[Immuno-nutrition in intensive care and emergency surgery].

The aim of the study is the improvement of nutritional support by immuno nutrition of patients, who are in critical conditions. The data on the impact of immuno active mixes (on the example of the mixture of Impact) on the immune and inflammatory response. In this, the number of postoperative infectious complications have been reliably decreased, the duration of the stay in the Department of R&IT and the hospital has been dicresed in whole, the cost of treatment in comparison with the use of standard schemes of patients with surgical and oncological profile has been significantly reduced.

[Analysis of the international recommendations for parenteral and enteral nutrition in critical conditions (evidence-based medicine)].

A comparative analysis of current practical recommendations on parenteral (PN) and enteral (EN) Nutrition in critical conditions, developed based on research evidence ASPEN/SCCM (USA), ESPEN (Europe) and SSGP (Canada) along with the similarity found a number of differences in major issues (raised levels of research necessary for the class of recommendations, t he need for and terms of use of PN, glycemic control, achieving the target level of EN), and private (indirect calorimetry, of the EN, the use of individual substrates in PN) as well. The differences make it difficult to select recommendations for use in clinical practice. Over 50% of practical advices are lower grade (based on expert opinion). Difficulties associated with implementation of evidence-based research, different theoretical and practical traditions and resource capabilities in the field of PN and EN in different countries, are the basis for their further harmonization and the development of national best practices in Russia.

[Mixtures for enternal nutrition in Russia (literature review)].

The article provides a history of research in the field of enteral nutrition, history of the mixtures for tube alimentation. Also presented classification of the present mixtures for enteral introduction, as well as a characteristic of each of them.

[Improvement of infusion-transfusion therapy in a multidisciplinary emergency care hospital]. / Sovershenstvovanie infuzionno-transfuzionnoi terapii v mnogoprofil'nom statsionare skoroi meditsinskoi pomoshchi.

The article deals with the analysis of works of S.S. Yudin's students and followers devoted to scientific practical and scientific-organizational research into optimization of infusion-transfusion therapy in emergency service hospitals in emergency states: multiple and combined trauma, the crush syndrome, burns, exogenous poisoning, and pyoseptic complications in surgical and traumatological practice. The principles of transfusion media rationing in an emergency service hospital, particularly in mass admission of patients and accident victims, are substantiated. The medico-economical efficacy of including infusion-transfusion therapy in complex treatment of emergency conditions is shown.

[Enteral correction in gastroduodenal hemorrhage of peptic ulcer etiology]. / Enteral'naia korrektsiia pri gastroduodenal'nykh krovotecheniiakh iazvennoi étiologii.

Among 115 patients with gastroduodenal hemorrhage 60 received nonoperative treatment, 30 of them underwent enteral correction with a monomer electrolyte solution. Emergency operation was carried out on 55 patients, 35 of them were subjected to enteral correction in the postoperative period. Enteral administration of the monomer electrolyte solution in the early posthemorrhagic and postoperative periods promoted filling up of the blood circulation volume and its components and stabilization of the values of central hemodynamics. It was established on grounds of the clinical data, studies of the volemic indices and central hemodynamics that enteral correction does not yield to the traditional intravenous infusion-transfusion therapy in efficacy.

[Computerized assessment of the efficacy of parenteral and enteral tube nutrition]. / Izpol'zovanie vychislitelnoi tekhniki dlia otsenki éffektivnosti parenteral'nogo i énteral'nogo zondovogo pitaniia.

The results are presented of the mathematical program "Artificial Feeding" that has been developed for the evaluation of the nutrition status and effectiveness of parenteral and enteral tube nutrition. On the basis of the combination of anthropometric, biochemical and immunological parameters the program makes possible a dynamic follow-up of the patient's nutrition status, calculation of nitrogen, electrolyte and water balances, and determination of the requirements in energy and protein preparations for artificial feeding.

[Features of the hydrolysis and transport of nutrients in the proximal and distal portions of the jejunum]. / Osobennosti gidroliza i transporta nutrientov v proksimal'nom i distal'nom uchastkakh toshchei kishki.

In polyfistulae dogs, deceleration of protein hydrolysis, of nitrogen, potassium and water absorption in the ileum distal portion as compared with the proximal one seems to be associated with own abilities of the distal areas for nutrients hydrolysis and transport rather than with their evacuatory activity. Different ways of creating polycomponent mixtures for administration into the ileum distal areas, are discussed.

[Potential for using a protein-based enteral feeding formula as nutrient mixtures in transintestinal nutrition]. / O vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniia pitatel'nykh smesei na osnove énpita dlia transintestinal'nogo pitaniia.

Chronic experiments on semi-fistula dogs with temporal-isolated parts of the small bowel were made to study the rate of nitrogen, glucose, lipid, sodium, potassium, calcium and water absorption from protein enteral nutrition and nutritive mixtures prepared on its basis. It was established that a nutritive mixture based on 10% protein enteral nutrition with additives in the form of fatty emulsion and sodium chloride was quite suitable for transintestinal administration. The increase of the concentration of protein enteral nutrition administered transintestinally or its preliminary hydrolysis by gastric juice resulted in the enhancement of evacuatory function of the small bowel.

[Role of sorbed enzymes in the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances from the chyme]. / O roli sorbirovannykh fermentov v perevarivanii i vsasyvanii pitatel'nykh veshchestv khimusa.

In poly--fistula dogs, a significant suppression of the fermentative hydrolysis and of the absorption ability was revealed in excluded from the digestion intestinal loops. The experiments showed that suppression of the cave enzyme sorption in the area of wall digestion was the factor slowing down the flow of feeding substances from the enteral milieau.