Real-world data of China: Analysis of HPV vaccine coverage and post-vaccination adverse reaction monitoring in Western Chinese provinces from 2018 to 2021.

To investigate the HPV vaccine coverage and post-vaccination adverse reactions in Gansu Province, Western China, from 2018 to 2021. Data on suspected adverse reactions to HPV vaccines were collected from the Chinese Vaccine Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI). Estimate the incidence rates of Common Adverse Reaction and Rare Adverse Reaction. HPV vaccine coverage among females in different age groups was calculated using data from the Gansu Provincial Immunization Information Platform. The first-dose HPV vaccine coverage rate among females aged 9 to 45 was 2.02%, with the lowest rate of less than 1% observed in females aged 9 to 14. From 2018 to 2021, the incidence rates of Common Adverse Reaction and Rare Adverse Reaction reported in females after HPV vaccination were 11.82 and 0.39 per 100,000 doses, respectively. Common Adverse Reaction included fever (5.52 per 100,000 doses), local redness and swelling (3.33 per 100,000 doses), fatigue (3.15 per 100,000 doses), headache (2.76 per 100,000 doses), as well as local induration and nausea/vomiting (1.97 per 100,000 doses). Adverse reactions mainly occurred within 1 day after vaccination, followed by 1 to 3 days after vaccination. The HPV vaccine coverage rate among females aged 9 to 14 in Gansu Province is remarkably low, and there is an urgent need to enhance vaccine coverage. From 2018 to 2021, the incidence of Adverse reaction Following Immunization HPV vaccination fell within the expected range, indicating the vaccine's safety profile.

Identification TRIM46 as a Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Through Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analyses.

Background: Tripartite motif containing 46 was initially identified as the oncogene in several human tumors. However, the clinical value and potential functions of tripartite motif containing 46 (TRIM46) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remained largely unclear. Methods: The expressing patterns, clinical involvement, and prognostic values of TRIM46 were analyzed using the data obtained from TCGA and GEO databases. A nomogram was constructed to examine the outcome of patients with ccRCC. We estimated the association between TRIM46 with tumor immunity in ccRCC. Results: Tripartite motif containing 46 was highly expressed in ccRCC, and its upregulation revealed an unfavorable prognosis. A nomogram based on TRIM46 expressions and other independent prognostic factors could robustly predict the overall survival of tumor patients. TRIM46 has a strong positive correlation with NUMBL, CACNB1, THBS3, ROBO3, MAP3K12, ANKRD13D, PIF1, PRELID3A, ANKRD13B, and PCNX2. Mechanically, TRIM46 displayed regulatory functions in ccRCC progression via several tumor-associated pathways. Besides, we observed that TRIM46 was distinctly related to tumor immunity in ccRCC. Conclusions: Our findings provide a novel tumor promotive role regarding TRIM46 function in the malignant progression of ccRCC.

Dynamics of Early Serum Tumour Markers and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predict Response to PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the dynamics of early serum tumour markers (STMs) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to predict clinical efficacy and prognosis of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who received programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with advanced NSCLC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors between September 2017 and August 2020. NLR and STMs were routinely measured between immunotherapy initiation and the first radiological evaluation. A combination score based on the leading STM and NLR and their dynamic changes was established. The effects of leading STM change, NLR change, and the combination score on the objective response rate (ORR), durable clinical benefit (DCB), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analysed. The accuracy of the combination score was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: Overall, 124 patients were included in this retrospective cohort study. The ORR was 22.8%, DCB was 54.5%, and the median OS and PFS were 21.6 and 14.9 months, respectively. Patients with low combination scores had a significantly improved ORR and DCB compared with those with intermediate or high scores (P = 0.002 for ORR, P < 0.0001 for DCB). In a multivariate model, the combination score was an independent indicator of PFS (P < 0.0001) and OS (P < 0.0001). The AUC demonstrated that the combination score (AUC = 0.706) has greater predictive power than either the posttreatment NLR (AUC = 0.668) or the leading STM change (AUC = 0.648) alone. CONCLUSION: An easy, cost-effective, and novel combination score based on the dynamics of an early STM and the NLR can accurately predict the clinical efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and prognosis in advanced NSCLC patients.

[Effects of Intercropping of Brassica chinenesis L. and Tagetes patula L. on the Growth and Cadmium Accumulation of Plants].

A pot experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of intercropping a low-cadmium (Cd) accumulating cultivar and a Cd hyperaccumulator on the safe utilization and phytoextraction of Cd-polluted soils. Two cultivars of Brassica chinensis L. (the low-Cd accumulating cultivar Huajun, and the common cultivar Hanlü), were intercropped with four cultivars of Tagetes patula L. (Dwarf Red, Dwarf Yellow, Tall Red, and Tall Yellow). We examined the biomass, photosynthetic characteristics, and Cd accumulation in the plants and available Cd content and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in the soils. The results show that under the intercropping treatments, the biomass of B. chinensis decreased significantly and those of T. patula increased significantly, compared with the monoculture treatments. When intercropped with T. patula, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate in the leaves of B. chinensis decreased significantly, compared with the monoculture treatments. When Huajun was intercropped with Dwarf Red, the shoot Cd content of Huajun significantly decreased by 14.5%, and that of Dwarf Red increased significantly by 36.5% compared with the monoculture. Under the other intercropping treatments, the shoot Cd content of B. chinensis increased significantly, or showed no significant change, and that of T. patula showed no significant change. Under the intercropping treatments, the total amount of Cd in the shoot of B. chinensis decreased significantly, and that of T. patula increased significantly, compared with the monoculture. There were no significant differences in the Cd extraction ratios between the intercropping treatments and the monoculture of T. patula. The shoot Cd content of B. chinensis was significantly correlated with soil available Cd content and DOC content (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). In conclusion, the intercropping treatment of Huajun and Dwarf Red significantly reduced shoot Cd content in B. chinensis and increased that in T. patula, and it did not affect the Cd extraction ratio. This is suitable for the safe utilization and phytoextraction of Cd-polluted soils.

[Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Chicken Manure Organic Fertilizers in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region and related Environmental Risk Assessment].

One hundred and twenty types of chicken manure organic fertilizer samples were collected from five provinces and two cities in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, to investigate heavy metal content, fractionation, and environmental risk through toxicity characteristic leaching procedures. Results showed that content of heavy metals in chicken manure organic fertilizer varied greatly, in the order of Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd. When compared with the standard for organic manure, ratios of Cd, As, and Pb exceeded the standard by 6.7%, 47.05%, and 14.28%, respectively. Moreover, the content of heavy metals varied significantly in different provinces. Cd and Zn in organic manure fertilizers were mainly Fe and Mn oxide-bound fractions, accounting for 37.3% and 43.79%, respectively. However, the proportion of residual fractions of Pb, organically-bound fractions of Cu, and exchangeable forms of As were higher. Contents of TCLP-Zn,-Cu,-Cd,-Pb and-As in organic manure were 41.11, 33.3, 0.07, 1.25, and 0.21 mg·kg-1, respectively. The number of samples in which Zn and Pb in organic manure exceeded the standard was 6 and 5, respectively, with these mainly obtained from Hebei and Jiangsu provinces. There was a significant correlation between total content of Zn, Cu, Cd, and As in organic manure and content of TCLP (P<0.05). Based on an annual manure application rate of chicken manure of 15 t·hm-2, safe application of chicken manure is in the order of Henan > Tianjin > Anhui=Shandong=Jiangsu > Hebei > Beijin.

[Effect of Foliar Zinc Application on Bioaccessibility of Cadmium and Zinc in Pakchoi].

Two cultivars of pakchoi with different cadmium (Cd) accumulation were grown in nutrient solutions containing low and sufficient zinc (Zn) levels. ZnSO4 and ZnNa2 EDTA were applied as foliar fertilizers. The bioaccessibilities of Cd and Zn in pakchoi were assessed by the in vitro digestion method, and the bioaccessible established daily intakes (BEDI) of Cd and Zn from pakchoi were calculated. The effect of foliar zinc application on concentrations, bioaccessibilities, and BEDIs of Cd and Zn in pakchoi was evaluated. Results show that the Cd concentrations in shoots of the tested pakchoi cultivars under sufficient Zn condition were significantly lower than those under low Zn condition, and foliar application of ZnNa2 EDTA significantly decreased the Cd concentrations of pakchoi. The tested pakchoi cultivars with sufficient Zn had a significantly higher mean shoot Zn concentration than those with low Zn. Foliar Zn treatments significantly increased shoot Zn concentrations of pakchoi, with the highest in the ZnSO4 treatment. Cd bioaccessibility in the tested pakchoi cultivars with sufficient Zn was significantly lower than that with low Zn. Foliar applied Zn could significantly reduce Cd bioaccessibility in the gastric phase, with a maximal reduction of 35.81% compared to the control. Foliar treatment with ZnSO4 could significantly decrease Cd bioaccessibility in the small intestinal phase, with a maximal reduction of 59.24% compared to the control. Foliar Zn treatments reduced significantly the Zn bioaccessibility of pakchoi in the gastric and small intestinal phases, with a maximal reduction of 68.90% compared to the control. The reduction of Zn bioaccessibility was higher in the ZnSO4 treatment than in the ZnNa2 EDTA treatment. Via the consumption of the Cd-contaminated common cultivar Hanlv, the BEDI values of Cd were higher than that of the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) standard of WHO [0.83 µg·(kg·d)-1]. However, via the consumption of the low-Cd accumulating cultivar Huajun or pakchoi with foliar application of ZnSO4, the BEDI values of Cd decreased significantly and were below the PTDI value. Via the consumption of pakchoi in the control or low-level ZnNa2 EDTA treatments, the BEDI values of Zn were below that of the recommended nutrient intake for Zn. However, via the consumption of pakchoi with foliar application of ZnSO4 or high-level ZnNa2 EDTA, the BEDI values of Zn were higher than that of the recommended nutrient intake and met the human needs for Zn from vegetables. Under the ZnSO4 treatment, the BEDI values of Zn from pakchoi were the highest. In conclusion, foliar zinc application could significantly reduce the bioaccessibilities of Cd and Zn in pakchoi and the BEDI values of Cd and increase the BEDI values of Zn. Foliar application with ZnSO4 was the most suitable treatment to reduce Cd intake and increase Zn intake from pakchoi.

[Immobilization remediation of Cd and Pb contaminated soil: remediation potential and soil environmental quality].

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the immobilization remediation effects of sepiolite on soils artificially combined contamination by Cd and Pb using a set of various pH and speciation of Cd and Pb in soil, heavy metal concentration in Oryza sativa L., and soil enzyme activity and microbial quantity. Results showed that the addition of sepiolite increased the soil pH, and the exchangeable fraction of heavy metals was converted into Fe-Mn oxide, organic and residual forms, the concentration of exchangeable form of Cd and Pb reduced by 1.4% - 72.9% and 11.8% - 51.4%, respectively, when compared with the control. The contents of heavy metals decreased with increasing sepiolite, with the maximal Cd reduction of 39.8%, 36.4%, 55.2% and 32.4%, respectively, and 22.1%, 54.6%, 43.5% and 17.8% for Pb, respectively, in the stems, leaves, brown rice and husk in contrast to CK. The addition of sepiolite could improve the soil environmental quality, the catalase and urease activities and the amount of bacteria and actinomycete were increased to some extents. Although the fungi number and invertase activity were inhibited compared with the control group, it was not significantly different (P > 0.05). The significant correlation between pH, available heavy metal content, urease and invertase activities and heavy metal concentration in the plants indicated that these parameters could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of stabilization remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.

[Adsorption of Cd2+ on biochar from aqueous solution].

Biomass-based materials such as biochar have a good performance in heavy metal adsorption. The adsorption of Cd2+ on biochar converted from cotton straw was studied. Adsorption isotherm, kinetics and effect factors such as temperature, pH and ionic strength were investigated. The adsorption of Cd2+ on biochar can be fitted by the Freundlich isotherm better than the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption amounts of Cd2+ at different temperatures were 9.738 mg x g(-1) (288.15 K), 10.14 mg x g(-1) (298.15 K), 10.40 mg x g(-1) (308.15 K) and 10.71 mg x g(-1) (318.15 K), respectively. The free energies AG(theta) were from -8.346 kJ x mol(-1) to -10.276 kJ x mol(-1) at different temperatures, indicating that the adsorption of Cd2+ onto biochar is spontaneous and is an endothermic process. The adsorption process can reach equilibrium within 40 minutes and can be fitted by the pseudo second order kinetic model. pH showed a significant effect on the adsorption of Cd2+ on biochar in the range of 2-8. The adsorption amount of Cd2+ on biochar shows a reducing trend with the increasing ionic strength.

[Preventive effect of low-dose carvedilol combined with candesartan on the cardiotoxicity of anthracycline drugs in the adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of low-dose carvedilol combined with candesartan in the prevention of acute and chronic cardiotoxicity of anthracycline drugs in adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. METHODS: Forty patients were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group with chemotherapy plus low-dose carvedilol combined with candesartan (20 cases) and control group with chemotherapy alone (20 cases). The same chemotherapy was given to the two groups. All the 40 patients had no contraindication for carvedilol and candesartan. Patients of the experimental group received low-dose carvedilol from 2.5 mg orally twice a day at first cycle to 5 mg twice a day gradually if no side reactions, and candesartan 2.5 mg orally once a day. Electrocardiogram, ultrasonic cardiogram, arrhythmia, troponin and non-hematologic toxicity were recorded and compared after the second, forth and sixth cycle of chemotherapy. Each cycle included 21 days. RESULTS: LVEF was decreased along with the prolongation of chemotherapy in the experimental group and control group. LVEDD and LVESD showed no significant changes in the experimental group, but gradually increased in the control group. After four and six cycles of chemotherapy, LVEF were (57.00 ± 5.13)% and (45.95 ± 3.68)%, respectively, in the control group, significantly lower than that of (67.00 ± 5.13)% and (57.50 ± 2.57)%, respectively, in the experimental group (P < 0.05). After six cycles of chemotherapy, LVEDD and LVESD were (50.00 ± 10.48) mm and (35.01 ± 2.99) mm, respectively, in the control group, significantly higher than those before chemotherapy (P < 0.05) and experimental group (P < 0.001). The rate of ST segment and T wave abnormalities was 80.0% in the control group after six cycles of chemotherapy, significantly higher than that of 25.0% after four cycles of chemotherapy (P = 0.001) and 10.0% after two cycles of chemotherapy (P < 0.001). The reduction of QRS voltage, arrhythmia and abnormal troponin were 55.0%, 45.0% and 45.0%, respectively, in the control group, significantly higher than those in the experimental group (20.0%, P < 0.05), (10.0%, P = 0.010) and (10.0%, P < 0.05), respectively. The rate of abnormal expression of troponin was 45.0% in the control group, significantly higher than the 10.0% in the experimental group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of low-dose carvedilol combined with candesartan can reduce the acute and chronic cardiotoxicity of anthracycline drugs, and with tolerable toxicities. This may provide a new approach to prevent cardiotoxicity of anthracycline drugs in adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer.

[Autologous cytokine-induced killer cells therapy on the quality of life of patients with breast cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy: a prospective study].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of autologous cytokine-induced killer cells on the quality of life in patient with breast cancer who have already finished the adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-eight postoperative patients with breast cancer who underwent anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in this prospective study, and they were randomized into 2 groups, i.e., treatment group, which received the therapy of CIK cells transfusion, and control group, which was given regular follow-up. Meanwhile, patients with positive hormone receptor in the two groups were given endocrine therapy, and the patients with positive axillary lymph nodes were given radiotherapy to the chest wall and regional lymph nodes. The difference of quality of life between the two groups was analyzed according to the EORTC QLQ-BR53 quality of life questionnaire, and the adverse reactions were monitored. RESULTS: As regarding the functional evaluation, the physical function scores of patients of the treatment group were (83.43 ± 14.87) and (88.55 ± 11.62) at 3 and 6 months after the CIK cell therapy, respectively, significantly higher than the baseline value [(74.83 ± 13.82), P < 0.05)]. Global health status/QOL scores were (83.30 ± 19.09) and (89.68 ± 10.81), significantly higher than the baseline value [(77.72 ± 21.05), P < 0.05]. As regarding symptoms, the scores of fatigue, nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite of patients in the treatment group were higher than the baseline value, with significant differences (P < 0.05). The nausea and vomiting scores in the control group at 3 and 6 months of followed-up were (26.67 ± 22.56) and (21.47 ± 21.06), significantly lower than the baseline values [(33.31 ± 27.07), P < 0.05]. The scores of worrying about the future in the patients of treatment group were (47.56 ± 30.84) and (42.33 ± 26.95) after 3 and 6 months, significantly better than the baseline value [(57.41 ± 30.63), P < 0.05]. The systematic therapy side effects scores were (31.95 ± 27.52) and (23.72 ± 22.87), significantly better than the baseline value [(40.56 ± 26.28), P < 0.05]. The scores of arm edema were (45.26 ± 25.42) and (36.61 ± 20.51), significantly milder than the baseline value [(55.11 ± 22.82), P < 0.05]. In the control group, the scores of arm edema were (44.85 ± 28.94) and (38.64 ± 23.68), significantly lower than the baseline values [(53.26 ± 23.84) points, P < 0.05]. Alopecia scores were (29.93 ± 24.72) and (24.18 ± 22.66), significantly lower than the baseline values [(35.92 ± 22.08), P < 0.05]. In the treatment group, the patients' physical function, social function and global health status/QOL, fatigue, insomnia, and worrying about the future rates were significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05 for all). Three patients after CIK reinfusion had transient fever, and 6 cases felt pain in the lower limb, but the symptoms were relieved after symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Therapy of autologous CIK cells transfusion can significantly improve the quality of life of breast cancer patients, and the adverse reactions during the treatment can be alleviated by symptomatic treatment.

[Effect and mechanism of immobilization of cadmium and lead compound contaminated soil using new hybrid material].

The effect of new hybrid material and its compound treatments with phosphate on immobilization of cadmium and lead in contaminated soil was investigated using a pot-culture experiment, and the immobilization mechanism of hybrid material was clarified through analysis of heavy metal fractions, sorption equilibration experiment and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The single treatments of hybrid material could not significantly promote growth of Brassica chinensis, while the compound treatments of hybrid material and phosphate markedly increased dry biomass of shoots and roots, with maximal increases of 75.53% and 151.22%, respectively. Different hybrid material treatments could significantly reduce Cd and Pb concentrations in shoots, with maximal reductions of 66.79% and 48.62%, respectively, and the compound amendment treatments appeared more efficient than the single amendment treatments in reducing Cd and Pb uptake of B. chinensis. Different hybrid material treatments could significantly decrease concentrations of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) extractable Cd and Pb, and the compound hybrid material treatments appeared more efficient than the single treatments in reducing TCLP extractable Cd and Pb. Through the formation of bidentate ligand between metal ions and surface sulfhydryl by complexing reaction, the hybrid material could absorb and fix mobile fractions of Cd and Pb in soil, and promote transformation of acid extractable Cd and Pb into residual fraction, resulting in significant reduction of heavy metals bioavailability and mobility and then fixing remediation of contaminated soil. In summary, the compound treatment of hybrid material and phosphate is the most effective treatment for immobilization of Cd and Pb in contaminated soils, and the hybrid material inactivates Cd and Pb in soil mainly through special chemical adsorption.

[Effects of acid and heating treatments on the structure of sepiolite and its adsorption of lead and cadmium].

The effects of acid and heating treatment on the structure of sepiolite and its adsorption capacities for Pb2+ and Cd2+ were investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, surface area analyses and batch sorption experiments in this paper. The results showed that the BET surface area of the sepiolite samples grew with increase concentrations of HCl and prolong treatment time and no obvious structural changes were observed. CaCO3 as the impurity in the natural sepiolite can not be removed completely in the treatment process with 0.5 mol x L(-1) HCl. The surface area of sepiolite treated with 6 mol x L(-1) HCl and continuous stirring 72 h reached the maximum 301.47 m2 x g(-1). A decrease in the BET surface area was observed for the samples treated with acid at higher temperature. The BET surface area of samples treated with different acid species arranged in the order HCl > HNO3 > H2SO4. The calcinations process decreased the BET surface area from 21.44 m2 x g(-1) at 100 degrees C to 0.17 m2 x g(-1) at 900 degrees C. The adsorption results indicated that despite increases in the surface areas upon acid activation, improvements in the adsorption were not observed for heavy metal Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions. Pb2+ ions have higher affinity for specific adsorption onto the sepiolite samples than Cd2+ ions. H2SO4 treatment was found to be more effective for the removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions than HCl and HNO3 treatments. It is apparent that PbSO4 and CdSO4 were formed during the sorption process. The calcinations treatment exhibited no significant effects on the adsorption of Pb2+ ions onto sepiolite, but the adsorption of Cd2+ ions obviously increased above 700 degrees C.