Nomogram predicts risk of perineural invasion based on serum biomarkers for pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a fatal tumor, and the status of perineural invasion (PNI) of pancreatic cancer was positively related to poor prognosis including overall survival and recurrence-free survival. This study aims to develop and validate a predictive model based on serum biomarkers to accurately predict the perineural invasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patients from No.924 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force were included. The predictive model was developed in the training cohort using logistic regression analysis, and then tested in the validation cohort. The area under curve (AUC), calibration curves and decision curve analysis were used to validate the predictive accuracy and clinical benefits of nomogram. RESULTS: A nomogram was developed using preoperative total bilirubin, preoperative blood glucose, preoperative CA19-9. It achieved good AUC values of 0.753 and 0.737 in predicting PNI in training and validation cohorts, respectively. Calibration curves showed nomogram had good uniformity of the practical probability of PNI. Decision curve analyses revealed that the nomogram provided higher diagnostic accuracy and superior net benefit compared to single indicators. CONCLUSION: The present study constructed and validate a novel nomogram predicted the PNI of resectable PHAC patients with high stability and accuracy. Besides, it could better screen high-risk probability of PNI in these patients, and optimize treatment decision-making.

ncRNA-mediated upregulation of FAM83A is associated with poor prognosis and immune infiltration in pancreatic cancer.

Introduction: Malignant pancreatic cancer has poor long-term survival. Increasing evidence shows that FAM83A (family with sequence similarity 83 member A) plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and malignant progression in some human cancer types. The present study explored the potential mechanism of FAM83A in improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. Methods: Transcriptomic and clinical data from patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas while FAM83A expression was measured in tumorous pancreatic tissue compared with normal controls by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: FAM83A is a vital prognostic indicator and potential oncogene in pancreatic cancer via pan-cancer analysis. In silico analysis revealed that AL049555.1/hsa-miR-129-5p axis was the pivotal upstream ncRNA- mediated pathway of FAM83A in pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, FAM83A expression was related to immune cell infiltration through vital immune-related genes including programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1), and tumorigenesis through common mutation genes including KRAS protooncogene GTPase (KRAS), and SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4). In summary, ncRNA-mediated upregulation of FAM83A is associated with poor long-term survival and immune cell infiltration in pancreatic cancer. Discussion: FAM83A may be used as a novel survival-related and immune-related biomarker. This information suggests that FAM83A may be a novel therapeutic target for combined or individual treatment for patients with pancreatic cancer.

Pygo1 Regulates the Behavior of Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer via the Wnt/ß-Catenin Pathway.

Abnormal activation of the classical Wnt pathway has been reported in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously. Pygo family genes, the core regulators of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, were also reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. However, the role of the homolog Pygo1 in human lung cancer remains unclear. In the current study, we demonstrated an association of increased Pygo1 expression with consistent high nuclear ß-catenin signals across pathological tissue samples of early-stage human NSCLC. Overexpression of Pygo1 in lung cancer cells resulted in enhanced G1/S cell phase transformation, reduced apoptosis, and increased cell proliferation. These changes were accompanied by the downregulation of cell cycle-related proteins, such as RB, p16, p53, and p27Kip1, and increased expression of CyclinE1. Migration, wound healing, and colony formation assays revealed that Pygo1 overexpression enhanced the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells, increased the formation of clones, and suppressed E-cadherin expression. In addition, overexpression of Pygo1 in lung cancer cells led to an increase of ß-catenin/TCF4 complex, as well as upregulated expression of target genes of ß-catenin. In vivo experiments also revealed that Pygo1 overexpression promoted the tumorigenicity of a xenograft tumor model, while Wnt inhibition partially blocked the effect of Pygo1 overexpression. In conclusion, Pygo1 affects human NSCLC via the canonical Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, which provides new clues for lung cancer pathology.

Investigation of the Physical Mechanism of Acoustic Attenuation in Viscous Isotropic Solids.

The traditional acoustic attenuation coefficient is derived from an analogy of the attenuation of an electromagnetic wave propagating inside a non-ideal medium, featuring only the attenuation of wave propagation. Nonetheless, the particles inside viscous solids have mass, vibrating energy, viscosity, and inertia of motion, and they go through transient and damping attenuation processes. Based on the long-wavelength approximation, in this paper, we use the energy conservation law to analyze the effect of the viscosity of the medium on acoustic attenuation. We derive the acoustic attenuation coefficient by combinations of the dynamical equation of a solid in an acoustic field with conventional longitudinal wave propagation under a spring oscillator model. Considering the attenuation of propagating waves and the damping attenuation of particle vibration, we develop a frequency dispersion relation of phase velocity for the longitudinal wave propagating inside viscous solid media. We find that the acoustic impulse response and vibrational system function depends on the physical properties of the viscous solid media and their internal structure. Combined with system function, the impulse response can be an excellent tool to invert the physical properties of solids and their internal structures. We select a well-known rock sample for analysis, calculate the impulse response and vibrational system function, and reveal new physical insight into creating acoustic attenuation and frequency dispersion of phase velocity. The results showed that the newly developed acoustic attenuation coefficients enjoy a substantial improvement over the conventional acoustic attenuation coefficients reported in the literature, which is essential for industrial applications; so are the dispersion characteristics.

Understanding the physical mechanism of intrinsic noise inside viscous isotropic solids.

We report acoustic impulse-response and system function of particle vibration inside viscous, dense solids and explain the physical mechanism of intrinsic-noise generation. With an external disturbance of a harmonic force acting on particles inside viscous solid media, the system of particle vibration goes through a gradual transition from a static state to a steady harmonic vibrational state. Based on the damped oscillator model, the transition frequency spectrum resembles the intrinsic noise generated by vibrating particles in viscous isotropic solids, which delivers a crucial understanding for applications to invert stratum characteristics around the drilled oil well and its abnormal geological structure.

"OBE" Concept for New Training Mode of Electronic Information Science and Technology Professionals under Big Data Analysis.

As an educational concept based on learning output, OBE (Outcome-Based Education) is student-centered and emphasizes students' personal progress and learning achievement. Based on BD (big data) analysis, this paper proposes a new talent training mode for the electronic information science and technology specialty. This model employs BD analysis technology to examine the correlation index between social demand and talent cultivation, based on the employment situation of students in the country in previous years. The teaching reform was carried out under the OBE concept, and a new training scheme was formed. Training objectives, graduation requirements, curriculum system, and continuous improvement mechanism were all determined. This paper proposes an algorithm for determining the degree of similarity between the knowledge required by the organization and the knowledge held by its employees. The person with the highest similarity is identified as the training candidate by the algorithm, and the training candidate is then trained according to the knowledge that the organization requires. Talent training in the field of electronic information science and technology has yielded positive results.

Pygo1 regulates pathological cardiac hypertrophy via a ß-catenin-dependent mechanism.

Wnt/ß-catenin signaling plays a key role in pathological cardiac remodeling in adults. The identification of a tissue-specific Wnt/ß-catenin interaction factor may provide a tissue-specific clinical targeting strategy. Drosophila Pygo encodes the core interaction factor of Wnt/ß-catenin. Two Pygo homologs (Pygo1 and Pygo2) have been identified in mammals. Different from the ubiquitous expression profile of Pygo2, Pygo1 is enriched in cardiac tissue. However, the role of Pygo1 in mammalian cardiac disease is yet to be elucidated. In this study, we found that Pygo1 was upregulated in human cardiac tissues with pathological hypertrophy. Cardiac-specific overexpression of Pygo1 in mice spontaneously led to cardiac hypertrophy accompanied by declined cardiac function, increased heart weight/body weight and heart weight/tibial length ratios, and increased cell size. The canonical ß-catenin/T-cell transcription factor 4 (TCF4) complex was abundant in Pygo1-overexpressing transgenic (Pygo1-TG) cardiac tissue, and the downstream genes of Wnt signaling, that is, Axin2, Ephb3, and c-Myc, were upregulated. A tail vein injection of ß-catenin inhibitor effectively rescued the phenotype of cardiac failure and pathological myocardial remodeling in Pygo1-TG mice. Furthermore, in vivo downregulated pygo1 during cardiac hypertrophic condition antagonized agonist-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, our study is the first to present in vivo evidence demonstrating that Pygo1 regulates pathological cardiac hypertrophy in a canonical Wnt/ß-catenin-dependent manner, which may provide new clues for tissue-specific clinical treatment via targeting this pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we found that Pygo1 is associated with human pathological hypertrophy. Cardiac-specific overexpression of Pygo1 in mice spontaneously led to cardiac hypertrophy. Meanwhile, cardiac function was improved when expression of Pygo1 was interfered in hypertrophy-model mice. Our study is the first to present in vivo evidence demonstrating that Pygo1 regulates pathological cardiac hypertrophy in a canonical Wnt/ß-catenin-dependent manner, which may provide new clues for a tissue-specific clinical treatment targeting this pathway.

TRIM45 Suppresses the Development of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Previously, we first identified the human tripartite motifcontaining protein 45 (TRIM45) acts as a novel transcriptional repressor in mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. After that, the inhibitory role of TRIM45 in the development of tumor was gradually unveiled. However, the function of TRIM45 in the tumorigenesis of lung cancer has not been characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we found that TRIM45 was up-regulated in earlystage human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. Overexpression of TRIM45 in lung cancer cells induces G1 arrest and promotes apoptosis, which accompanied by upregulated expression of RB, p16, p53, p27Kip1, and Caspase3 and down-regulated expression of CyclinE1 and CyclinE2. Further detection of the expression of the molecules in the MAPK signaling pathway revealed that overexpression of TRIM45 in lung cancer cells promotes phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) activation and inhibits phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) activation. In accordance with this, p-p38 is increased while p-ERK is decreased in lung cancer tissues. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that TRIM45 plays an inhibitory role in the tumorigenesis of lung cancer. High-level expression of TRIM45 in lung cancer tissue may promote cell apoptosis by activating p38 signal and inhibit proliferation by down-regulating p-ERK, which provides a new clue for understanding the tumorigenesis of lung cancer.

[Microvascular decompression for the hemifacial spasm with endoscopy].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of the endoscopy in the operation of microvascular decompression (MVD) for the hemifacial spasm by approach of postauricular suboccipital to the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) with posterior auricular small incision. METHOD: Two hundred and eighty-six cases of hemifacial spasm had received the operation of MVD with endoscopy by approach of postauricular suboccipital to the CPA. RESULT: Responsible blood vessels were found in 285 cases (99.7 percent), including 264 cases of anterior inferior cerebellar artery, 21 cases of basilar artery. The root entry zone of the facial nerve were completely decompressed with Teflon. There is no responsible blood vessels but adhesion in 1 cases (0.3 percent). After surgery, hemifacial spasm immediately disappeared. House-Brackmann(1985) grading system was used to evaluated the recovery of facial nerve function. After 1 week of operation 196 cases' facial nerve function are stage 1/6, 62 cases' are stage 2/6, 23 cases' are stage 3/6, 4 cases' are stage 4/6, 1 cases' is stage 5/6. And after Six months of operation, 274 cases' are stage 1/6, 10 cases' are stage 2/6, 2 cases' are stage 3/6. After 1 month of operation there is no significant change of hearing in 238,there are 35 cases of hearing loss less than 20 dB, 10 cases of hearing loss more than 20 dB, but less than 50 dB,3 cases of hearing loss more than 50 dB. Ear-nose cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in 2 cases are cured. During 1 year to 4 years following-up, only 3 (1.0 percent) preliminary suffered relapse,among which 1 case was cured by the secondary operation. The long term cure rate was 99.3 percent without occurrence of serious complications such as death. CONCLUSION: The microneurosurgery of MVD for the treatment of hemifacial spasm is an ideally functional and etiotropic operation. It is useful not only to discover the responsible blood vessels which are regarded as those pressing the root entry zone of facial nerve,but also to protect the function of the brain tissue and nerves as well. It is a safe, minimally invasive and efficient operation. To avoid the complications, enough knowledge of the craniotopography and skilled technique of endoscopic operation are primary.

[Remov ing the tumor of the cerebellopontile angle with microsurgery to treat the secondary trigeminal neuralgia].

OBJECTIVE: In order to explore the relationship between the tumor of cerebellopontile angle(CPA) and trigeminal neuralgia and to select the surgical treatment. METHOD: With retrosigmoidal approach, the tumors of CPA were removed in 56 patients with the tumor of CPA and coexisting trigeminal neuralgia. The trigeminal nerves were decompressed with microsurgery. RESULT: All tumors were totally removed except one meningcoma which was removed by only 2/3 parts. Post-operatively, trigeninal neuralgia disappeared with no cases of severe complications or death. CONCLUSION: The pressure to the root of trigeminal nerve which comes from the tumor of CPA may be one of the etiologies of trigeminal neuralgia, which could be treated with the removal of the tumor of CPA. The micrurgy of removing the tumor with retrosigmoidal approach is an ideal functional operation. The application of endoscope could increase the rate of total removement and reduce the complications.