Synthesis and immunogenicity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis arabinomannan-CRM197 conjugate.

Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a major structural surface component of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study describes the synthesis of the well-defined lipoarabinomannan (LAM) specific dodecasaccharide-protein conjugate and immunological studies. Arabinomannan (AM) dodecasaccharide has been efficiently synthesized and covalently conjugated to carrier proteins, including cross reactive mutant (CRM197) diphtheria toxoid and bovine serum albumin (BSA) for novel neoglycoconjugates, creating a potent T-dependent conjugate vaccine. Preliminary mice immunization studies on the neoglycoconjugate revealed that it could give rise to a strong IgG antibody titer in mice at 4.0 µg dose with an aluminum phosphate adjuvant. AM-CRM197 shows potential as an excellent candidate for a new carbohydrate-based vaccine that would be capable of eliciting a protective immune response against tuberculosis.

STUDIES ON A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT METHOD FOR LARGE-SCALE PREPARATION OF GENKWANIN FROM DAPHNE GENKWA SIEB. ET ZUCC. USING NORMAL-PHASE FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY.

Genkwanin, a flavonoid which has anti-oxidant and anti-tumor activities, was isolated and purified from flowers of Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc. in a large-scale by normal-phase flash chromatography (NPFC). Dried flower buds were extracted with methanol at room temperature and concentrated. The residues were suspended in water and first extracted with petroleum ether, and then chloroform. Genkwanin was concentrated in the chloroform and insoluble fractions. Under the target-guidance of thin layer chromatography (TLC) as well as solubility, a solvent system composed of cyclohexane-acetone (22:3, v/v) was selected. At a flow rate of 30 mL/min,the insoluble and chloroform fractions were separated to yield 1.5 g and 1.35 g of genkwanin with high purities of 98.3% and 98.6% by HPLC analysis, respectively. The chemical structure of the compound was identified by ESI-MS and NMR. Results of the present study indicated that NPFC was a large preparative-scale, speedy and simple process separation technology and it was feasible to find the appropriate proportion of solvent system by transformation from TLC condition.

[Comparison of apical sealing ability of two filling systems].

PURPOSE: To compare the apical sealing ability of the two filling materials: Resilon/Epiphany Self-Etch and Gutta-percha/AH plus. METHODS: Thirty-six recently extracted mandibular premolar roots were included, 6 for the positive and negative groups, 28 for the experimental groups (14 for the Resilon/Epiphany SE group, 14 for the Gutta-percha / AH plus group).The roots were prepared according to the same standards, then the root canals were filled respectively with Resilon/Epiphany SE and Gutta-percha/AH plus. The teeth were put into the India ink to stain, and the apical sealing ability of the two filling materials: Resilon/Epiphany Self-Etch and Gutta-percha/AH plus were compared with the methods of dye leakage. SPSS13.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The sealer of the Resilon/Epiphany SE was bonding to the resin filling material and the root canal dentin, and became a structure named mono-block. Compared with the Gutta-percha /AH plus group, the Resilon/Epiphany SE group had significantly lower apical leakage(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the Resilon/Epiphany SE filling system has better apical sealing ability than the traditional filling material of Gutta-percha/AH plus, and the sealer of Resilon/Epiphany SE is bonded to the resin filling materials and the root canal dentin, and become a structure named monoblock.

[Clinical analysis on 162 cases of drug eruption induced by Chinese patent medicine].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the pathogenesis and characteristics of drug eruption induced by Chinese patent medicine for providing some referential materials on prevention and treatment of drug eruption. METHODS: Clinical data of 162 patients suffered from drug eruption were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Most the drug eruption (161 times/case, accounting for 99.4%) belonged to the mild type; injection was the dominating dosage-form for inducing drug eruptions (87 times/case, 53.7%); most of the cases occurred when drugs were used in combination (106 times/case, 65.4%); and few of the patients (14 times/case, 8.6%) had drug eruption for the first time. CONCLUSION: Prevention of drug eruption could be realized by way of learning more relevant knowledge, cautiousl accepting the Chinese herbal injection, avoiding drug combination, as well as inquiry for the history of drug application of patients in detail.