[Epidemic characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and drug-resistant gene mutations in hospitalized children aged 0-17 in Ningbo City from 2019 to 2023].

To analyze the infection and drug-resistant gene 23S rRNA mutations of mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) in hospitalized children aged 0-17 in Ningbo City from 2019 to 2023. Throat swabs were collected from hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections in Ningbo University Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital from 2019 to 2023. They were subjected to real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection to analyze Mp infection and drug-resistant gene (23S rRNA) mutations. Intergroup comparisons were made by the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability method. A total of 18 968 hospitalized children were included, with a total positive rate of 30.37% (5 760/18 968). The total positive rate of drug-resistant gene mutations was 82.45% (4 749/5 760). The positive rate of Mp in male children was 29.26%, which was lower than that in female children (31.67%, χ2=12.948, P<0.001). The positive rate of Mp drug-resistant gene mutations in male children was 82.52%, which was higher than that in female children(82.37%, χ2=0.021, P=0.885). The positive rates of Mp increased with age (χ2=1 722.21, P<0.001). The positive rates of Mp drug-resistant gene mutations also increased with age (χ2=13.152, P<0.001). In the four seasons, the total positive rate of Mp in summer and autumn was significantly higher than that in winter and spring (χ2=1 085.149, P<0.001). Among them, the Mp positive rates in the summer and autumn of 2019 were as high as 38.26% and 34.49%, while in the summer and autumn of 2020, the Mp positive rates were 2.55% and 1.65%, respectively, which were the lowest in previous years. In the summer and autumn of 2023, the Mp positive rates increased to 47.22% and 51.06%. There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of Mp drug-resistant gene mutations among the four seasons. In Conclusion, Mp infection was more prevalent in the summer and autumn in Ningbo city and females and children aged 7-17 were more susceptible. The epidemic of Mp infection in Ningbo occurred in the summer of 2019. After the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the positive rate of Mp rapidly decreased and later remained in a low incidence state. After the lifting of restrictive prevention and control measures in 2023, the Mp positive rate returned to an epidemic state. The positive rate of Mp drug-resistant gene (23S rRNA) mutations was relatively high.

[Clinical analysis of seven cases of primary hyperoxaluria type 1].

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of seven patients (four men and three women) with primary hyperoxaluria (PH) type 1 (PH1) in the Department of Nephrology of Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University from January 2018 to October 2023. The mean age at disease onset was 32.1 (range: 26-42) years. The mean age at diagnosis was 40.6 (range: 28-51) years. All patients initially had kidney stones, and three patients were found to have renal insufficiency at the time of disease onset. Among them, two patients underwent hemodialysis immediately. Symptoms at the first visit included bone pain (n=7), joint pain or deformity (n=5), fatigue (n=5), hypotension (n=3), and subcutaneous nodules (n=2). Four patients had a family history of PH. All patients had varying degrees of anemia (60-114 g/L), significant hypoalbuminemia (16.5-32.1 g/L), and hypercoagulable state (D-dimer: 2 230-12 781 µg/L). Seven patients received maintenance hemodialysis; their mean age was 37.7 (range: 26-50) years. The mean duration from disease onset to hemodialysis was 5.6 (range: 0-20) years. Five patients repeatedly experienced dialysis access dysfunction. Three patients underwent kidney transplantation before a diagnosis was made, and all transplanted kidneys lost function due to oxalate deposition. The mean follow-up duration was 14.43 (range: 4-38) months. Unfortunately, one patient died. All seven patients underwent computed tomography of the abdomen. All patients suffered skeletal abnormalities, bilateral nephrolithiasis, and nephrocalcinosis. Six patients carried AGXT gene mutations, including four compound heterozygous mutations and two pure homozygous mutations.The mutation sites included: c.823-824dup.AG (p.S275Rfs*38)(exon 8), c.815-816ins.GA (p.S275Rfs*38)(exon 8), c.595G>A (p.G199S) (exon 5), c.32C>G (p.P11R) (exon 1), and c.638C>T (p.A213V)(exon 6). According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, two loci were identified as likely pathogenic variants, seven were identified as pathogenic variants, and one locus was identified as having uncertain significance. In addition, patients 1 and 4 underwent skin biopsy, patient 2 underwent renal transplant biopsy, and patient 3 underwent bone marrow biopsy. Interestingly, significant oxalate deposition was found in the tissues. Therefore, PH1 is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease. This study not only enhanced the understanding of the clinical characteristics of PH1 patients but also had great significance in early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

[Predict the effect of the number of positive preoperative serum tumor markers on the surgical method and prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients based on mediation analysis].

Objective: To investigate the effect of the number of positive preoperative serological tumor markers on the surgical approach and prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: This is a retrospective case-series study. Data from 548 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after radical resection from October 2010 to April 2019 were retrospectively collected in 10 hospitals of China. There were 277 males and 271 females with an age of (57.8±10.2)years(range:23 to 84 years). Four hundred and twenty-six patients(77.7%) had at least one positive preoperative serum tumor marker. The data collection included the results of 4 preoperative serological tumor markers,other preoperative indicators(5 prodromal symptoms, 6 medical history,8 preoperative serological indicators,5 preoperative imaging indicators,and 14 preoperative pathological examination indicators),baseline data (gender and age),surgical methods,and prognostic follow-up data. Four preoperative results of serologic tumor marker and surgical procedure were converted into categorical variables. The number of positive preoperative serum tumor markers was used as the treatment variable,the surgical method was used as the mediating variable,and the survival time was used as the outcome variable. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to screen for other preoperative indicators which were independent factors that influenced the surgical procedure and the prognosis of patients as covariates to analyze the mediating effect. Results: Of the 548 patients included in the study, 176 patients (32.1%) underwent partial hepatectomy,151 patients(27.5%) underwent hemihepatectomy, and 221 patients(40.3%) underwent partial hepatectomy or hemihepatectomy combined with other treatments. The results of the univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the number of positive serum tumor markers,intrahepatic bile duct dilatation,portal vein invasion,pathological differentiation,pathological type,vascular invasion,T stage,N stage and maximum tumor diameter were independent factors influencing the surgical procedure(all P<0.05). Intrahepatic bile duct dilatation,pathological differentiation and T stage were independent prognostic factors for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(all P<0.05). Intrahepatic bile duct dilatation,differentiation and T stage were included as covariates in the mediation effect model. The results showed that the number of positive serum tumor markers before surgery had a negative predictive effect on the survival time of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ß=-0.092, P=0.039),and had a positive predictive effect on the surgical method (ß=0.244,P<0.01). The number of positive serum tumor markers had a negative predictive effect on the survival time of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ß=-0.151, P=0.002). Direct and indirect effects accounted for 71.3% and 28.7% of total effects,respectively. Conclusions: The higher the positive number of preoperative tumor markers,the worse the prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The number of positive cells not only directly affects the prognosis of patients,but also indirectly affects the prognosis of patients by affecting the surgical method.

[Retrospective analysis of diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in designated medical institutions in China from 2017 to 2022].

Objective: To understand the status of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment capacity and the development and changes of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment in provincial and municipal designated medical institutions in China from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide a basis for the formulation of relevant policies for the improvement and development of designated medical institutions for tuberculosis and the tuberculosis prevention and treatment service system, and to provide reasonable support for further strengthening the capacity of designated medical institutions for tuberculosis. Methods: This study was initiated and carried out by Beijing Chest Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University/Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control of China CDC (hereinafter referred to as "Clinical Center") by means of questionnaire survey, and the investigation was carried out from March to November 2023. During this period, the clinical center distributed questionnaires to the hospital member units of "Beijing Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Innovation Alliance", retrospectively collected their tuberculosis-related diagnosis and treatment data from 2017 to 2022, and used descriptive statistical methods to analyze the number of tuberculosis beds, outpatients and hospitalizations in medical institutions. The results were expressed in absolute numbers (percentages), and three-line tables, bar charts and line charts were drawn to describe the analysis results and changing trends. Results: The 54 medical institutions surveyed in this survey included 21 provincial-level designated medical institutions and 33 prefecture-level designated medical institutions. Most medical institutions have set up clinical departments, auxiliary departments and functional departments to undertake public health tasks of infectious diseases. The tuberculosis laboratory in the hospital has a comprehensive ability and has the detection technology needed for most tuberculosis diagnosis; The number of tuberculosis beds, children's tuberculosis beds and ICU beds all showed an increasing trend from 2017 to 2022. The proportion of tuberculosis beds in the hospital decreased slightly, from 39.31% in 2017 to 34.76% in 2022, showing a slight downward trend. Compared with the hospital surveyed, the number of tuberculosis outpatients in 2019 was 562 029, and the number of outpatients in 2020-2022 was 462 328, 519 630 and 424 069 respectively, which was significantly lower than that in 2019. The number of tuberculosis outpatients in medical institutions decreased significantly from 2020 to 2022. By analyzing the proportion of patients with different types of tuberculosis, the proportion of sensitive tuberculosis outpatients in 2017-2022 decreased from 84.49% in 2017 to 78.05% in 2022, showing a downward trend year by year. The proportion of patients with multidrug-resistant/ rifampin-resistant tuberculosis increased from 2.03% in 2017 to 7.18% in 2022. From 2017 to 2019, the total number of inpatients with tuberculosis showed an upward trend. Compared with 2019, the number of inpatients in 2020, 2021 and 2022 showed a downward trend, and the decline in 2020 was large (down 14.94% compared with 2019). Among the inpatients, the absolute number and proportion of patients with sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis remained relatively stable, and the number and proportion of inpatients with multidrug-resistant/rifampin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis increased year by year. Conclusions: Most medical institutions have the capacity to carry out routine diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, but the public health function needs to be strengthened. The transformation of medical institutions requires proper guidance and adequate support. During 2019-2022, most medical institutions were affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, and their tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment work also changed to varying degrees. During this period, hospitals took various measures to overcome difficulties and tried their best to maintain the normal development of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment, and the tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment work of various institutions gradually resumed in 2022.

[Prediction of prognosis of patients with radical resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on single cell omics].

Objectives: To analyze the survival benefit of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) radical resection based on single cell omics. Methods: This is a retrospective case-series study. ICC single-cell sequencing was integrated from four data sets in the Gene Expression Omnibus Database, with a total of 46 patients undergoing radical resection, to explore the characteristics of the microenvironment. Microarray data of 100 ICC cases was analyzed in the EMBI database with survival data. The infiltration abundance of each epithelial cell cluster was calculated in each microarray data sample using the ssGSEA algorithm. The key epithelial cell cluster associated with poor patient outcomes was explored. The clinical value of key marker genes in this subgroup was studied. Prognostic marker genes were selected using the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards(CoxPH) model. The The CoxPH model was constructed by the target genes and a nomogram was drawn. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to verify the relationship between score and prognosis of patients. The predictive power of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Epithelial cell clusters infiltrated almost exclusively in tumor tissue. The MT2A+ epithelial cell subset was associated with a poorer prognosis for patients with a high invasion abundance and patients characterized by infiltration of this group were defined as antioxidant. After screening marker genes in this cluster using a univariate and multivariate CoxPH model, the following genes were found to be independent prognostic factors: FILPIL, NFKBIA, PEG10, SERPINB5. The CoxPH model was constructed using the four gene expression levels, and the survival rate of patients in the high-risk group was significantly lower than those in the low-risk group (all P<0.05). The constructed nomogram had good discrimination and validity. The ROC curve showed that the predicted area under the curve was 0.779, 0.844 and 0.845 at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Compared to clinical indicators, the model had better predictive power using the calibration curve and the DCA test. Conclusions: The MT2A+ epithelial cell group may be associated with the prognosis of patients with ICC, and the concept of ICC tissue typing of antioxidant and non-antioxidant types is proposed. The type of antioxidant may predict the poor prognosis of the patients, and postoperative adjuvant therapy and other means could be considered to improve the survival of the patients.

[New advances in the diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma].

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a type of primary liver cancer, which has shown an increasing trend in incidence and mortality in recent years, with a poor prognosis. The clinical diagnosis and treatment of ICC currently face the challenges of low detection rate, high mortality rate, poor treatment outcome, and urgently need more in-depth research to promote the improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment level. In recent years, ICC diagnosis and treatment related research has made new progress in many aspects, and the knowledge about these new clinical diagnosis and treatment advances should be updated in a timely manner. This article reviewed the latest research results in recent years, summarized some new views on ICC typing, prevention and diagnosis staging that have been proposed recently, as well as the new progress made in surgical treatment and systemic treatment, and briefly discussed the potential of ICC individualized precision treatment and the occurrence of rare complications caused by combined treatment.

[Clinical features and prognostic factors of elderly patients with mantle cell lymphoma].

Objective: To examine the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of elderly patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and the impact of nutrition and underlying diseases on the prognosis of elderly patients with MCL. Methods: retrospectively analyzed 255 elderly patients with MCL from 11 medical centers, including Peking University Third Hospital between January 2000 and February 2021. We analyzed clinical data, such as age, gender, Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index score, and treatment options, and performed univariate and multivariate prognostic analysis. We performed a comprehensive geriatric assessment on elderly MCL patients with medical records that included retraceable underlying disease and albumin levels, and we investigated the impact of basic nutrition and underlying disorders on MCL prognosis in the elderly. Results: There were 255 senior individuals among the 795 MCL patients. Elderly MCL was more common in males (78.4%), with a median age of 69 yr (ages 65-88), and the majority (88.6%) were identified at a late stage. The 3-yr overall survival (OS) rate was 42.0%, with a 21.2% progression-free survival (PFS) rate. The overall response rate (ORR) was 77.3%, with a 33.3% total remission rate. Elderly patients were more likely than younger patients to have persistent underlying illnesses, such as hypertension. Multivariate analysis revealed that variables related with poor PFS included age of ≥80 (P=0.021), Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ (P=0.003), high LDH level (P=0.003), involvement of bone marrow (P=0.014). Age of ≥80 (P=0.001) and a high LDH level (P=0.003) were risk factors for OS. The complete geriatric assessment revealed that renal deficiency was associated with poorer OS (P=0.047) . Conclusions: Elderly MCL patients had greater comorbidities. Age, LDH, renal function, bone marrow involvement, and Ann Arbor stage are all independent risk factors for MCL in the elderly.

[Effect of alar base cinch suture based on anatomic landmarks on the morphology of nasolabial region in patients after orthognathic surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of a modified alar base cinch suture (ABCS) based on nasal musculature anatomy on the three-dimensional morphology of nasolabial region in patients after Le Fort Ⅰ osteotomy. METHODS: In the study, 30 patients[11 males and 19 females, with an average age of (23.23±2.98) years]with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion underwent orthognathic surgery between August, 2019 and January, 2020 to have the maxilla advanced no more than 4 mm in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were involved and were divided into the test and control groups based on the random number table.In the test group, the nasal musculature was identified and labeled before dissection and the ABCS was according to the label, while in the control group, the nasal musculature was directly sutured and knotted in the midline of nose without prepend labeling.All the patients underwent three-dimensional facial photos preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively by using 3dMD face system.On the three dimensional image, soft tissue landmarks of nasolabial region was identified by the same examiner.Fourteen measurements including straight distance, curve distance, angle and ratio were measured.Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 22.0. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the two groups in cutaneous height of upper lip (P=0.023) and in nasal tip protrusion-alar width (P=0.012).The increase rate of cutaneous height of upper lip and the decrease rate of nasal tip protrusion-alar width in the control group were significantly higher than that in the test group.The alar width and alar base width of the both groups were significantly increased compared with the preoperative level (P < 0.05).The nasolabial angle in the control group was significantly higher compared with the normal value, while there was no significant difference between the test group and the normal value. CONCLUSION: Compared with the conventional suture method, this modified alar base cinch suture is more favorable for the postoperative nasal coordination and nasolabial morphology in patients who need mild to moderate maxillary advancement, and it has certain advantages in operability and objective accuracy.So it could become a modified and accurate method of alar base cinch suture and be widely applied in clinical practice.

Fermented rape pollen powder can alleviate benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats by reducing hormone content and changing gut microbiota.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can cause urethral compression, bladder stone formation, and renal function damage, which may endanger the life of patients. Therefore, we aimed to develop plant-based preparations for BPH treatment with no side effects. In this study, the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 322Hp, Lactobacillus acidophilus 322Ha, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri 322Hr were used to ferment rape pollen. The fermented rape pollen was subsequently converted into fermented rape pollen powder (FRPP) through vacuum freeze-drying technology. After fermenting and drying, the bioactive substances and antioxidant capacity of FRPP were significantly higher than those of unfermented rapeseed pollen, and FRPP had a longer storage duration, which can be stored for over one year. To investigate the therapeutic effect of FRPP on BPH, a BPH rat model was established by hypodermic injection of testosterone propionate. The BPH rats were treated differently, with the model group receiving normal saline, the positive control group receiving finasteride, and the low, medium, and high dose FRPP group receiving FRPP at doses of 0.14 g/kg/d, 0.28 g/kg/d, and 0.56 g/kg/d, respectively. The results indicate that medium dose FRPP reduced the levels of hormone such as testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and oestradiol in rats with BPH by about 32%, thus bringing the prostate tissue of BPH rats closer to normal. More importantly, medium dose FRPP treatment had a significant effect on the composition of gut microbiota in rats with BPH, increasing the levels of beneficial genera (such as Coprococcus and Jeotgalicoccus), and decreasing the levels of harmful pathogens (such as Turicibacter and Clostridiaceae_Clostridium) in the gut. This study showed that medium dose FRPP reduced the hormone level and regulated the unbalanced gut microbiota in BPH rats, thereby alleviating BPH.

[Pancreatic pseudocyst after pegaspargase treatment in six children].

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst after pegaspargase treatment in children. Methods: The clinical data of 6 children with pancreatic pseudocyst after pegaspargase treatment in the Department of Pediatrics in Peking University Third Hospital from July 2018 to February 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: There were 4 males and 2 females, and their age of onset was 9.5 (5.8, 13.0) years. The total number of pegaspargase applications was 2.5 (2.0, 3.5) times. The course from the last dose of pegaspargase to the onset of pancreatitis was 11.0 (9.0, 17.2) days, and 42.5 (35.0, 129.5) days from the onset of pancreatitis to the diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocyst. Abdominal pain was the most prominent manifestation of pancreatitis (6/6). All of the 6 children were asymptomatic when pancreatic pseudocyst was noted, and were treated conservatively at first, but one case later developed intermittent abdominal distension or nausea after eating. All the cases had pancreatic pseudocyst enlargement during the conservative treatment. Three children were treated with endoscopic ultrasound-guided transgastric drainage, and the cyst disappeared from 10 days to 4 months after the operation. The other 3 children received endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-guided transpapillary drainage, but one of them turned to surgery due to pancreatic duct stricture, and in the rest 2 children the cyst disappeared at 1 and 3 months after operation respectively. Regarding safety issues, 1 child who received ERCP-guided transpapillary drainage had acute postoperative pancreatitis, which were improved after treatment, and the other 5 had no complications. Conclusions: Pancreatic pseudocyst after pegaspargase chemotherapy can be asymptomatic in the early stage, and should be diagnosed with a history of pegaspargase treatment and timely imaging examination. Conservative treatment is the first choice for asymptomatic pseudocyst. When the pseudocyst enlarges, different endoscopic drainage treatments are required according to whether the pseudocyst is connected with the main pancreatic duct.

Genome-wide association studies uncover genes associated with litter traits in the pig.

Litter traits are critical economic variables in the pig industry as they represent a production indicator that can serve to determine sow fertility. In this study, a genome-wide association study on litter traits, including total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), litter birth weight (LBW), average birth weight (ABW), and piglet uniformity (PU), was carried out on two pig breeds (Yorkshire and Landrace). A total of 3 637 pigs of both breeds were genotyped using the GeneSeek GGP Porcine 50K SNP BeadChip. A mixed linear model (MLM) and fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) were employed in the genome-wide association studies for litter traits using combined data from the two pig breeds and data from each breed separately. Additionally, the heritability of traits was estimated using three methods-pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP), genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), and single-step best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP)-and was found to lie between 0.065 and 0.1289, 0.0478 and 0.0938, 0.0793 and 0.0935, 0.1862 and 0.2163, and 0.0327 and 0.0419 for TNB, NBA, LBW, ABW, and PU, respectively. We also compared the genomic prediction accuracies and unbiasedness for litter traits of the three BLUP models. Our results indicated that the ssGBLUP method provided higher predictive accuracies and more rational unbiasedness compared with the PBLUP and GBLUP methodologies. Furthermore, based on their possible roles, eight candidate genes (INHBA, LEPR, HDHD2, CTNND2, RNF216, HMX1, PAPPA2, and NTN1) were identified as being linked with litter traits. In the middle of the test, these genes were found to be connected with pig metabolism and ovulation rate. Our results provide the insights into the genetic architecture of litter traits in pigs, and the potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes identified may benefit economic profits in pig-breeding industry and contribute to improve litter traits.

[Expression and clinical significance of COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes in malignant pleural mesothelioma tissues].

Objective: To investigate the expression levels and clinical significance of collagen typeⅠ α1 chain (COL1A1) and collagen type Ⅰ α2 chain (COL1A2) in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) tissues. Methods: In January 2020, MPM tissues and adjacent normal pleural tissues were collected from 26 MPM patients, and the expression levels of COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes in the tissues were determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and the efficacy of both levels in diagnosing MPM was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The relationship between COL1A1 and COL1A2 gene expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the relationship between the expression levels of both and overall survival (OS) and disease-free progression survival (DFS) of MPM patients was dynamically analyzed by gene expression profiling, and the factors affecting the prognosis of MPM patients were explored by Cox proportional risk regression model. The TIMER 2.0 platform was used to explore the relationship between COL1A1 and COL1A2 gene expression in MPM and tumor immune infiltrative cells. Results: Compared with normal pleural tissues, the expression of COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes was significantly increased in MPM tissues (P<0.01) , and their expression was positively correlated (P<0.001) . The ROC curves showed that the area under the curve for COL1A1 and COL1A2 expression levels diagnostic of MPM was 0.900 and 0.897, respectively. The expression of COL1A1 gene was correlated with tumor type in MPM patients (P<0.05) , and COL1A2 gene expression was correlated with T stage in MPM patients (P<0.05) . Both COL1A1 and COL1A2 gene expression were associated with OS in MPM patients (Logrank P<0.05) , but there was no significant correlation with DFS (Logrank P>0.05) . Cox multivariate analysis showed that patients with high COL1A1 and COL1A2 gene expression and biphasic mixed MPM had a higher risk of death (P<0.05) . TIMER 2.0 platform analysis showed that COL1A1 and COL1A2 gene expression in MPM patients was positively correlated with macrophages, COL1A2 gene expression in MPM was negatively correlated with neutrophils (P<0.05) . Conclusion: High expression of COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes in MPM tissues is valuable for diagnosis, disease prediction and prognostic assessment of MPM, and both may jointly contribute to the development of MPM.

[Early onset Epstein-Barr virus-negative diffuse large B cell lymphoma after bilateral lung transplantation: a case report].

Lymphoma after solid organ transplantation is one of the manifestations of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders(PTLD). Here we reported a 39-year-old male patient presented with intermittent fever, markedly elevated level of peripheral blood lymphocytes and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), rapid decrease in hemoglobin and platelet count ten months after bilateral lung transplantation. After systematic evaluation, the patient excluded infectious diseases. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) revealed diffuse increasing of standard uptake value in bones throughout the body. The bone marrow aspiration, flow cytometric analysis and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with negative Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER) hybridization in situ. Meanwhile, complicated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis was also diagnosed in the patient based on hypertriglyceridemia, abnormally elevated level of serum ferritin and solvable CD25 (sCD25). Treatment regimen included reduction of immunosuppression, anti-CD20 antibody (CD20+ B cell inhibitor, rituximab) and etoposide. Repeated PET/CT and bone marrow biopsy showed complete remission of lymphoma after 4 months of therapy.

[Time distribution of positive nucleic acid detection in imported cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 in China].

Objective: To analyze the time distribution of the first positive nucleic acid detection in imported cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 reported nationwide in China and provide references for further improvement of the prevention and control of COVID-19 in international travelers. Methods: The data of imported cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 reported by provinces from 24 July 2020 and 23 July 2021 were collected for the analysis on the time distribution of the first positive nucleic acid detection after entering China. Results: A total of 7 199 imported cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 were reported in 28 provinces during 24 July 2020 to 23 July 2021. The median interval (Q1, Q3) from the entry to the first positive nucleic acid detection of SARS-CoV-2 was 1 (0, 5) day. The imported cases who had the first positive nucleic acid detections within 14 days and 14 days later after the entry accounted for 95.15% (6 850/7 199) and 4.85% (349/7 199) respectively. Among these cases, 3.65% (263/7 199), 0.88% (63/7 199) and 0.32% (23/7 199) had the first positive nucleic acid detections within 15-21 days, 22-28 days and 28 days later after the entry respectively. The proportion of asymptomatic infections were 47.24% (3 236/6 850) and 63.61% (222/349) among the cases who had the first positive nucleic acid detections within 14 days and 14 days later after the entry respectively. A total of 39.54% (138/349) of cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 with the first positive nucleic acid detections 14 days later after the entry had inter-provincial travel after the discharge of entry point isolation. Conclusions: About 5% of the imported cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 were first positive 14 days later after the entry. In order to effectively reduce the risk of domestic COVID-19 secondary outbreaks caused by imported cases, it is suggested to add a nucleic acid test on 8th -13th day after the entry.

[The value of color doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endograft infections following endovascular aneurysm repair].

Objective: To study the value of color doppler ultrasonography (CDU) in the diagnosis of endograft infections following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods: The retrospective analysis of post-EVAR stent infections identified by computed tomography angiography (CTA) was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2010 to December 2020. There were 16 males and 4 females, aged from 49 to 86 years. All the patients were detected by CDU. The endoleak, bubbles, abscess, hematoma, aortic intestinal fistula (AEF) and occlusion of stent detected by CTA and CDU were analyzed and compared. Results: Among 20 patients, 9 cases with endoleak were detected by CTA, while CDU showed 8 cases with endoleak. The rate of missed diagnosis was 1/9. The misdiagnosis rate was 0, and the Youden index was 0.89. CDU detected 3 cases with type Ⅱ endoleak, and 1 case was missed when compared with CTA. Three cases with type Ⅰa and 2 cases with type Ⅰb were detected by CDU, which were consistent with those of CTA. CDU and CTA showed that there were no cases with type Ⅲ and type Ⅳ endoleaks. CDU detected 8 cases with bubbles in the sac. Compared with CTA, the rate of missed diagnosis was 2/10. The misdiagnosis rate was 0, and the Youden index was 0.80. The cases with abscess, hematoma, increasing size of the aneurysm, occlusion of stent and fluid sonolucent area in the sac detected by CDU were 8/20, 2/20, 4/20, 1/20, 2/20, which were consistent with CTA. CDU did not detect the 3 cases with aortoenteric fistula(AEF) which were identified by CTA. The follow-up of CDU showed that the extra-anatomic bypasses remained their patency in 5 cases, 1 case occurred bypass occlusion. The range of infectious area and bubbles reduced in 2 cases. There was no change of endoleak in 1 case. All the follow-up results were consistent with those of CTA. Conclusion: CDU can comprehensively evaluate the infection in and around the aneurysm in patients with stentinfection after EVAR, with a high auuraly, and has important clinical significance for the early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients.

[Characteristics of gastric microbiota in children with Helicobacter pylori infection family history].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of gastric microbiota in children with and without (Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori) infection who had family history of H. pylori infection. METHODS: Mucosal biopsy samples of the gastric corpus and gastric antrum were collected during the gastroscope. And the gastric mucosa flora's information of the two groups of children were obtained after sample DNA extraction, PCR amplification of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) V3-V4 region, high-throughput sequencing and data processing. All the samples with family history of H. pylori infection were divided into two groups, the H. pylori infection group (n=18) and the H. pylori non-infection group (n=24). Then the α-, ß-diversity and bacteria abundance of the gastric microbiota were compared between the H. pylori infection and non-infection groups at different taxonomic levels. The differential microbiota was found out by LEfSe analysis, and then the function of microbiota predicted using phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) method. RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference in α-diversity (P < 0.05) between the two groups, indicating that the H. pylori non-infection group had higher microbial richness than the H. pylori infection group. Moreover, the ß-diversity was significantly different as well (P < 0.05), which meant that the microbiota composition of the two groups was different. At the phyla level, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria were dominant in the two groups. At the genus level, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Neisseria, etc. were dominant in the H. pylori non-infected group. Meanwhile, Helicobacter and Haemophilus etc. were dominant in the H. pylori infected group. LEfSe analysis showed that the relative abundance of Bacteroides etc. at the genus level in the H. pylori non-infected group was significantly higher than that in the H. pylori infected group. Functional prediction showed that Bacteroides were positively correlated with amino acid and vitamin metabolism, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and ansamycin synthesis pathway. CONCLUSION: The gastric microbiota between H. pylori positive and H. pylori negative in children with family history of H. pylori infection is significant different. Some gastric microbiota, such as Bacteroides, may have a potential relationship with H. pylori infection in children.

[Investigation of incidence of acute respiratory infection and healthcare-seeking behavior in period of COVID-19 epidemic].

Objective: To analyze the incidence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) and related healthcare seeking behaviors in population in the period of COVID-19 epidemic in China. Methods: According to the province specific cumulative incidence rates of COVID-19 reported as of March 31, 2020, the low, medium and high-risk areas were classified. In these areas, a stratified two stage cluster random sampling method was used to select participants for face-to-face questionnaire surveys. Data on the incidence of ARI and related healthcare seeking behaviors in community residents during COVID-19 epidemic period were collected to calculate the attack rate of ARI and related healthcare seeking rate. Logistic regression method was used to explore the influencing factors for ARI incidence and healthcare seeking behavior. Results: A total of 34 857 community residents were surveyed, in whom 647 (1.9%) reported that they had ARI symptoms during the COVID-19 epidemic period, and 241 (37.2%) had healthcare seeking behaviors. In terms of the incidence of COVID-19-related ARI, in high-risk area, the risk of COVID-19-related ARI was 1.36 times (95%CI: 1.12-1.65) than that in low-risk area; among different age groups, the risk of COVID-19-related ARI in age groups 20-39 years, ≥60 years was 1.80 times (95%CI: 1.29-2.59) and 1.63 times (95%CI: 1.14-2.40) than that in age group 1-9 years; the risk of COVID-19-related ARI in people with underlying diseases was 1.53 times (95%CI: 1.23-1.89) than that in those without underlying diseases; the risk of COVID-19-related ARI in people with contacts with confirmed cases of COVID-19 and people with fever or respiratory symptoms was 1.53 times (95%CI: 1.01-2.27) and 6.60 times (95%CI: 5.05-8.53) than those in people without these contacts. The healthcare seeking rate in COVID-19-related ARI patients with exposures to those with fever or respiratory symptoms was 1.68 times (95%CI: 1.05-2.70) than that in such patients without the exposures. Conclusions: The attack rate of COVID-19-related ARI was affected by the local epidemic level of COVID-19, and in high-risk area, the attack rate of COVID-19-related ARI was also high. The healthcare seeking rate in patients with COVID-19-related ARI was low. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage the healthcare seeking in people with ARI in COVID-19 pandemic period.

[Efficacy of endovenous microwave ablation in treating primary varicose veins of the lower extremities].

Objective: To explore the efficacy of endovenous microwave ablation in treating primary varicose veins of the lower extremities. Methods: A total of 214 patients with primary varicose veins of the lower extremities in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2017 to November 2019 were included and divided into microwave ablation group (n=128) and high ligation with microwave ablation group (n=86) according to surgical approach. Further subgroups including subgroup S (diameter<10 mm) and subgroup L (diameter≥10 mm) were established. The surgical success rate, postoperative incidence and recovery of local skin numbness and ecchymosis, and the postoperative recovery of active skin ulcer were compared between the two groups and subgroups. Results: The surgical success rate was 96% (136/141) in microwave ablation group, 100% in subgroup S (116/116), and 80% in subgroup L (20/25), respectively. In addition, the surgical success rate in high ligation with microwave ablation group, subgroup S, and subgroup L was all 100% (90/90, 73/73, and 17/17). In subgroup L of microwave ablation group, the diameter of 5 great saphenous veins in patients who failed the microwave ablation was 13.0-17.1 mm. The mean follow-up time was (24±4) months in microwave ablation group and (36±6) months in high ligation with microwave ablation group, respectively. In the microwave ablation group and high ligation with microwave ablation group, the incidence of postoperative skin numbness was 15.6% and 14.4%, respectively, and the incidence of skin ecchymosis was 5.7% and 3.3%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (both P>0.05). The rate of active skin ulcer in the two groups was 6.4% and 15.6%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.020). Local skin ecchymosis in the two groups recovered within 1 month after operation. Local skin numbness in both groups recovered within the maximum 2 years of follow-up, and active skin ulcer in both groups recovered within the maximum 1 years of follow-up. Conclusion: The endovenous microwave ablation is safe and effective, especially combining with high ligation of great saphenous vein. Good follow-up results can be achieved for great saphenous vein with diameter smaller than 10 mm. However, for those with diameter greater than 10 mm, the surgical success rate of endovenous microwave ablation decreases.