Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of radiation-induced lung injury in rat.

Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) frequently occurs as a complication following radiotherapy for chest tumors like lung and breast cancers. However, the precise underlying mechanisms of RILI remain unclear. In this study, we generated RILI models in rats treated with a single dose of 20 Gy and examined lung tissues by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) 2 weeks post-radiation. Analysis of lung tissues revealed 18 major cell populations, indicating an increase in cell-cell communication following radiation exposure. Neutrophils, macrophages, and monocytes displayed distinct subpopulations and uncovered potential for pro-inflammatory effects. Additionally, endothelial cells exhibited a highly inflammatory profile and the potential for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, smooth muscle cells (SMC) showed a high propensity for extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Our findings broaden the current understanding of RILI and highlight potential avenues for further investigation and clinical applications.

Immunotherapy-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Recurrent Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Case Report and Literature Review.

We present a patient with locoregionally advanced laryngeal carcinoma, who experienced recurrence 2 months after surgery. We exploratively treated this patient with immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy with or without radiation therapy. The patient exhibited a significant and durable response. Thus far, there are no standard or effective second-line therapeutic modalities for recurrent locoregionally advanced laryngeal carcinoma. The efficacy of conventional chemotherapy with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) remains unsatisfactory. The addition of immunotherapy resulted in substantial improvement in the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of this patient. In this case, immunotherapy combined with anti-EFGR was administered, leading to good tumor response; based on this observation, radiotherapy was added to further intensify tumor control. This therapeutic strategy may be a novel option for recurrent locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Naringenin inhibits migration, invasion, induces apoptosis in human lung cancer cells and arrests tumour progression in vitro.

Lung cancer is one of the major cause for high-death rate all over the world, due to increased metastasize and difficulties in diagnosis. Naringenin is naturally occurring flavonoid found in various fruits including tomatoes, citrus fruit and figs. Naringenin is known to have several therapeutic effects including anti-atherogenic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer and anti-mutagenic. The present study was aimed to analyse the naringenin induced anti-proliferative and apoptosis effects in human lung cancer cells. Cells were treated with various concentrations of naringenin (10, 100 & 200 µmol/L) for 48 hours. Cisplatin (20 µg/mL) was used as positive control. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration and mRNA, and protein expression of caspase-3, matrixmetallo proteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were determined. The cell viability was 93.7 ± 7.5, 51.4 ± 4.4 and 32.1 ± 2.1 at 10, 100 and 200 µmol/L of naringenin respectively. Naringenin significantly increased apoptotic cells. The 100 and 200 µmol/L of naringenin significantly suppressed the larger wounds of cultured human cancer cells compared with the untreated lung cancer cells. Naringenin increased d the expression of caspase-3 and reduced the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Taking all these data together, it is suggested that the naringenin was effective against human lung cancer proliferation, migration and metastasis.