Amebiasis in a backyard red-foot tTortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria)

Background: Amebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by obligate or facultative amoeboid protozoans, as well as freeliving forms. The genus Entamoeba includes both pathogenic and commensal species that can affect humans and animals.Entamoeba histolytica is the most important species associated with intestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans,while Entamoeba invadens is considered the most common and serious pathogen to many reptile species, including lizards, snakes and crocodilians. The aim of this manuscript is to report a case of amebiasis in a backyard red-foot tortoisein northeastern Brazil.Case: A 10-month-old male red-foot tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) was presented at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Campina Grande for necropsy with a 1-week history of anorexia,apathy, and reluctance to move. According to the owner, the animal suffered from heat stress in the backyard, where it washoused with another male red-foot tortoise. At post-mortem examination, there were approximately 1 mL of yellowishviscous transudate in the coelomic cavity. The liver was large, with rounded edges and multifocal to coalescing yellowishareas in the subcapsular surface. When cut, the parenchyma was more friable and yellowish. At the opening of the smallintestine, the mucosa was thickened, reddened, and contained many variably sized, dark red ulcers with depressed andhemorrhagic centers. Histopathology of the liver reveals diffuse macro and microvacuolar degeneration of the hepatocytecytoplasm, often displacing the nucleus peripherally (fatty degeneration). There were extensive and multifocal areas ofnecrosis characterized by shrunken, hypereosinophilic and pyknotic hepatocytes. Amebic trophozoites were seen throughthe areas of necrosis and degeneration and the morphological features were suggestive of the genus Entamoeba. In theportal triads...(AU)

Amebiasis in a backyard red-foot tTortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria)

Background: Amebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by obligate or facultative amoeboid protozoans, as well as freeliving forms. The genus Entamoeba includes both pathogenic and commensal species that can affect humans and animals.Entamoeba histolytica is the most important species associated with intestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans,while Entamoeba invadens is considered the most common and serious pathogen to many reptile species, including lizards, snakes and crocodilians. The aim of this manuscript is to report a case of amebiasis in a backyard red-foot tortoisein northeastern Brazil.Case: A 10-month-old male red-foot tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) was presented at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Campina Grande for necropsy with a 1-week history of anorexia,apathy, and reluctance to move. According to the owner, the animal suffered from heat stress in the backyard, where it washoused with another male red-foot tortoise. At post-mortem examination, there were approximately 1 mL of yellowishviscous transudate in the coelomic cavity. The liver was large, with rounded edges and multifocal to coalescing yellowishareas in the subcapsular surface. When cut, the parenchyma was more friable and yellowish. At the opening of the smallintestine, the mucosa was thickened, reddened, and contained many variably sized, dark red ulcers with depressed andhemorrhagic centers. Histopathology of the liver reveals diffuse macro and microvacuolar degeneration of the hepatocytecytoplasm, often displacing the nucleus peripherally (fatty degeneration). There were extensive and multifocal areas ofnecrosis characterized by shrunken, hypereosinophilic and pyknotic hepatocytes. Amebic trophozoites were seen throughthe areas of necrosis and degeneration and the morphological features were suggestive of the genus Entamoeba. In theportal triads...

Uso de cerclagem e resina acrílica na osteossíntese mandibular em equino / Use of cerclage and acrylic resin on mandibular osteosynthesis in horses: case report / Uso de cerclaje y resina acrílica en la osteosintesis mandibular en equino: relato de caso

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de fratura mandibular em um cavalo Quarto de milha com 8 meses de idade, atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos-PB. O animal havia fratura a mandíbula após pular a parede da baia e bater com a boca no solo. No exame físico o animal apresentava parâmetros clínicos dentro dos valores de referência para espécie, porém, notou-se região de dentes incisivos presa apenas por um segmento de mucosa. O exame de raio-x foi utilizado para confirmar existência de fratura completa no espaço interdental da mandíbula, afetando os dois ramos da mandíbula, caudal às raízes dos dentes incisivos. Optou-se pelo uso de cerclagem e aplicação de resina acrílica na osteossíntese mandibular. O procedimento cirúrgico ocorreu em decúbito lateral mediante sedação e manutenção na anestesia geral inalatória, além de bloqueio local. Após a cirurgia foi feita administração de antibióticos, analgésico, anti-inflamatório, alimentação líquida enriquecida com suplementos e limpeza com antissépticos bucais. Houve consolidação total da fratura permitindo o retorno da capacidade de apreensão dos alimentos.

The present study aims to report a case of mandibular fracture in a quarter-mile horse at 8 months of age, attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos-PB. The animal had fractured its jaw after it had jumped from the bay wall and hit its mouth on the ground. In the physical examination, the animal presented clinical parameters within the reference values for the species, however, it was observed a region of incisor teeth held only by a segment of mucosa. The x-ray examination was used to confirm the existence of a complete fracture in the interdental space of the mandible, affecting the two branches of the mandible, caudal to the roots of the incisor teeth. The use of cerclage and application of acrylic resin in mandibular osteosynthesis was chosen. The surgical procedure was performed in lateral decubitus by means of sedation and maintenance in general inhalation anesthesia, in addition to local blockade. After surgery, administration of antibiotics, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, liquid feeding enriched with supplements and cleaning with oral antiseptics were dane. There was total consolidation of the fracture allowing the return of the food seizure capacity.

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo relatar un caso de fractura mandibular en un caballo Cuarto de Milla con 8 meses de edad, atendido en el Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad Federal de Campina Grande,Patos-PB. El animal había fracturado la mandíbula después de saltar la pared de la bahía y golpear con la boca en el suelo. En el examen físico el animal presentaba parámetros clínicos dentro de las valores de referencia paraespecie, sin embargo, se notó región de dientes incisivos presa só por un segmento de mucosa. El examen de rayo-x se utilizó para confirmar la existencia de fractura completa en el espacio interdental de la mandíbula,afectando las dos ramas de la mandíbula, caudal a las raíces de las dientes incisivos. Se optó por el uso decerclaje y aplicación de resina acrílica en la osteosíntesis mandibular. El procedimiento quirúrgico ocurrió endecúbito lateral mediante sedación y mantenimiento en la anestesia general inhalatoria, además de bloqueo local. Después de la cirugía se efectuó la administración de antibióticos, analgésico, anti-inflamatorio, alimentación líquida enriquecida con suplementos y limpieza con antisépticos bucales. Se produjo una consolidación total deIa fractura permitiendo el retorno de la capacidad de aprehensión de Ias alimentos.

Uso de cerclagem e resina acrílica na osteossíntese mandibular em equino / Use of cerclage and acrylic resin on mandibular osteosynthesis in horses: case report / Uso de cerclaje y resina acrílica en la osteosintesis mandibular en equino: relato de caso

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de fratura mandibular em um cavalo Quarto de milha com 8 meses de idade, atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos-PB. O animal havia fratura a mandíbula após pular a parede da baia e bater com a boca no solo. No exame físico o animal apresentava parâmetros clínicos dentro dos valores de referência para espécie, porém, notou-se região de dentes incisivos presa apenas por um segmento de mucosa. O exame de raio-x foi utilizado para confirmar existência de fratura completa no espaço interdental da mandíbula, afetando os dois ramos da mandíbula, caudal às raízes dos dentes incisivos. Optou-se pelo uso de cerclagem e aplicação de resina acrílica na osteossíntese mandibular. O procedimento cirúrgico ocorreu em decúbito lateral mediante sedação e manutenção na anestesia geral inalatória, além de bloqueio local. Após a cirurgia foi feita administração de antibióticos, analgésico, anti-inflamatório, alimentação líquida enriquecida com suplementos e limpeza com antissépticos bucais. Houve consolidação total da fratura permitindo o retorno da capacidade de apreensão dos alimentos.(AU)

The present study aims to report a case of mandibular fracture in a quarter-mile horse at 8 months of age, attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos-PB. The animal had fractured its jaw after it had jumped from the bay wall and hit its mouth on the ground. In the physical examination, the animal presented clinical parameters within the reference values for the species, however, it was observed a region of incisor teeth held only by a segment of mucosa. The x-ray examination was used to confirm the existence of a complete fracture in the interdental space of the mandible, affecting the two branches of the mandible, caudal to the roots of the incisor teeth. The use of cerclage and application of acrylic resin in mandibular osteosynthesis was chosen. The surgical procedure was performed in lateral decubitus by means of sedation and maintenance in general inhalation anesthesia, in addition to local blockade. After surgery, administration of antibiotics, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, liquid feeding enriched with supplements and cleaning with oral antiseptics were dane. There was total consolidation of the fracture allowing the return of the food seizure capacity.(AU)

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo relatar un caso de fractura mandibular en un caballo Cuarto de Milla con 8 meses de edad, atendido en el Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad Federal de Campina Grande,Patos-PB. El animal había fracturado la mandíbula después de saltar la pared de la bahía y golpear con la boca en el suelo. En el examen físico el animal presentaba parámetros clínicos dentro de las valores de referencia paraespecie, sin embargo, se notó región de dientes incisivos presa só por un segmento de mucosa. El examen de rayo-x se utilizó para confirmar la existencia de fractura completa en el espacio interdental de la mandíbula,afectando las dos ramas de la mandíbula, caudal a las raíces de las dientes incisivos. Se optó por el uso decerclaje y aplicación de resina acrílica en la osteosíntesis mandibular. El procedimiento quirúrgico ocurrió endecúbito lateral mediante sedación y mantenimiento en la anestesia general inhalatoria, además de bloqueo local. Después de la cirugía se efectuó la administración de antibióticos, analgésico, anti-inflamatorio, alimentación líquida enriquecida con suplementos y limpieza con antisépticos bucales. Se produjo una consolidación total deIa fractura permitiendo el retorno de la capacidad de aprehensión de Ias alimentos.(AU)

Structure-based analysis of A19D, a variant of transthyretin involved in familial amyloid cardiomyopathy.

Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric beta-sheet-rich protein. Its deposits have been implicated in four different amyloid diseases. Although aggregation of the wild-type sequence is responsible for the senile form of the disease, more than one hundred variants have been described thus far, most of which confer a more amyloidogenic character to TTR, mainly because they compromise the stability of the protein in relation to monomer formation, which upon misfolding is intrinsically aggregation-prone. We report the case of a Brazilian patient suffering from a severe cardiomyopathy who carries a rare mutation in exon 2 of the TTR gene that results in an Ala to Asp substitution at position 19 (A19D). The putative pathogenic mechanisms of this variant were analyzed in silico. We constructed a structural model for the A19D tetramer from which its thermodynamic stability was compared to that displayed by the V30M (more amyloidogenic than WT-TTR) and T119M (non-amyloidogenic) variants. The FoldX force field predicted that A19D and V30M are 10.88 and 8.07 kCal/mol less stable than the WT-TTR, while T119M is 5.15 kCal/mol more stable, which is consistent with the aggregation propensities exhibited by these variants. We analyzed the step in which the tetramer-dimer-monomer-unfolded monomer equilibrium might contribute the most to the increased or decreased amyloidogenicity in each variant. Our results suggest that the concentration of four non-native negative charges occur inside thyroxine-binding channels, and the loss of contacts at both the tetrameric and dimeric interfaces would account for an overall decreased stability of the tetramer and the consequent enhanced amyloidogenicity of the A19D variant. As far as we know, this is the first description of a non-V30M mutation in Brazil.