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In the last decade, several studies have demonstrated Cutibacterium acnes colonization in intervertebral discs (IVDs) in patients with lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) and low back pain (LBP), but the meaning of these findings remains unclear. Being aware of this knowledge gap, we are currently conducting a prospective analytical cohort study with LBP and LDD patients undergoing lumbar microdiscectomy and posterior fusion. The IVDs samples collected during the surgeries are subjected to a stringent analytical protocol using microbiological, phenotypic, genotypic, and multiomic techniques. Additionally, pain-related scores and quality-of-life indexes are monitored during patient follow-up. Our preliminary results for 265 samples (53 discs from 23 patients) revealed a C. acnes prevalence of 34.8%, among which the phylotypes IB and II were the most commonly isolated. The incidence of neuropathic pain was significantly higher in the colonized patients, especially between the third and sixth postoperative months, which strongly suggests that the pathogen plays an important role in the chronicity of LBP. The future results of our protocol will help us to understand how C. acnes contributes to transforming inflammatory/nociceptive pain into neuropathic pain and, hopefully, will help us to find a biomarker capable of predicting the risk of chronic LBP in this scenario.
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Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) and low back pain (LBP) are two conditions that are closely related. Several studies have shown Cutibacterium acnes colonization of degenerated discs, but whether and how these finding correlates with LBP is unknown. A prospective study was planned to identify molecules present in lumbar intervertebral discs (LLIVD) colonized by C. acnes in patients with LDD and LBP and correlate them with their clinical, radiological, and demographic profiles. The clinical manifestations, risk factors, and demographic characteristics of participants undergoing surgical microdiscectomy will be tracked. Samples will be isolated and pathogens found in LLIVD will be characterized phenotypically and genotypically. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of isolated species will be used to phylotype and detect genes associated with virulence, resistance, and oxidative stress. Multiomic analyses of LLIVD colonized and non-colonized will be carried out to explain not only the pathogen's role in LDD, but also its involvement in the pathophysiology of LBP. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (CAAE 50077521.0.0000.5258). All patients who agree to participate in the study will sign an informed consent form. Regardless of the study's findings, the results will be published in a peer-reviewed medical journal. Trials registration number NCT05090553; pre-results.
Asunto(s)
Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral , Disco Intervertebral , Dolor de la Región Lumbar , Humanos , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/genética , Multiómica , Estudios Prospectivos , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/genética , Propionibacterium acnes/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of preoperative joint aspiration (PJA) and periarticular tissue percutaneous biopsy (PTPB), as well as their combination, in the diagnosis of infection after total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: This cross-sectional study (Level of Evidence II) was conducted with prospective data on 29 patients submitted to PJA with PTPB at the National Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology from September 2015 to January 2016. Specimens obtained during the procedures underwent microbiological analyses, and the results were compared with those obtained in subsequent revision arthroplasty surgeries. RESULTS: PJA, PTPB, and their combination reached values of 78%, 73%, 89% for sensitivity, respectively; 72%, 90%, 94% for specificity; and 76%, 80%, 90% for accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: PJA combined with PTPB was sensitive, specific, and effective in diagnosing periprosthetic hip infection. Level of Evidence II, Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a sensibilidade, especificidade, acurácia, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo dos métodos diagnósticos aspirado articular pré-operatório (AAPO), biópsia percutânea de tecidos periarticulares (BPTP) e ambos associados na infecção pós-artroplastia total de quadril (IPATQ). MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal (Nível de Evidência II) com coleta prospectiva de dados obtidos de 29 pacientes submetidos a AAPO com BPTP no Instituto Nacional de Ortopedia e Traumatologia durante o período de setembro de 2015 à janeiro de 2016. Foram comparados os resultados das análises microbiológicas dos espécimes obtidos por meio da BPTP e do AAPO com os obtidos intraoperatoriamente nas cirurgias subsequentes de revisão das artroplastias. RESULTADOS: Encontramos uma sensibilidade da AAPO, BPTP e ambos, respectivamente de 78%, 73%, 89%, uma especificidade de 72%, 90%, 94% e uma acurácia de 76%, 80%, 90%. CONCLUSÕES: O procedimento de AAPO com BPTP para diagnóstico de infecção periprotética de quadril é sensível, específico e eficaz. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo Transversal Prospectivo.
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Staphylococcus spp. and Cutibacterium acnes are members of the skin microbiome but can also act as pathogens. Particularly, Staphylococcus species are known to cause medical devices-associated infections, and biofilm production is one of their main virulence factors. Biofilms allow bacteria to adhere and persist on surfaces, protecting them from antimicrobials and host defenses. Since both bacteria are found in the human skin, potentially competing for niches, we aimed to investigate if C. acnes produces molecules that affect Staphylococcus spp. biofilm formation and dispersal. Thus, we evaluated the impact of C. acnes cell-free conditioned media (CFCM) on S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. hominis, and S. lugdunensis biofilm formation. S. lugdunensis and S. hominis biofilm formation was significantly reduced with C. acnes CFCM without impact on their planktonic growth. C. acnes CFCM also significantly disrupted S. hominis established biofilms. The active molecules against S. lugdunensis and S. hominis biofilms appeared to be distinct since initial characterization points to different sizes and sensitivity to sodium metaperiodate, although the activity is highly resistant to heat in both cases. Mass spectrometry analysis of the fractions active against S. hominis revealed several potential candidates. Investigating how species present in the same environment interact, affecting the dynamics of biofilm formation, may reveal clinically useful compounds as well as molecular aspects of interspecies interactions.
Asunto(s)
Antibiosis , Medios de Cultivo Condicionados , Propionibacteriaceae , Staphylococcus , Antibiosis/fisiología , Biopelículas , Medios de Cultivo Condicionados/farmacología , Humanos , Propionibacteriaceae/química , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidisRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of preoperative joint aspiration (PJA) and periarticular tissue percutaneous biopsy (PTPB), as well as their combination, in the diagnosis of infection after total hip arthroplasty. Methods: This cross-sectional study (Level of Evidence II) was conducted with prospective data on 29 patients submitted to PJA with PTPB at the National Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology from September 2015 to January 2016. Specimens obtained during the procedures underwent microbiological analyses, and the results were compared with those obtained in subsequent revision arthroplasty surgeries. Results: PJA, PTPB, and their combination reached values of 78%, 73%, 89% for sensitivity, respectively; 72%, 90%, 94% for specificity; and 76%, 80%, 90% for accuracy. Conclusions: PJA combined with PTPB was sensitive, specific, and effective in diagnosing periprosthetic hip infection. Level of Evidence II, Prospective Cross-Sectional Study
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a sensibilidade, especificidade, acurácia, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo dos métodos diagnósticos aspirado articular pré-operatório (AAPO), biópsia percutânea de tecidos periarticulares (BPTP) e ambos associados na infecção pós-artroplastia total de quadril (IPATQ). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal (Nível de Evidência II) com coleta prospectiva de dados obtidos de 29 pacientes submetidos a AAPO com BPTP no Instituto Nacional de Ortopedia e Traumatologia durante o período de setembro de 2015 à janeiro de 2016. Foram comparados os resultados das análises microbiológicas dos espécimes obtidos por meio da BPTP e do AAPO com os obtidos intraoperatoriamente nas cirurgias subsequentes de revisão das artroplastias. Resultados: Encontramos uma sensibilidade da AAPO, BPTP e ambos, respectivamente de 78%, 73%, 89%, uma especificidade de 72%, 90%, 94% e uma acurácia de 76%, 80%, 90%. Conclusões: O procedimento de AAPO com BPTP para diagnóstico de infecção periprotética de quadril é sensível, específico e eficaz. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo Transversal Prospectivo.
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BACKGROUND: The present study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials using bisphosphonates for bone demineralization in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed from January 2004 to January 2020 considering the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (LS) as the main outcome. Out of 214 titles that met criteria, 9 studies fulfilled the selection criteria. RESULTS: A total of 394 patients were identified, and they were allocated into 2 groups: the intervention group (200 patients), to whom a combination of alendronate or zoledronate with calcium and vitamin D was administered; and control group (194 patients), to whom only calcium and vitamin D was administered. Clinical profile and indicators of bone metabolism of the participants were evaluated regarding effect size, homogeneity, and consistency. No substantial heterogeneity between the groups was found for the baseline variables, and there was high consistency to the main outcome. The meta-analysis shows a significant difference in post-treatment BMD, favoring the intervention over the control treatment. The intervention improved LS density up to 0.227 g/cm², raising the average to the levels of general population. Adverse effects related to intervention were fever immediately after zoledronate administration and gastrointestinal complaints during alendronate usage. Other adverse effects were barely reported and poorly connected to intervention by studies' authors, despite all of them have been successfully resolved. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that BMD post-treatment is better in HIV patients who used bisphosphonates combined with calcium and vitamin D.
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INTRODUCTION: Clostridium baratii is rarely associated with human diseases. Infection is usuallcaused by ingestion of contaminated food, and infant botulism is the most common clinical presentation. CASE REPORT: Here we report a case of pneumonia by a non-toxigenic strain of C. baratii in an Alzheimer 70-year-old male with sepsis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The micro-organism was identified by phenotypical tests, mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), DNA amplification (PCR) and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Testing for the presence of botulinum F toxin was made using multiplex PCR. Bioassay for a large number of colonies was performed in mice to evaluate the production of any lethal toxin, but the results were negative. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, there are no cases of C. baratii infection reported in Brazil and we highlight the importance of anaerobic lab tests in the standard routine of diagnosis.