RESUMEN
The antimicrobial peptide piscidin (PCD)-1 has been reported to have antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions. Here, we investigated the anti-neuropathic properties of PCD-1, in order to determine its potential as a compound to alleviate pain. Treatment with PCD-1 suppressed the inflammatory proteins COX-2 and iNOS in murine macrophage (RAW264.7) and microglial (BV2) cell lines stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For studies of the effect of PCD-1 in vivo, mononeuropathy in rats was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI), and the resulting anti-nociceptive behaviors were compared between CCI controls and CCI rats given intrathecal injections of PCD-1. Much like gabapentin, PCD-1 exerts anti-nociceptive effects against thermal hyperalgesia, with a median effective dose (ED50) of 9.5 µg in CCI rats. In CCI rats, PCD-1 exerted effects against mechanical and cold allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and weight-bearing deficits. Furthermore, CCI-mediated activation of microglia and astrocytes in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord were decreased by PCD-1. In addition, PCD-1 suppressed up-regulation of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (phospho-mTOR) in CCI rats. Finally, CCI-induced down-regulation of transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) in rats was attenuated by injection of PCD-1. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate that the marine antimicrobial peptide PCD-1 has anti-nociceptive effects, and thus may have potential for development as an alternative pain-alleviating agent.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/farmacología , Proteínas de Peces/farmacología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/química , Astrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peces/química , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Microglía/efectos de los fármacos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Based on a simple deconvolution model of multi-layer interfaces, the reasons of wave number variation of the interfacial echo signal were analyzed to explore a method for feature recognition of the superficial soft tissue interfaces. The interfacial echo signal data were decomposed and reconstructed by Mallat multisolution analysis, with the number of the reconstructed interface signal as the feature. The results showed that the deconvolution model was effective for extracting the interface echo signal features in the superficial soft tissue and allowed identification and location of tissue defects.
