The performance of Carbohydrate Antigen 125-Thomsen-nouveau and anti-Müllerian hormone combined with CA125, Human epididymis protein 4 and Risk of Malignancy Algorithm in diagnosis for patients with Epithelial ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVES: We examined the blood concentrations of Carbohydrate Antigen 125-Thomsen-nouveau (CA125-Tn) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients to evaluate their potential diagnostic utility together with CA125, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and Risk of Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA). DESIGN & METHODS: 50 healthy subjects, 45 EOC patients, 22 patients with borderline ovarian tumors (BOT), 21 patients with benign ovarian tumor (BET) and 45 patients with chocolate cyst of ovary (CCO) were studied. Blood levels of CA125, HE4, CA125-Tn and AMH were measured, and the ROMA value was calculated. We compared the differences in the levels of these biomarkers among groups. Additionally, a total of 10 testing strategies were established for comparison to maximize the diagnostic value. RESULTS: The levels of CA125, HE4, CA125-Tn and ROMA value were significantly higher in EOC group compared with either the disease control (DC) group (BOT group, BET group and CCO group) or healthy control (HC) group (p < 0.001). In addition, they had better discriminatory performance with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) 0.93; 0.93; 0.93; 0.85, respectively (p < 0.001) compared with the AUC value of AMH 0.67 (p < 0.001). Among all 10 testing strategies, both single-positive of ROMA and double-positive of any 2 markers showed better Youden index (0.82, 0.79, respectively) and kappa value (κ) (0.82, 0.81, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CA125-Tn and AMH can be treated as useful biomarkers of EOC when combined with CA125, HE4 and ROMA, because when any two biomarkers of them are positive, the value of EOC diagnosis is maximized.

Changes in the Serum Concentrations of Essential Trace Metals in Patients with Benign and Malignant Breast Cancers.

Essential trace metals (ETMs) may play important roles in the pathophysiology of benign and malignant breast cancers. Our study aimed to find associations between ETMs and benign and malignant breast cancers. We recruited 146 patients with benign (n = 73) and malignant (n = 73) breast tumors and 95 healthy controls (HCs) from Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China. The serum concentrations of seven ETMs (Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, and Mo) were evaluated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The serum concentrations of Zn were significantly lower in the malignant group than in the HC group, whereas the concentrations of Cu (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the malignant group. The concentrations of Fe were significantly lower in both malignant and benign groups than in the HC group (p < 0.05). We observed that the Fe/Cu ratio was lower and the Cu/Ni ratio was higher in the malignant group than in the HCs, as well as in the benign group than in the HCs. The serum concentration of Fe (OR = 0.454; 95% CI, 0.263, 0.784; p = 0.005) was negatively associated with breast tumors after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, BMI, and smoking, drinking and menopause statuses; that of Cu (OR = 2.274; 95% CI, 1.282, 4.031; p = 0.005) was positively associated. Changes in the concentrations of ETMs (Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni) may be involved in the development of malignant breast cancer. The findings provide foundations for further exploration of ETMs in the prevention and treatment of breast tumors.

The Correlation Between Potential "Anti- Cancer" Trace Elements and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study in a Chinese Population.

BACKGROUNDS: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease without clear pathogenesis and effective primary prevention. The "anti-cancer" effects of several trace elements have received increasing attention in recent years. The main purpose of current study is to explore the differences of three potential "anti-cancer" trace elements selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and strontium (Sr) between patients with malignant breast tumors and healthy controls. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study in 45 patients with malignant breast tumors as cases and 95 healthy volunteers as controls from Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China. The serum concentrations of trace elements were evaluated by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS: The cases may have a lower Se levels when compared with controls (cases: 106.22 ng/ml, SD: 20.95 ng/ml; controls: 117.02 ng/ml, IQR: 22.79 ng/ml, p = 0.014). High levels of Se were a protective factor from breast cancer after adjusting the potential confounders of age, BMI, smoking, drinking, and menopause status (OR = 0.395, 95% CI, 0.178, 0.877, p = 0.023). The levels of Sr were lower in cases with high histologic grade when compared to low histologic grade (low histologic grade: 49.83 ng/ml, IQR: 41.35-62.60 ng/ml; high histologic grade: 40.19 ng/ml, IQR: 39.24-47.16 ng/ml, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings herein supported that Se has protective effects to avoid malignant breast tumors and Sr has protective effects to avoid poorly differentiated malignant breast tumors. Exploring "anti-cancer" related trace elements and their associations with breast cancer will assist for the early prevention and intervention for the disease.

Comparison and evaluation of Abbott chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay and ChIVD light-initiated chemiluminescent assay in the detection of Treponema pallidum antibody.

BACKGROUND: Laboratory tests play an important role in the diagnosis of syphilis. This study aimed to compare and assess the performance of the Abbott chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and the ChIVD light-initiated chemiluminescent assay (LICA) in the detection of Treponema pallidum (TP) antibody. METHODS: A total of 10 498 serum samples were detected with two assays, and the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) methods were used for confirmation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the Abbott CMIA and ChIVD LICA were calculated. The coincidence rate between two assays was also evaluated. The causes of false positive and false negative of two assays were studied. RESULTS: For the Abbott CMIA and ChIVD LICA, the sensitivity was 94.44% and 98.15%, the specificity was 99.89% and 99.81%, the positive predictive value was 93.29% and 88.83%, and the negative predictive value was 99.91% and 99.97%, respectively. The coincidence rate between Abbott CMIA and ChIVD LICA was 99.26%, and κ value was .790. The disease of infertility, hypertensive disease, liver disease, and cancer were the common causes of false positive in both assays, while infertility was also the main reason lead to false negative. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that the Abbott CMIA and ChIVD LICA generally had high sensitivity and specificity and therefore may be suitable for the detection of TP antibody and screening for syphilis.

Diagnostic performance of 14-3-3η and anti-carbamylated protein antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis in Han population of Northern China.

OBJECTIVES: As we already know, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cannot be excluded when the rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP) is negative. Here, we determined the application value of 14-3-3η protein, anti-carbamylated proteins antibodies (anti-CarP), as well as their potential role to diagnose RA together with RF or anti-CCP. METHOD: Serum levels of anti-CCP, RF, 14-3-3η and anti-CarP antibodies were detected in 291 RA patients, 223 patients with autoimmune diseases except RA, and 156 healthy subjects recruited from Han population of Northern China. We examined the differences in the levels of these indicators among groups and compared the correlations between any two of the indicators. At the same time, a total of 12 testing strategies were established for comparison to maximize the diagnostic value. RESULT: The levels of RF, anti-CCP, anti-CarP and 14-3-3η were significantly higher in RA patients (12.5;[9.36-15.7], 30.7;[25.7-35.6], 1.90;[1.70-2.01], 15.8;[10.8-20.8], respectively) compared with either interference-control group (1.24;[1.07-1.41], 0.64;[0.42-0.86], 0.51;[0.46-0.57], 0.33;[0.23-0.44], respectively) (p < 0.0001) or healthy-control group (1.03;[0.99-1.08], 0.49;[0.38-0.59], 0.28;[0.21-0.35], 0.55;[0.27-0.85], respectively) (p < 0.0001). Among all 12 detection strategies, the YI and κ value of a novel strategy that either double-positive of any 2 markers or single-positive of anti-CCP can be diagnosed as RA had the highest diagnostic value. CONCLUSION: The results of our study demonstrated that in Han population of Northern China, anti-CarP antibodies and 14-3-3η protein can be treated as valuable indicators of RA, especially when combined with RF and anti-CCP, the detection value is maximized.

The analyzation and clinical evaluation of ECLIA and CMIA in the detection of Treponema pallidum.

To evaluate the clinical application value of electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer (ECLIA) and chemiluminescent magnetic microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) in the detection of Treponema pallidum (TP).A total of 1225 patients in Peking University Third Hospital was enrolled from June 2014 to October 2014. ECLIA and CMIA were applied to detect the serum anti-TP. The positive rate was analyzed. RIBA was taken as a golden standard to evaluate the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value, and the accuracy of ECLIA and CMIA. A correlation analysis between 2 assays was conducted, and that between assay and RIBA. We also evaluate the clinical value of TPPA in the detection of T pallidum.The positive rate of CMIA and ECLIA is 10.63% and 9.89%, respectively, showing no statistically significant difference (P > .05). For CMIA, ECLIA, and TPPA, the sensitivity is 99.16%, 99.16%, and 99.16%, the specificity is 98.99%, 99.82%, and 100%, the positive predictive value is 91.47%, 98.33%, and 100%, the negative predictive value is 99.91%, 99.91%, and 99.91%, the coincidence rate is 99.01% (Kappa = 0.895), 99.75% (Kappa = 0.997), and 99.92% (Kappa = 0.998), respectively.The result shows high correlation between ECLIA and CMIA. Both have high sensitivity and specificity and can be used as screening tests for the diagnosis of T pallidum in common condition.