economic data. The spatial-temporal and population distributions were analyzed, and spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted to explore TB notification rate clustering. In addition, the epidemiological characteristics of the cases among in-country migrants were described, and the delay pattern in seeking medical care was investigated. Finally, a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model was adopted to analyze the relationship between TB notification rate and socio-economic indicators. The tailored control suggestions in different regions for TB elimination was provided by understanding epidemiological characteristics and risk factors obtained by GTWR. RESULTS: From 2013 to 2022, 64,042 cases of TB were notified in Hainan Province. The estimated annual percentage change of TB notification rate in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2020 was - 6.88% [95% confidence interval (CI): - 5.30%, - 3.69%], with higher rates in central and southern regions. The majority of patients were males (76.33%) and farmers (67.80%). Cases among in-country migrants primarily originated from Sichuan (369 cases), Heilongjiang (267 cases), Hunan (236 cases), Guangdong (174 cases), and Guangxi (139 cases), accounting for 53%. The majority (98.83%) of TB cases were notified through passive case finding approaches, with delay in seeking care. The GTWR analysis showed that gross domestic product per capita, the number of medical institutions and health personnel per 10,000 people were main factors affecting the high TB notification rates in some regions in Hainan Province. Different regional tailored measures such as more TB specialized hospitals were proposed based on the characteristics of each region. CONCLUSIONS: The notification rate of TB in Hainan Province has been declining overall but still remained high in central and southern regions. Particular attention should be paid to the prevalence of TB among males, farmers, and out-of-province migrant populations. The notification rate was also influenced by economic development and medical conditions, indicating the need of more TB specialized hospitals, active surveillance and other tailored prevention and control measures to promote the progress of TB elimination in Hainan Province.
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Tuberculosis , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , China/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/prevención & control , Factores de Riesgo , Análisis Espacial , Regresión EspacialRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Both extreme temperature events (ETEs) and air pollution affected human health, and their effects were often not independent. Previous studies have provided limited information on the interactions between ETEs and air pollution. METHODS: We collected data on deaths (non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory) in Zibo City along with daily air pollution and meteorological data from January 2015 to December 2019. Distributed lag non-linear model was used to explore the health effects of ETEs on deaths. Non-parametric binary response model, hierarchical model and joint effect model were used to further explore the interaction between ETEs and air pollution in different seasons. Meanwhile, subgroup analysis by gender and age (≥ 65 years old and < 65 years old) was conducted to identify the vulnerable population. RESULTS: ETEs increased death risk, especially for cardiovascular and respiratory deaths. Heat waves had a stronger impact than cold spells. Cold spells had a longer lag and fluctuating trend. Heat waves had a short-term impact, followed by a decrease. Females and those aged ≥ 65 were more affected, but subgroup differences were not significant. During ETEs and non-ETEs, there were different effects on deaths with per IQR increase in air pollutant concentrations. Joint effect models revealed that there was a significant interaction between ETEs and air pollution on non-accidental deaths. The interaction between PM2.5 and cold spells was antagonistic in the cold season. In the warm season, the health effects of heat waves and high O3 concentration were enhanced. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) of cold spells and PM2.5 in total population was -0.09 (95 % CI: -0.17, -0.01), and 9 % (95 % CI: 1 %, 17 %) of the total effect was attributable to interaction. Subgroup analysis confirmed the interactions in females and those aged ≥ 65. CONCLUSIONS: Significant association observed between ETEs and deaths. Females and ≥ 65 age groups were vulnerable. There were interactions between ETEs and air pollution. The effect of PM2.5 on deaths decreased during cold spells, while the effect of O3 increased during heat waves. In addition to improving air quality, it is necessary to further strengthen the prevention and control of ETEs.
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Contaminación del Aire , Femenino , Humanos , Anciano , Temperatura , Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Estaciones del Año , Frío , Convulsiones , Material Particulado/análisis , China/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a higher susceptibility for colorectal cancer and poorer prognosis, but the mechanism is still unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 (ART1) on the growth of colorectal cancer in an animal model of diabetes with high norepinephrine status, as well as the potential mechanism. METHODS: We evaluated the size and weight of transplanted CT26 cell tumors with different ART1 expression levels in a mouse model of diabetes, as well as the survival time. CCK8 and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the growth of CT26 cells in vitro. Western blot was performed to analyze differentially expressed proteins in the ART1-modulated pathway. RESULTS: High levels of norepinephrine and ART1 favored the proliferation of CT26 cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, inhibition of norepinephrine-dependent proliferation was observed in ART1-silenced CT26 cells compared to those with normal ART1 expression. Following reduction of the serum norepinephrine level by surgery, the size and weight of transplanted CT26 cell tumors was significantly reduced compared to non-operated and sham-operated mice. Furthermore, the expression of ART1, mTOR, STAT3, and p-AKT protein in the tumor tissue of diabetic mice was higher than in non-diabetic mice. Following reduction of the norepinephrine level by renal denervation (RD), expression of the proliferation-related proteins mTOR, STAT3, p-AKT protein decreased, but no change was seen for ART1 expression. At the same concentration of norepinephrine, ART1 induced the expression of p-AKT, mTOR, STAT3, CyclinD1 and c-myc in CT26 cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that faster growth of colorectal cancer in high norepinephrine conditions requires the expression of ART1, and that high ART1 expression may be a novel target for the treatment of diabetes-associated colorectal cancer.
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ADP Ribosa Transferasas , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Norepinefrina , Animales , Ratones , ADP Ribosa Transferasas/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TORRESUMEN
A low-cost microfluidic platform integrated with a flexible heater was developed for in situ temperature-dependent spectroscopic measurement at the point of care. After verifying the system by comparing on-chip spectroscopic measurement of methylene blue with the conventional spectroscopy, we demonstrated its applications in temperature-dependent absorption spectroscopy of a model biomolecule, curcumin. The system is portable, battery-powered and requires ultra-low volumes of analytes, which is highly suitable for point-of-care characterization.
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BACKGROUND: Measles-containing vaccine (MCV) has been effective in controlling the spread of measles. Some countries have declared measles elimination. But recently years, the number of cases worldwide has increased, posing a challenge to the global goal of measles eradication. This study estimated the relationship between meteorological factors and measles using spatiotemporal Bayesian model, aiming to provide scientific evidence for public health policy to eliminate measles. METHODS: Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on monthly data of measles and meteorological variables in 136 counties of Shandong Province from 2009 to 2017. Spatiotemporal Bayesian model was used to estimate the effects of meteorological factors on measles, and to evaluate measles risk areas at county level. Case population was divided into multiple subgroups according to gender, age and occupation. The effects of meteorological factors on measles in subgroups were compared. RESULTS: Specific meteorological conditions increased the risk of measles, including lower relative humidity, temperature, and atmospheric pressure; higher wind velocity, sunshine duration, and diurnal temperature variation. Taking lowest value (Q1) as reference, RR (95%CI) for higher temperatures (Q2-Q4) were 0.79 (0.69-0.91), 0.54 (0.44-0.65), and 0.48 (0.38-0.61), respectively; RR (95%CI) for higher relative humidity (Q2-Q4) were 0.76 (0.66-0.88), 0.56 (0.47-0.67), and 0.49 (0.38-0.63), respectively; RR (95%CI) for higher wind velocity (Q2-Q4) were 1.43 (1.25-1.64), 1.85 (1.57-2.18), 2.00 (1.59-2.52), respectively. 22 medium-to-high risk counties were identified, mainly in northwestern, southwestern and central Shandong Province. The trend was basically same in the effects of meteorological factors on measles in subgroups, but the magnitude of the effects was different. CONCLUSIONS: Meteorological factors have an important impact on measles. It is crucial to integrate these factors into public health policies for measles prevention and control in China.
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Sarampión , Conceptos Meteorológicos , Humanos , Incidencia , Teorema de Bayes , Temperatura , China/epidemiología , Sarampión/epidemiología , Sarampión/prevención & controlRESUMEN
A disposable paper-based glucose biosensor with direct electron transfer (DET) of glucose oxidase (GOX) was developed through simple covalent immobilization of GOX on a carbon electrode surface using zero-length cross-linkers. This glucose biosensor exhibited a high electron transfer rate (ks, 3.363 s-1) as well as good affinity (km, 0.03 mM) for GOX while keeping innate enzymatic activities. Furthermore, the DET-based glucose detection was accomplished by employing both square wave voltammetry and chronoamperometric techniques, and it achieved a glucose detection range from 5.4 mg/dL to 900 mg/dL, which is wider than most commercially available glucometers. This low-cost DET glucose biosensor showed remarkable selectivity, and the use of the negative operating potential avoided interference from other common electroactive compounds. It has great potential to monitor different stages of diabetes from hypoglycemic to hyperglycemic states, especially for self-monitoring of blood glucose.
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Técnicas Biosensibles , Glucosa , Carbono , Glucosa Oxidasa , Electrones , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Electrodos , Enzimas InmovilizadasRESUMEN
Backgroud: Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is a clinically important fungal pathogen. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is the main fungal infection with increased morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations, although treatments are available. An innate DNA sensor known as cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) has recently been discovered that senses invading pathogens and has a significant impact on innate immunity. It can activate the cGAS-STING signaling pathway to stimulate downstream signals. But it is still unclear what role it plays in IPA's pathogenesis.Methods: An investigation into the infection of A. fumigatus was conducted by inhibiting cGAS activity in vivo and in vitro using siRNA and RU.521(an inhibitor of cGAS).Results: We discovered that suppressing cGAS increased the host's susceptibility to A. fumigatus and harmed those with infections by enhancing pulmonary tissue damage and edema, as well as decreasing fungal clearance. Furthermore, our findings show that inhibiting or silencing cGAS can exacerbate the inflammatory response in IPA mouse models and human bronchi epithelial cells (HBECs) treated with A. fumigatus by upregulating the production of inflammatory genes with non-type 1 interferon.Conclusion: Based on our analysis, we conclude that activating cGAS might increase host resistance to A. fumigatus, protect against pulmonary illnesses brought on by A. fumigatus and that exploring the cGAS-STING signaling pathway is beneficial not only for the immunological investigation of IPA but also may be a potential therapeutic objective.
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Aspergillus fumigatus , Inmunidad Innata , Ratones , Animales , Humanos , Nucleotidiltransferasas/genética , Nucleotidiltransferasas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/genética , Pulmón/metabolismoRESUMEN
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the abnormal connection of functional networks. Olfactory impairment occurs in early AD; therefore, exploring alterations in olfactory-related regions is useful for early AD diagnosis. We combined the graph theory of local brain network topology with olfactory performance to analyze the differences in AD brain network characteristics. A total of 23 patients with AD and 18 normal controls were recruited for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), clinical neuropsychological examinations and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Between-group differences in the topological properties of the local network were compared. Pearson correlations were explored based on differential brain regions and olfactory performance. Statistical analysis revealed a correlation of the degree of cognitive impairment with olfactory recognition function. Local node topological properties were significantly altered in many local brain regions in the AD group. The nodal clustering coefficients of the bilateral temporal pole: middle temporal gyrus (TPOmid), degree centrality of the left insula (INS.L), degree centrality of the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG.R), and betweenness centrality of the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG.L) were related to olfactory performance. Alterations in local topological properties combined with the olfactory impairment can allow early identification of abnormal olfactory-related regions, facilitating early AD screening.
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Ureteral urothelial carcinoma is a common urinary system tumor, accounting for 40% to 60% of all ureteral diseases. This study attempted to analyze the prognosis of patients with urothelial carcinoma, judging ureteral urothelial carcinoma by genes and biomarkers of inflammatory response. In this paper, co-expression network analysis and gene-based image fusion evaluation methods were proposed to obtain the prognosis results of patients with ureteral urothelial carcinoma. The experimental results showed that the levels of PLR and NLR increased, and the levels of HGB and HCT decreased; high PLR and high NLR levels, low HGB and low HCT levels were all risk factors affecting bladder urothelial carcinoma, and their ratios (OR) were 1.023, 1.611, 0.961, 0.859, 1.015, 1.072, 0.979, and 0.951, respectively. However, high PLR and high NLR levels were independent risk factors for bladder urothelial carcinoma, and their OR values were 1.497 and 1.071, respectively. Through biomarker diagnosis, the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of hsa-mir-17, hsa-mir-93, hsa-mir-429 and hsa-mir-20a all exceeded 0.9, indicating that this is a potential diagnostic indicators. All in all, during the treatment of ureteral cancer, in order to reduce tumor recurrence, systemic therapy should be combined with ureteral cancer. In addition, this study also analyzed the prognosis of chemotherapy patients, and the results showed that immunotherapy may increase the risk of tumor cell reperfusion during chemotherapy.
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Construction of wetland ecological agriculture is recommended to perform ecological function and produce considerable economic value. A mode of wetland ecological agriculture was established on inland saline-alkaline marshes in Northeast of China here. This study used reed as substrate to cultivate Pleurotus citrinopileatus and return the waste substrate (SMS) to ameliorate the saline-alkalized soil. The biological efficiency of mushroom was 69.01 %, and the contents of sugar, crude protein, crude fat, and amino acids were 30.82 %, 23.07 %, 1.58 %, and 19.48 %, respectively in P. citrinopileatus. The cultivated mushrooms had higher contents of Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu, with lower levels of harmful heavy metals. When compared with initial substrates, the SMS remained 93.42 % fiber, 87.08 % carbon, 97.72 % nitrogen, 51.35 % phosphorus, and more Ca contents. Compared with the control, SMS application decreased the soil pH and electro-conductivity by 12.33 % and 30.75 %, and increased total nitrogen and organic matter by 34.98 % and 46.55 %, respectively. In addition to the soil improvements, the above- and belowground biomasses of reed were increased by 172.92 % and 59.64 %, respectively. The study indicated that reed could be used as mushrooms substrates, subsequently applied SMS to ameliorate the saline-alkaline soil. Our wetland ecological agriculture mode of "reed-mushroom-fertilizer" is available and effective for saline-alkaline wetland functioning and economic development.
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Fertilizantes , Humedales , Agricultura , Suelo/química , Nitrógeno/análisisRESUMEN
Biosensors that sense the concentration of a specified target and produce a specific signal output have become important technology for biological analysis. Recently, intelligent biosensors have received great interest due to their adaptability to meet sophisticated demands. Advances in developing standard modules and carriers in synthetic biology have shed light on intelligent biosensors that can implement advanced analytical processing to better accommodate practical applications. This review focuses on intelligent synthetic biology-enabled biosensors (SBBs). First, we illustrate recent progress in intelligent SBBs with the capability of computation, memory storage, and self-calibration. Then, we discuss emerging applications of SBBs in point-of-care testing (POCT) and wearable monitoring. Finally, future perspectives on intelligent SBBs are proposed.