International Consensus on Standard Outcome Measures for Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Consensus Statement.

Importance: The use of evidence-based standardized outcome measures is increasingly recognized as key to guiding clinical decision-making in mental health. Implementation of these measures into clinical practice has been hampered by lack of clarity on what to measure and how to do this in a reliable and standardized way. Objective: To develop a core set of outcome measures for specific neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), communication disorders, specific learning disorders, and motor disorders, that may be used across a range of geographic and cultural settings. Evidence Review: An international working group composed of clinical and research experts and service users (n = 27) was convened to develop a standard core set of accessible, valid, and reliable outcome measures for children and adolescents with NDDs. The working group participated in 9 video conference calls and 8 surveys between March 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022. A modified Delphi approach defined the scope, outcomes, included measures, case-mix variables, and measurement time points. After development, the NDD set was distributed to professionals and service users for open review, feedback, and external validation. Findings: The final set recommends measuring 12 outcomes across 3 key domains: (1) core symptoms related to the diagnosis; (2) impact, functioning, and quality of life; and (3) common coexisting problems. The following 14 measures should be administered at least every 6 months to monitor these outcomes: ADHD Rating Scale 5, Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale, or Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale IV; Affective Reactivity Index; Children's Communication Checklist 2; Colorado Learning Disabilities Questionnaire; Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire; Developmental-Disability Children's Global Assessment Scale; Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire; Family Strain Index; Intelligibility in Context Scale; Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale or Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised and Social Responsiveness Scale; Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scales; and Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. The external review survey was completed by 32 professionals and 40 service users. The NDD set items were endorsed by more than 70% of professionals and service users in the open review survey. Conclusions and Relevance: The NDD set covers outcomes of most concern to patients and caregivers. Use of the NDD set has the potential to improve clinical practice and research.

Clinical and Epidemiological Assessment of Children and Adolescents Hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 in the Pre-Amazon Region.

INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2 infection usually presents similarly to other respiratory viral pathogens. Children and adolescents do not present as a group that is highly affected by the disease, having low infection rates. However, limited publications are associated with the findings of pneumonia in pediatric patients with COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological aspects of children and adolescents hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 in a pre-Amazon region. METHODS: A retrospective study, carried out in four public hospitals in São Luís, Brazil where medical records of children and adolescents aged from 0 to 13 years, of both sexes, with clinical diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia were evaluated from March 2020 to March 2021. RESULTS: Almost 40.0% of children were aged between 1 year and 5 years. Of the 128 children who had SARS-CoV-2, 3 are of indigenous ethnicity. Additionally, 78.6% of the children had fever and there was no significant difference between COVID-19 patients and those of other respiratory viruses. Eighteen patients had chronic neurological disease, which is the most common comorbidity observed in patients with coronavirus infection. Ground glass opacity attenuation was observed in 24.8% of children and adolescents with COVID-19. Anemia and increased inflammatory response markers were related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. More than 90.0% of patients admitted to hospital, regardless of etiology, were treated with antibiotics. Eighteen patients died. Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PMIS) was diagnosed in 17 patients. CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents is mild, but the condition of patients with PMIS is more serious, with an increase in inflammatory biomarkers which can lead to death. Therefore, rapid diagnosis and differentiation of agents causing respiratory diseases are necessary for better therapeutic decision making, since the results of this study make us question the excessive use of antibiotics without meeting well-defined clinical-epidemiological criteria.

Lipid Metabolism Modulation during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Spotlight on Extracellular Vesicles and Therapeutic Prospects.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a significant impact on the pathophysiological processes associated with various diseases such as tumors, inflammation, and infection. They exhibit molecular, biochemical, and entry control characteristics similar to viral infections. Viruses, on the other hand, depend on host metabolic machineries to fulfill their biosynthetic requirements. Due to potential advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradation, and efficient immune activation, EVs have emerged as potential therapeutic targets against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies on COVID-19 patients have shown that they frequently have dysregulated lipid profiles, which are associated with an increased risk of severe repercussions. Lipid droplets (LDs) serve as organelles with significant roles in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis as well as having a wide range of functions in infections. The down-modulation of lipids, such as sphingolipid ceramide and eicosanoids, or of the transcriptional factors involved in lipogenesis seem to inhibit the viral multiplication, suggesting their involvement in the virus replication and pathogenesis as well as highlighting their potential as targets for drug development. Hence, this review focuses on the role of modulation of lipid metabolism and EVs in the mechanism of immune system evasion during SARS-CoV-2 infection and explores the therapeutic potential of EVs as well as application for delivering therapeutic substances to mitigate viral infections.

Five new species of Apobaetis Day (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) and updated key to nymphs.

This study focuses on the Baetidae family of Ephemeroptera, particularly the Pan-American genus Apobaetis Day, 1955, in Brazil. Baetidae is the second richest family in this order, with over 1100 species globally. Although extensively studied in Brazil, there is still a considerable Linnean deficit, emphasizing the need for further exploration and identification. This research reveals that in-depth studies of specific groups often lead to the discovery of new species and corrections to existing records, enhancing the accuracy of identification. We conducted a detailed study of Apobaetis resulting in the identification of five new species: A. dalcolmoae sp. nov., A. danielae sp. nov., A. nisiae sp. nov., A. sabinoae sp. nov., and A. trivellae sp. nov., each described here from nymphs and distinguished by specific morphological features. The study provides detailed comparisons with existing species, emphasizing characteristics such as maxillary palp, paraproct, glossa shape, and setae presence. We also propose an updated identification key to aid in the recognition of all Apobaetis species known in the nymphal stage. We also address the distribution of certain species in Brazil, pointing out potential misidentifications and the need for further revision. In conclusion, the research expands the known species within Apobaetis to 22. The findings underscore the importance of continuous taxonomic studies for accurate species identification and pave the way for future evolutionary research within this genus.

Influencias del mundo y el cuerpo en la sexualidad del adulto mayor / Influences exerted by the world and the body on older adults' sexuality

Introducción: La sexualidad es una dimensión humana poco atendida por las ciencias de la salud pese a la necesidad de cuidado expresada por los adultos mayores. Objetivo: Describir el significado de la sexualidad del adulto mayor desde la influencia del mundo y el cuerpo. Método: Estudio fenomenológico guiado por los conceptos de la Fenomenología de la percepción de Merleau Ponty, realizado en una ciudad del centro de México en grupos de adultos mayores. Muestreo intencional con criterios de selección: adulto mayor con capacidad de comunicación verbal conservada, sin deterioro cognitivo (≥24 puntos en Mini Examen del Estado Mental) y con capacidad de decisión jurídica, participaron 16 adultos mayores, considerando criterio de saturación de información. Se realizaron entrevistas fenomenológicas virtuales analizadas con el método fenomenológico de Giorgi. Se respetaron los criterios éticos y de rigor cualitativo. Resultados: A partir de las unidades de significado identificadas surgieron tres temas: 1) Mundo vivido del adulto mayor; 2) Posibilidades del cuerpo actual; 3) Estereotipos y prejuicios sobre la sexualidad del adulto mayor. Conclusiones: La sexualidad del adulto mayor está influida por el contexto donde se desenvuelve y por las experiencias vividas al respecto a lo largo de toda su vida. Las enfermedades y limitaciones físicas afectan la sexualidad del adulto mayor y dificultan su expresión, en este mismo sentido. Los estereotipos y prejuicios que existen sobre la sexualidad en la sociedad y en la familia condicionan la expresión sexual y obliga a la represión de la sexualidad por el mismo adulto mayor (AU)

Introduction: Despite the care need expressed by older adults, sexuality is a human dimension that is hardly addressed by Health Sciences. Objective: To describe the meaning of older adults' sexuality based on the influence exerted by the world and the body. Method: A phenomenological study guided by the concepts of Merleau Ponty's Phenomenology of Perception, conducted in a city from central Mexico with groups of older adults. Intentional sampling with the following selection criteria: older adults with preserved verbal communication ability, with no cognitive decline (≥24 points in the Mini-Mental State Examination), and with legal decision capacity; the participants were 16 older adults, considering the data saturation criterion. Virtual phenomenological interviews were conducted, analyzed according to Giorgi's phenomenological method. The ethical and qualitative rigor criteria were respected. Results: Three topics emerged from the units of meaning identified, namely: 1) The world as experienced by older adults; 2) Possibilities of the current body; and 3) Stereotypes and preconceptions about older adults' sexuality. Conclusions: Older adults' sexuality is influenced by the context where they interact and by the experiences underwent in this aspect throughout their lives. Diseases and physical limitations affect aged people's sexuality and hinder its expression; in this same sense, the stereotypes and preconceptions about sexuality existing in society and in the family condition sexual expression and force older adults themselves to repress their sexuality (AU)

Gestão do cuidado à pessoa idosa hospitalizada: perspectiva da enfermagem gerontológica / Care management for hospitalized elderly: perspective of gerontological nursing / Gestión del cuidado del anciano hospitalizado: perspectiva de la enfermería gerontológica

Objetivo: analisar a gestão do cuidado à pessoa idosa hospitalizada na perspectiva da enfermagem gerontológica. Método: estudo qualitativo, de natureza exploratória-descritiva, realizado entre os meses de maio e junho de 2022, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 18 enfermeiros não especialistas em gerontologia que atuam em serviços que atendem pessoas idosas em um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro. As entrevistas foram realizadas após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética, transcritas e submetidas à análise temático-categorial de Bardin. Resultados: os enfermeiros apresentam lacunas no conhecimento gerontológico, gerando insegurança na gestão do cuidado à pessoa idosa hospitalizada. Considerações finais: os enfermeiros generalistas ou especialistas em áreas do conhecimento diferentes da gerontologia demonstram limitações para a gestão do cuidado à pessoa com demandas gerontológicas. Faz-se necessária uma reestruturação curricular dos Cursos de Graduação em Enfermagem, bem como ampliar a inserção do especialista em enfermagem gerontológica nos espaços de internação com pacientes idosos(AU)

Objective: To analyze the management of care for hospitalized elderly people from the perspective of gerontological nursing. Method: qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study, carried out between the months of 2022 May and June, through semi-structured interviews with 18 nurses who are not specialists in gerontology, and work in services that assist elderly people in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Results: Nurses have gaps in gerontological knowledge, generating insecurity in the management of care for hospitalized elderly people. Final considerations: Nurses who are general practitioners or specialists in areas of knowledge other than gerontology demonstrate limitations in managing care for people with gerontological demands. It is necessary to restructure the curriculum of undergraduate nursing courses, as well as to expand the insertion of specialists in gerontological nursing in hospitalization spaces with elderly patients(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la gestión del cuidado al anciano hospitalizado desde la perspectiva de la enfermería gerontológica. Método: estudio cualitativo, de naturaleza exploratoria-descriptiva, realizado entre los meses de mayo y junio de 2022, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas junto a 18 enfermeros no expertos en gerontología que trabajan en servicios que asisten a ancianos en un hospital universitario de Río de Janeiro. Las entrevistas se realizaron previa aprobación del Comité de Ética, se transcribieron y sometieron al análisis temático-categorial de Bardin. Resultados: Los enfermeros presentan lagunas en el conocimiento gerontológico, generando inseguridad en la gestión del cuidado al anciano hospitalizado. Consideraciones finales: Los enfermeros generalistas o especialistas en áreas del conocimiento diferentes a la gerontología demuestran limitaciones en la gestión del cuidado de las personas con demandas gerontológicas. Es necesario reestructurar el currículo de los cursos de pregrado en enfermería, así como ampliar la inserción del especialista en enfermería gerontológica en los espacios de hospitalización con ancianos(AU)

Molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 variants in circulation in the state of Maranhão, Brazil.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a coronavirus belonging to the beta CoV genus, responsible for SARS in humans, which became known as COVID-19. The emergence of variants of this virus is related to the presence of cases of reinfection, reduced vaccine effectiveness and greater transmission of the virus. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in the state of Maranhão. This is a cross-sectional and retrospective epidemiological study of genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2. The study comprised of 338 genomes sequenced by the Next Generation Sequencing technique on Illumina's Miseq equipment, submitted to Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data, 190 (56.2%) are from samples of female and 148 (43.8%) from male patients. Sequencing performed covered samples of patients aged between 1 and 108 years, with emphasis on the age groups from 30 to 39 years with 15.0% of sequenced genomes and 20 to 29 years with 12.4%. As for the distribution of sequenced genomes by health macro-regions, 285 (84.3%) are from cities in the northern macro-region. We evidenced the circulation of 29 lineages and sub-lineages, four of which belonging to the Delta variant (AY.43, AY.99.1, AY.99.2 and AY.101 responsible for 4.5% of the genomes) and the others belonging to the Omicron variant, with emphasis on: BA.1 and sub-lineages (42.8%); BA.4, BA.5 and sub-lineages (5.3% and 41.1%); the sub-lineages DL.1 and BQ.1 (5% and 2%). A strong genomic surveillance system allows the study of the natural history of the disease, when there is a resurgence of SARS-CoV-2 cases.

Clinical Reasoning: A 24-Year-Old Pregnant Woman With Headache and Behavioral Change Progressing to Coma.

The broad differential diagnosis associated with progressive subacute encephalopathy can be intimidating, especially in a young, pregnant woman. In this case, a 24-year-old woman at 21 weeks of gestation presented with persistent, drug-resistant fronto-parietal headache, with subsequent progressive development of psychomotor lentification and inappropriate behavior. Physical examination was normal, as were routine laboratory parameters and CT findings, and these symptoms were initially interpreted in the context of chronic depression. Later, the patient developed generalized dystonia and fever, with rapid clinical deterioration, depression of consciousness and, eventually, progression to coma. This case emphasizes the complexity and challenges involved in the diagnostic approach to a patient with progressive subacute encephalopathy framed by worsening CNS symptoms. It highlights the clinical considerations and complementary investigation of various etiologies, in a step-by-step approach, ultimately leading to the final diagnosis. Early recognition and appropriate treatment of these conditions can lead to more favorable outcomes, particularly in gestating patients, where prompt intervention is crucial, and where critical decisions may have to be made regarding pregnancy and the safety of treatment options.

Two new species of Baetodes Needham & Murphy, 1924 with an updated checklist of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) of Rondônia state, Brazil.

Baetidae is one of the most taxon-rich families in the order Ephemeroptera, and the most studied mayfly in Brazil. Despite recent advances, the vast majority of the Brazilian territory has not yet had its diversity well documented. Some of these critical gaps are in the South-Western Amazon, with emphasis on the state of Rondônia due to the high level of environmental threat (especially deforestation). In the state, only one small survey was carried out 11 years ago. Given this scenario, the objective of this study is to describe two new species and provide access to primary biodiversity data of the family Baetidae in Rondônia. As a result, two new species, Baetodes vermelho sp. nov. and Baetodes cerejeiras sp. nov., are described. Baetodes vermelho sp. nov. can be differentiated from other species by the presence of robust and pointed setae on the dorsal margin of the femora and coxal gills with medial constriction; Baetodes cerejeiras sp. nov. can be differentiated from B. liviae Polegatto & Salles, 2008 (in Salles & Polegatto, 2008) and B. capixaba Souza, Salles & Nessimian, 2011 by the absence of a tubercle on the metanotum, the presence of small blunt setae on the dorsal arc of the labrum, and less prominent tubercles on the abdomen. We have documented 50 species across 54 sites in the Rondônia. Among these, 18 species are being reported for the first time in the state, three species are recorded for the first time in the north of Brazil, and two species are new records for Brazil. Rondônia is the most speciose state in Brazil regarding the family Baetidae.

Analysis of brain activation and wave frequencies during a sentence completion task: a paradigm used with EEG in aphasic participants.

Aphasia is a language disorder that occurs after brain injury and directly affects an individual's communication. The incidence of stroke increases with age, and one-third of people who have had a stroke develop aphasia. The severity of aphasia changes over time and some aspects of language may improve, while others remain compromised. Battery task training strategies are used in the rehabilitation of aphasics. The idea of this research is to use electroencephalography (EEG) as a non-invasive method, of electrophysiological monitoring, with a group of aphasic patients in rehabilitation process in a prevention and rehabilitation unit of the person with disabilities of the Unified Health System (SUS), of reference in the state of Bahia-Brazil. In this study, the goal is to analyze brain activation and wave frequencies of aphasic individuals during a sentence completion task, to possibly assist health professionals with the analysis of the aphasic subject's rehabilitation and task redefinition. We adopted the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm, proposed by the American Society for Functional Neuroradiology as a reference paradigm. We applied the paradigm in the group of aphasics with preserved comprehension, right hemiparesis, and left hemisphere injured or affected by stroke. We analyzed four electrodes (F3/F4 and F7/F8) corresponding to the left/right frontal cortex. Preliminary results of this study indicate a more robust activation in the right hemisphere (average of aphasics), with a difference of approximately 14% higher in Theta and Alpha frequencies, with 8% higher in low Beta (BetaL) and with approximately 1% higher in high Beta frequency (BetaH), Gamma frequency was higher by approximately 3% in the left hemisphere of the brain. The difference in electrical activation may be revealing to us a migration of language to the non-language dominant hemisphere. We point to possible evidence suggesting that EEG may be a promising tool for monitoring the rehabilitation of the aphasic subject.

High Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia from a City in the Brazilian Pre-Amazon Region.

INTRODUCTION: Although fewer children have been affected by the severe form of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) continues to be the leading global cause of child hospitalizations and deaths. AIM: This study investigated the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as well its subtypes (RSV A and B), adenovirus (ADV), rhinovirus (HRV), metapneumovirus (HMPV), coronavirus (NL63, OC43, 229E and HKU1), parainfluenza virus subtypes (PI1, PI2 and PI3), bocavirus and influenza A and B viruses (FluA and FluB) in children diagnosed with CAP during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A total of 200 children with clinically confirmed CAP were initially recruited, of whom 107 had negative qPCR results for SARS-CoV-2 and were included in this study. Viral subtypes were identified using a real-time polymerase chain reaction in the nasopharyngeal swab samples. RESULTS: Viruses were identified in 69.2% of the patients. RSV infections were the most frequently identified (65.4%), with type RSV B being the most prevalent (63.5%). In addition, HCoV 229E and HRV were detected in 6.5% and 3.7% of the patients, respectively. RSV type B was associated with severe acute respiratory infection (ARI) and a younger age (less than 24 months). CONCLUSIONS: New strategies for preventing and treating viral respiratory infections, particularly RSV infections, are necessary.

Does the use of a diving mask adapted for non-invasive ventilation in hypoxemic acute respiratory failure in individuals with and without COVID-19 increase the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen? A randomized clinical trial.

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) can be used in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF); however, verifying the best interface for its use needs to be evaluated in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) in patients with AHRF with and without COVID-19 undergoing NIV with the conventional orofacial mask and the adapted diving mask. This is a randomized clinical trial in which patients were allocated into four groups: i) group 1: COVID-19 + adapted mask (n=12); ii) group 2: COVID-19 + conventional orofacial mask (n=12); iii) group 3: non-COVID-19 + adapted mask (n=2); iv) group 4: non-COVID-19 + conventional orofacial mask (n=12). The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was obtained 1, 24, and 48 hours after starting NIV, and the success of NIV was evaluated. This study followed the norms of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement and was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials under registration RBR-7xmbgsz. Both the adapted diving mask and the conventional orofacial mask increased the PaO2/FiO2 ratio. The interfaces differed in terms of the PaO2/FiO2 ratio in the first hour [309.66 (11.48) and 275.71 (11.48), respectively] (p=0.042) and 48 hours [365.81 (16.85) and 308.79 (18.86), respectively] (p=0.021). NIV success was 91.7% in groups 1, 2, and 3, and 83.3% in group 4. No adverse effects related to interfaces or NIV were observed. NIV through the conventional orofacial mask interfaces and the adapted diving mask was effective in improving the PaO2/FiO2 ratio; however, the adapted mask presented a better PaO2/FiO2 ratio during use. There was no significant difference between interfaces regarding NIV failure.

Sensory and muscular functions of the pelvic floor in women with endometriosis - cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the sensory and muscle functions of the pelvic floor in women with endometriosis, trying to improve overall knowledge/findings regarding pelvic floor muscle functions in patients with endometriosis. METHODS: Sample size calculated as 92 patients with endometriosis, aged between 18 and 45 years, not virgin, without other causes of pain and could not be pregnant. Patients underwent the Pelvic Floor Sensorial and Muscle Function Exam (EFSMAP). Descriptive data were recorded with mean and standard deviation, median (range), and absolute and relative frequency. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to observe the normality of quantitative variables. The significance level adopted for this study was 5%. RESULTS: Of 92 women assessed, 93.3% had pain and 75% had increased tone in the levator ani muscle; 50.4% had impaired pelvic floor relaxation with median strength of 3 by the Oxford scale and endurance of 2 s. CONCLUSIONS: The patients had a high prevalence of pain and dysfunction of the pelvic floor muscles, such as low muscle endurance and difficulty to relax. It shows that these patients should be referred to a pelvic floor physiotherapist, as soon as they have the diagnosis of endometriosis, to be assessed to prevent and/or treat pelvic floor impairments.

Antimicrobial effect of quercetin against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterium that causes serious infections, including pneumonia. The limited range of available vaccines and the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria mean that new treatments are needed. This study looked at the potential of quercetin as an antimicrobial agent against S. pneumoniae in both isolation and in biofilms. The researchers used microdilution tests, checkerboard assays, and death curve assays, as well as in silico and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluations. They found that quercetin at a concentration of 125.0 µg/mL had both inhibitory and bactericidal effects against S. pneumoniae, and these effects were increased when quercetin was combined with ampicillin. Quercetin also reduced the growth of pneumococcal biofilms. In addition, quercetin (absence or in combination with ampicillin) reduced the death time of Tenebrio molitor larvae compared to the infection control. The study also demonstrated that quercetin had low toxicity in both in silico and in vivo assays, suggesting that it could be a promising treatment for infections caused by S. pneumoniae.

Thiols as a marker of inflammatory bowel disease activity: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Evidence indicates that inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is associated with increased systemic levels of reactive oxygen species. Systemic oxidative stress has been associated with reduced levels of plasma thiols. Less invasive tests capable of reflecting and predicting IBD activity are increasingly sought after. We sought to systematically review the evidence inherent in serum thiol levels as a marker of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis activity (PROSPERO: CRD42021255521). METHODS: The highest quality documents for systematic reviews standards were used as reference. Articles were searched on Medline via PubMed, VHL, LILACS, WOS, EMBASE, SCOPUS, COCHRANE, CINAHL, OVID, CTGOV, WHO/ICTRP, OPENGREY, BDTD and CAPES, between August, 03 and September, 03 on 2021. Descriptors were defined according to the Medical Subject Heading. Of the 11 articles selected for full reading, 8 were included in the review. It was not possible to perform a pooled analysis of the studies, as there were no combinable studies between subjects with active IBD and controls/inactive disease. RESULTS: Findings from the individual studies included in this review suggest an association between disease activity and systemic oxidation, as measured by serum thiol levels, however, there are limitations that preclude weighting the study results in a meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend conducting better-designed and controlled studies, that include individuals of both phenotypes and at different stages of IBD, involving a larger number of participants, using the standardization of the technique for measuring serum thiols, to confirm whether thiols can be a good parameter for monitoring the clinical course of these intestinal diseases and the degree of clinical applicability.

Vimentin epigenetic deregulation in Bladder Cancer associates with acquisition of invasive and metastatic phenotype through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

Bladder cancer (BlCa) is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, understand the biological mechanisms underlying tumour progression is of great clinical significance. Vimentin (VIM) is (over)expressed in several carcinomas, putatively in association with EMT. We have previously found that VIM promoter methylation accurately identified BlCa and VIM expression associated with unfavourable prognosis. Herein, we sought to investigate VIM expression regulation and its role in malignant transformation of BlCa. Analysis of tissue samples disclosed higher VIM transcript, protein, and methylation levels in BlCa compared with normal urothelium. VIM protein and transcript levels significantly increased from non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) to muscle-invasive (MIBC) cases and to BlCa metastases. Inverse correlation between epithelial CDH1 and VIM, and a positive correlation between mesenchymal CDH2 and VIM were also observed. In BlCa cell lines, exposure to demethylating agent increased VIM protein, with concomitant decrease in VIM methylation. Moreover, exposure to histone deacetylases pan-inhibitor increased the deposit of active post-translational marks (PTMs) across VIM promoter. In primary normal urothelium cells, lower levels of active PTMs with concomitant higher levels of repressive marks deposit were observed. Finally, VIM knockdown in UMUC3 cell line increased epithelial-like features and decreased migration and invasion in vitro, decreasing tumour size and angiogenesis in vivo. We demonstrated that VIM promoter is epigenetically regulated in normal and neoplastic urothelium, which determine a VIM switch associated with EMT and acquisition of invasive and metastatic properties. These findings might allow for development of new, epigenetic-based, therapeutic strategies for BlCa.

Antioxidant and in vitro cytogenotoxic properties of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C.Sm. leaf extract.

Amburana cearensis leaves have been used in folk medicine to treat respiratory diseases and inflammations. This study aimed to evaluate the biological potential of A. cearensis leaves by antioxidant and in vitro cytogenotoxic analyses of ethanolic crude extract (EE) and its fractions in healthy human cells. The EE was obtained by percolation, followed by fractionation using dichloromethane, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH) as organic solvents. Extract and all fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant potential by DPPH and reducing power tests. In vitro cytotoxic activity was determined in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by MTT assay for the extract, EtOAc and MeOH fractions. In turn, the genotoxic activity was determined in human lymphocytes by the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus assay only for the EtOAc fraction. Only EtOAc fraction was analyzed via gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry due to its higher biological activity. Considering the antioxidant potential, the EtOAc fraction was most effective in DPPH (EC50 43.37 µg/mL) and reducing power (EC50 89.80 µg/mL) assays. GC-MS analysis of the EtOAc fraction led to the identification of guaiacol, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, isovanillic acid methyl ester, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 4-(ethoxymethyl)-phenol. The EE (400-1000 µg/mL), EtOAc (≤150 µg/mL) and MeOH (50 and 150-600 µg/mL) fractions were not cytotoxic by MTT test. Additionally, the EtOAc fraction (100-400 µg/mL) did not induce significant genotoxic damage. Concentrations of the EtOAc fraction with antioxidant activity showed no cytotoxicity, nor genotoxicity potential, indicating them as a nontoxic natural antioxidant source.

Do funcionamento autoerótico à desfusão pulsional: um modelo teórico para a etiologia do recurso à droga na esquizofrenia / From autoerotic functioning to instinctual defusion: a theoretical model for the etiology of drug use in schizophrenia / Du fonctionnement autoérotique à la défusion pulsionnelle: un modèle théorique pour l'étiologie de l'usage de drogues dans la schizophrénie / Del funcionamiento autoerótico a la defusión pulsional: un modelo teórico para la etiologia del consumo de drogas en la esquizofenia

O artigo apresenta a construção de um modelo teórico-clínico em psicopatologia psicanalítica, acerca dos determinantes estruturais do recurso à droga na psicose e, em especial, na esquizofrenia. Partimos da tese de Lacan acerca dos efeitos de adesão ao gozo autoerótico decorrente da ruptura com o gozo fálico, que coloca o problema relativo ao estatuto dessa ruptura na toxicomania e, em especial, da função do recurso à droga sobre os efeitos desta ruptura. Nossa hipótese é que o recurso à droga obedece a uma tentativa de refusão pulsional com consequências catastróficas. Conduzimos o levantamento dos textos de Freud que se organizam em torno da economia pulsional, tanto na sua abordagem do recurso à droga, como na sua abordagem da etiologia da psicose e da função reparadora do delírio. Como resultado, obtivemos os índices estruturais para o diagnóstico do recurso à droga na psicose.

Resumos The article presents the construction of a theoretical-clinical model in psychoanalytic psychopathology about the structural determinants of drug use in psychosis and in schizophrenia. We start from Lacan's thesis about the effects of adherence to autoerotic jouissance resulting from the rupture with phallic jouissance, which poses the problem concerning the status of this rupture in drug addiction and the role of drug use on the effects of this rupture. Our hypothesis is that the use of drugs follows an attempt at instinctual refusion with catastrophic consequences. We conducted a survey of Freud's texts that are organized around the drive economy, both in his approach to the use of drugs and in his approach to the etiology of psychosis and the reparative function of delusion. As a result, we obtained the structural indices for the diagnosis of drug use in psychosis..

L'article présente la construction d'un modèle théorico-clinique, en psychopathologie psychanalytique à propos des déterminants structurels de l'usage de drogues dans la psychose et, en particulier, dans la schizophrénie. Nous partons de la thèse lacanienne sur les effets d'adhésion à la jouissance autoérotique résultant de la rupture avec la jouissance phallique, ce qui pose le problème du statut de cette rupture dans la toxicomanie et, en particulier, du rôle de l'usage de drogues sur les effets de cette rupture. Notre hypothèse est que le recours aux drogues obéit à une tentative de refusion pulsionnelle aux conséquences catastrophiques. Nous avons mené l'enquête sur les textes de Freud qui s'organisent autour de l'économie pulsionnelle, tant dans son approche de la ressource médicamenteuse que dans son approche de l'étiologie de la psychose et de la fonction réparatrice du délire. Nous avons ainsi obtenu les indices structurels pour le diagnostic de l'usage de drogues dans la psychose.

Este artículo presenta la construcción de un modelo teórico-clínico en psicopatología psicoanalítica sobre los determinantes estructurales del consumo de drogas en la psicosis y, en particular, en la esquizofrenia. Partimos de la tesis de Lacan sobre los efectos de la adhesión al goce autoerótico resultante de la ruptura con el goce fálico, que plantea el problema del estatuto de esta ruptura en la drogadicción y, en particular, el papel del consumo de drogas en los efectos de esta ruptura. Nuestra hipótesis es que el uso de drogas sigue un intento de rechazo instintivo con consecuencias catastróficas. Realizamos un recorrido por los textos de Freud que se organizan en torno a la economía pulsional, tanto en su abordaje del uso de drogas como en su abordaje de la etiología de la psicosis y de la función reparadora del delirio. Como resultado obtuvimos los índices estructurales para el diagnóstico del consumo de drogas en psicosis.

Aged people's affected sexuality and the nanda-i/noc/nic links: cross-mapping / Sexualidad afectada de adultos mayores y las conexiones nanda-i/noc/nic: mapeo cruzado / Sexualidade afetada de pessoas idosas e as ligações nanda-i/noc/nic: mapeamento cruzado

ABSTRACT Objective: to map Nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions for factors that affect aged people's sexuality. Method: a descriptive study that used the cross-mapping method to establish the links between the NANDA-International Nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions, the Nursing Outcomes Classification and the Nursing Interventions Classification, for the factors that affect sexuality identified in aged residents from a public gerontological center in the city of Aguascalientes, Mexico. The data were collected between April and September 2021. A phenomenological study revealed the elements that affect sexuality; subsequently, the Nursing diagnoses were mapped and links with Nursing outcomes and interventions were established, based on specialists' consensus. Results: a total of 11 Nursing diagnoses were mapped, more prevalent among the Perception/Cognition, Self-perception and Health Promotion domains from the NANDA-International taxonomy; as well as 10 different Nursing outcomes from the Nursing Outcomes Classification belonging to the Functional Health, Physiological Health, Psychosocial Health and Health Knowledge and Behavior domains; and 11 Nursing interventions, in the Basic Physiological and Behavioral domains from the Nursing Interventions Classification. Conclusion: Nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions were identified, addressing the recognized factors that affect aged people's sexuality.

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear diagnósticos, resultados e intervenciones de Enfermería para los factores que afectan la sexualidad de adultos mayores. Método: estudio descriptivo que empleó el método de mapeo cruzado para establecer las conexiones entre diagnósticos, resultados e intervenciones de Enfermería de NANDA-Internacional, la Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería y la Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería, para los factores que afectan la sexualidad identificados en adultos mayores que viven en un centro gerontológico público de la ciudad de Aguascalientes, México. Los datos se recolectaron entre abril y septiembre de 2021. Los factores que afectan la sexualidad se obtuvieron de un estudio fenomenológico, para luego mapear diagnósticos de Enfermería y establecer las conexiones con resultados e intervenciones de Enfermería por medio do consenso de especialistas. Resultados: se mapearon 11 diagnósticos de Enfermería, más prevalentes entre los dominios de Percepción/Cognición, Autopercepción y Promoción de la Salud de la taxonomía NANDA-Internacional; al igual que 10 resultados de Enfermería diferentes de la Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería pertenecientes a los dominios de Salud Funcional, Salud Fisiológica, Salud Psicosocial y Conocimiento en Salud y Comportamiento; para finalizar con 11 intervenciones de Enfermería distribuidas entre los dominios Fisiológico Básico y Comportamental de la Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería. Conclusión: se identificaron diagnósticos, resultados e intervenciones de Enfermería, abordando los factores reconocidos que afectan la sexualidad de adultos mayores.

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem para os fatores que afetam a sexualidade de pessoas idosas. Método: estudo descritivo que utilizou o método de mapeamento cruzado para estabelecer as ligações de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem da NANDA-Internacional, Classificação de Resultados de Enfermagem e Classificação de Intervenções de Enfermagem, para os fatores que afetam a sexualidade identificados em pessoas idosas residentes em um centro gerontológico público, na cidade de Aguascalientes, México. Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de abril e setembro de 2021. Os fatores que afetam a sexualidade foram obtidos de um estudo fenomenológico, após foram mapeados diagnósticos de enfermagem e estabelecidas as ligações com resultados e intervenções de enfermagem, por meio do consenso de especialistas. Resultados: foram mapeados 11 diagnósticos de enfermagem, mais prevalentes entre os domínios de percepção/cognição, autopercepção e promoção da saúde da taxonomia NANDA-Internacional; 10 diferentes resultados de enfermagem da Classificação de Resultados de Enfermagem pertencentes aos domínios de saúde funcional, saúde fisiológica, saúde psicossocial e conhecimento em saúde e comportamento; e 11 intervenções de enfermagem, entre os domínios fisiológico básico e comportamental da Classificação de Intervenções de Enfermagem. Conclusão: identificaram-se diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem, abordando os fatores reconhecidos que afetam a sexualidade de pessoas idosas.

Detailed bladder cancer immunoprofiling reveals new clues for immunotherapeutic strategies.

Objectives: Bladder cancer (BlCa) is the tenth most frequent malignancy worldwide and the costliest to treat and monitor. Muscle-invasive BlCa (MIBC) has a dismal prognosis, entailing the need for alternative therapies for the standard radical cystectomy. Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has been approved for high-grade non-muscle-invasive BlCa (HG NMIBC) and metastatic disease, but its effectiveness in localised MIBC remains under scrutiny. Herein, we sought to characterise and compare the immune infiltrate of HG NMIBC and MIBC samples, including ICOS expression, a targetable immune checkpoint associated with regulatory T cell(Tregs)-mediated immunosuppression. Methods: Immunohistochemistry for CD83, CD20, CD68, CD163, CD3, CD8, CD4, FoxP3/ICOS and PD-L1 was performed in HG NMIBC and MIBC samples (n = 206), and positive staining was quantified in the peritumoral and/or intratumoral tissue compartments with QuPath imaging software. Results: CD20+ B cells, CD68+ and CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages were significantly increased in MIBCs and associated with poor prognosis. In turn, higher infiltration of T cells was associated with prolonged survival, with exception of the CD4+ helper subset. Intratumoral expression of CD3 and CD8 was independent prognostic factors for increased disease-free survival (DFS) in multivariable analysis. Remarkably, Tregs (FoxP3+/FoxP3+ICOS+) were found differentially distributed between tissue compartments. PD-L1 immunoexpression independently predicted a shorter DFS and associated with higher infiltration of FoxP3+ICOS+ Tregs. Conclusions: Immune infiltrates of HG NMIBC and MIBC display significant differences that may help selecting patients for immunotherapies. Considering ICOS immunoexpression results, it might constitute a relevant therapeutic target, eventually in combination with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies, for certain BlCa patient subsets.