Effect of hydrocolloid concentration in low-calorie orange jellies on preservation of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity.

The purpose of this paper was to avaliate of the concentration of hydrocolloids (low methoxyl pectin [LMP], guar gum [GG], and carrageenan gum [CG]) in low-calorie orange jellies in order to maximize the amount of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity, and to study the influence on degradation these compounds. A mixture design with seven tests was used to analyze the total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH and ß-carotene/linoleic acid methods). The results were analyzed by response surface methodology and the Scott-Knott mean test at a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05). In general, the regions containing 0.5% GG and 0.5% GC had higher levels of the variables under study, and this combination preserved the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of jellies in relation to that of orange juice.

Elaboração e validação de lista de verificação dos processos produtivos de dietas pediátricas em lactários hospitalares / Elaboration and validation of the checklist of the production processes of pediatric diets in hospital lactaries

Resumo Este trabalho visou elaborar e validar uma lista de verificação dos processos produtivos de dietas pediátricas para uso em lactários hospitalares. Para a elaboração do instrumento realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica. A validação do conteúdo foi realizada com 5 especialistas, pela Técnica Delphi - utilizando a escala Likert de 5 pontos. A validação de aparência foi realizada por 3 nutricionistas, no mesmo ambiente, dia e horário. O instrumento incluiu cabeçalho, guia de instruções de preenchimento e 225 itens de avaliação que obtiveram o conteúdo validado. Os valores mínimos e máximos para o índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) foi, respectivamente, 0,88 e 0,96. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) e Alfa de Cronbach (α) foi >0,80 em mais de 90% dos itens avaliados. Os valores mínimos e máximos para o índice de validade de aparência (IVA) foi, respectivamente, 0,73 e 0,93. O teste de Kruskal Wallis não apresentou diferença significativa durante as avaliações (p valor>0,05) para os blocos da versão rotina e versão gestão. As versões do instrumento apresentaram em mais de 80% dos blocos α e CCI>0,80. Portanto, o instrumento apresentou conteúdo e aparência validados tendo reprodutibilidade e confiabilidade, ou seja, viabilidade de utilização na prática do nutricionista.

Abstract This work aimed to draft and validate a checklist of the production processes of pediatric diets for use in hospital lactaries. A bibliographic search was carried out in order to draft the instrument. Content validation was performed with 5 experts, using the Delphi technique and the 5-point Likert scale. Appearance validation was performed by 3 nutritionists, in the same environment, day, and time. The instrument included a header, a guide to completion instructions, and 225 assessment items that obtained validated content. The minimum and maximum values for the content validity index (CVI) were 0.88 and 0.96, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha (α) was >0.80 in more than 90% of the items evaluated. The minimum and maximum values for the Appearance Validity Index (AVI) were, respectively, 0.73 and 0.93. The Kruskal Wallis test showed no significant difference during the evaluations (p-value>0.05) for the blocks of the routine version and the management version. The instrument versions presented in more than 80% of the α and ICC blocks > 0.80. Therefore, the instrument presented validated content and appearance, presenting reproducibility and reliability in terms of the feasibility of use in a nutritionist's practice.

Elaboration and validation of the checklist of the production processes of pediatric diets in hospital lactaries. / Elaboração e validação de lista de verificação dos processos produtivos de dietas pediátricas em lactários hospitalares.

This work aimed to draft and validate a checklist of the production processes of pediatric diets for use in hospital lactaries. A bibliographic search was carried out in order to draft the instrument. Content validation was performed with 5 experts, using the Delphi technique and the 5-point Likert scale. Appearance validation was performed by 3 nutritionists, in the same environment, day, and time. The instrument included a header, a guide to completion instructions, and 225 assessment items that obtained validated content. The minimum and maximum values for the content validity index (CVI) were 0.88 and 0.96, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha (α) was >0.80 in more than 90% of the items evaluated. The minimum and maximum values for the Appearance Validity Index (AVI) were, respectively, 0.73 and 0.93. The Kruskal Wallis test showed no significant difference during the evaluations (p-value>0.05) for the blocks of the routine version and the management version. The instrument versions presented in more than 80% of the α and ICC blocks > 0.80. Therefore, the instrument presented validated content and appearance, presenting reproducibility and reliability in terms of the feasibility of use in a nutritionist's practice.

Este trabalho visou elaborar e validar uma lista de verificação dos processos produtivos de dietas pediátricas para uso em lactários hospitalares. Para a elaboração do instrumento realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica. A validação do conteúdo foi realizada com 5 especialistas, pela Técnica Delphi - utilizando a escala Likert de 5 pontos. A validação de aparência foi realizada por 3 nutricionistas, no mesmo ambiente, dia e horário. O instrumento incluiu cabeçalho, guia de instruções de preenchimento e 225 itens de avaliação que obtiveram o conteúdo validado. Os valores mínimos e máximos para o índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) foi, respectivamente, 0,88 e 0,96. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) e Alfa de Cronbach (α) foi >0,80 em mais de 90% dos itens avaliados. Os valores mínimos e máximos para o índice de validade de aparência (IVA) foi, respectivamente, 0,73 e 0,93. O teste de Kruskal Wallis não apresentou diferença significativa durante as avaliações (p valor>0,05) para os blocos da versão rotina e versão gestão. As versões do instrumento apresentaram em mais de 80% dos blocos α e CCI>0,80. Portanto, o instrumento apresentou conteúdo e aparência validados tendo reprodutibilidade e confiabilidade, ou seja, viabilidade de utilização na prática do nutricionista.

Left atrial myxoma and transient ischemic attack: case report.

Cardiac tumors are rare and myxomas are the most prevalent among them. Although it presents benign histology, they may be the cause of severe consequences due to intracardiac location. Nonspecific manifestations may hinder the diagnosis, which can lead to complications, such as changes in cardiac dynamics, thromboembolic events and death. This paper presents a case report of a patient in the emergency department of a high complexity hospital in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with a clinical history of angina and 7 previous Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), besides aphasia, right hemiparesis, dysarthria, and mouth deviation. Submitted to transesophageal echocardiography, she was diagnosed with left atrial myxoma. For the treatment of myxoma, a surgical approach was used to resect the myxoma in the left atrium. The standard surgical approach was through a median sternotomy. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with aortic and bicaval cannulation and moderate hypothermia was used. Myocardial protection was achieved by cold antegrade blood cardioplegia. The patient had notable characteristics for the diagnosis, especially the previous occurrence of seven episodes of TIA. The importance of correct clinical investigation (anamnesis, general and specific physical examination and imaging tests) is notable and a fundamental tool for the diagnosis and early treatment of neoplasia, providing good clinical outcomes.

Evolution of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in a child shown by MRI.

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare idiopathic inflammatory disease that mainly affects children and young adults. The clinical signs and symptoms are nonspecific, hindering and delaying the proper diagnosis. We report a case of CRMO in a child with chronic pain in the cervical and thoracic spine. Investigations of the pain revealed a diagnosis of osteomyelitis in the biopsy, indicating a course of antibiotic treatment. After a year, there was progressive worsening of the pain, and it soon spread to the left wrist and right ankle. Magnetic resonance imaging of the left wrist and right ankle revealed morphostructural changes. A new biopsy was performed on the wrist and ankle, and osteomyelitis was pinpointed again. In view of the clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings, the patient was diagnosed with CRMO. The following treatment consisted of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, methotrexate, and pamidronate. The strength of this case is the fact that there was extensive imaging and more than one biopsy, and the patient was followed. Magnetic resonance imaging was valuable in assessing the extent and activity of a lesion.

Ecological risks of trace metals in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: An index analysis approach.

Total concentrations of Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined in surface sediments from 30 stations in Guanabara Bay in 1999 and 2008. An approach using various environmental indices was used to assess contamination status of metals. This approach allowed the comparison with different coastal areas. Background Enrichment Index, Contamination index and Ecological Risk index (Pollution Load Index; Sediment Quality Guideline Quotient and Ecological Risk Index) were calculated for the metals. Results revealed a great load of organic matter and significant increases in Cu and Pb levels between 1999 and 2008. The concentrations of Cr and Zn were of great concern, surpassing the values of Probable Effect Level reference values. In spite of the differences of each index, results effectively revealed the striking contamination in Guanabara Bay concerning trace metals, and also suggested potential risk to local biota. The contamination of the northwest area was notably higher than the rest of the bay. In comparison with some other coastal bays around the world, Guanabara Bay stood out as a remarkably contaminated environment.

DNA alkylation damage and autophagy induction.

Many alkylating agents are used as chemotherapeutic drugs and have a long history of clinical application. These agents inflict a wide range of DNA damage resulting in a complex cellular response. After DNA damage, cells trigger a series of signaling cascades promoting cellular survival and cell cycle blockage which enables time for DNA repair to occur. More recently, induction of autophagy has been observed in cancer cells after treatment with different DNA-targeted anticancer drugs, including alkylating agents. Several studies have demonstrated that induction of autophagy after DNA damage delays apoptotic cell death and may therefore lead to chemoresistance, which is the limiting factor for successful chemotherapy. On the other hand, depending on the extent of damage and the cellular context, the induction of autophagy may also contribute to cell death. Given these conflicting results, many studies have been conducted to better define the role of autophagy in cancer cells in response to chemotherapy. In this review, we describe the main alkylating agents used in clinical oncology as well as the cellular response they evoke with emphasis on autophagy.

Dissolved inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll A in an estuary receiving sewage treatment plant effluents: Cachoeira River estuary (NE Brazil).

Sampling was conducted monthly during a transition period between the dry and rainy seasons in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) in eutrophication control. STP effluent and fluvial input data were also estimated. In the dry period, high concentrations of nutrients, chlorophyll a (up to 360 µg L(-1)), and anoxia in bottom waters were observed in the upper portion of the estuary. Nitrate was scarce during the dry months, although high concentrations were observed at the river sources and the upper estuary. The N:P and Si:P molar ratios were usually below 16:1, and the Si:N ratio was higher than 1:1. The fluvial inputs were a greater source of nutrients to the estuary than the STP, but nutrient loading by these effluents were also important in contributing to the eutrophication of the upper estuarine zone, especially in the dry season when symptoms were more intense.

Apresentação incomum de sarcoma granulocítico mamário / Unusual presentation of granulocytic sarcoma in the breasts

O termo sarcoma granulocítico (SG) designa um raro tumor sólido composto de agregados de precursores granulocíticos imaturos em sítios extramedulares. A lesão geralmente ocorre durante o curso natural da leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) ou após sua remissão. O SG primário manifesta-se mais comumente na pele e linfonodos, portanto, quando se apresenta na mama, o erro diagnóstico de linfoma não Hodgkin, carcinoma lobular, sarcoma e melanoma maligno é um problema comum. A mama tem sido relatada como um local incomum de SG. Relata-se um caso raro de SG bilateral em mamas concomitante com LMA numa mulher de 47 anos. A paciente foi admitida em nosso hospital devido a manifestações neurológicas e descobrimos, durante a investigação, tumorações nas mamas. A histopatologia das lesões sugeriu linfoma não Hodgkin, sendo iniciada quimioterapia esquema CHOP. No entanto, o mielograma mostrou hiperplasia das séries granulocíticas, e a imuno-histoquímica revelou mieloperoxidase e CD68 positivos, confirmando o diagnóstico de SG primário em mamas. A citogenética não detectou anomalias. A revisão da microscopia e a análise do líquor confirmaram a presença de infiltração no parênquima mamário e no sistema nervoso central por leucemia monoblástica aguda (LMA-M5a). O protocolo de indução da remissão foi iniciado com daunorrubicina, arabinosídeo-C e quimioterapia intratecal com metotrexate, arabinosídeo-C e dexametasona (MADIT). Um mês depois, a paciente recusou a continuação do tratamento, depois de ter feito pedido de alta.

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is an uncommon solid tumor composed of aggregates of immature granulocytic precursors in extramedullary sites. The lesion generally occurs during the natural course of acute myelogenous leukemia or after remission has been achieved. Primary GS manifests most commonly in skin and lymph nodes, therefore when it presents in the breast, misdiagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, lobular carcinoma, sarcoma and malignant melanoma is a common problem. The breast has been reported to be an uncommon site for GS. We report on a rare case of granulocytic sarcoma presenting as bilateral breast masses concomitant with acute myeloid leukemia in a 47-year-old woman. The patient was admitted to our hospital due to neurological manifestations, at which time we discovered lesions in the breasts. The histopathology suggested non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and chemotherapy using the CHOP regimen was performed. However, a myelogram showed hyperplasia of the granulocyte cells and immunohistochemistry tests were positive for myeloperoxidase and CD68, confirming the diagnosis of primary granulocytic sarcoma of the breasts. Cytogenetic examinations did not detect anomalies. The review of microscopy and the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid confirmed the presence of infiltration in the breast and in the central nervous system by acute monoblastic leukemia (AML M5a). AML M5a protocols had been started with daunorubicin, arabinoside-C and intrathecal chemotherapy using methotrexate, arabinoside-C and dexamethasone (MADIT). One month later, the patient refused further treatment.

Linfoma não Hodgkin primário da coluna vertebral / Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the vertebral column

O linfoma primário do osso (LPO) é uma condição extremamente rara, habitualmente confundida com outras lesões ósseas primárias. É responsável por cerca de 3 por cento-5 por cento de todos os tumores malignos no osso e 4 por cento-7 por cento de todos os linfomas nãoHodgkin extranodais. Caracteriza-se pelo envolvimento de um ou vários locais ósseos, com ou sem comprometimento de linfonodos regionais e vísceras. Histopatologicamente, o linfoma non Hodgkin de grandes células B representa a maioria dos casos de LPO. Ossos longos são mais frequentemente comprometidos, e o fêmur é o sítio mais acometido. Osso ilíaco e da coluna vertebral também podem ser atingidos. Relatamos um caso raro de linfoma não Hodgkin da vértebra em mulher de 41 anos. A imuno-histoquímica revelou CD20 e CD45 positivos. Ela foi diagnosticada com linfoma primário difuso de grandes células B da coluna vertebral. O estudo histopatológico da medula óssea não detectou infiltração por hemopatia linfoide. A paciente foi tratada com quimioterapia CHOP juntamente com etoposide, seguida de radioterapia (dose total = 3600cGy) na região tóraco-lombar. Não houve evidência de recidiva em um período de vinte meses de acompanhamento.

Primary bone lymphoma (PBL) is an extremely rare condition, commonly confused with other primary bone injuries. It accounts for approximately 3-5 percent of all malignant bone tumors and 4-7 percent of all extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. It is characterized by the involvement of one or multiple bone locations, with or without the involvement of regional lymph nodes and viscera. Histopathologically, diffuse large-B-cell lymphomas account for the majority of cases of PBL. Long bones are usually involved, with the femur being the most commonly affected site. Pelvic bones and the vertebral column can also be involved. We report on a rare case of PLB of the vertebra in a 41-year-old woman. Immunohistochemistry examinations revealed CD20 and CD45 positive cells. She was diagnosed with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting as a vertebral column tumor. The histopathologic analysis of the bone marrow did not show lymphoproliferative disorders. The patient was treated with a CHOP plus etoposide regimen. Systemic chemotherapy was followed by radiotherapy (total dose = 3600 cGy) in the thoracolumbar region. There was no evidence of recurrence in the 20-month follow up.

Orbital metastasis as primary clinical manifestation of thyroid carcinoma: case report and literature review / Metástase orbital como manifestação clínica primária de carcinoma de tireóide: relato de caso e revisão de literatura

Capillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common neoplasm of thyroid. It usually grows slowly and is clinically indolent, although rare, its aggressive forms with local invasion or distant metastases can occur. Metastatic thyroid carcinoma rarely involves the orbit. We reported an uncommon case of orbital metastasis of PTC. A 66-years-old woman presented proptosis of the right eye. The biopsy of the tumor in orbit revealed metastatic thyroid carcinoma. The ultrasensitive TSH level was 1,34 mUI/L and free T4 level was 1,65 ng/dL. A total thyroidectomy was performed and histopathological analysis of the nodule revealed follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Currently, the patient has been receiving palliative chemotherapy with Clodronate Disodium. The importance of the case is due to its unusual presentation, which emerged as a primary clinical manifestation. Although rare, thyroid carcinoma should be suspected in orbit metastasis.

Carcinoma papilífero da tiróide (PTC) é a neoplasia mais comum da tiróide. Geralmente cresce lentamente e é clinicamente indolente, embora raras, as formas agressivas com invasão local ou metástases distantes podem ocorrer. Carcinoma metastático da tiróide raramente envolve a órbita. Relatamos um caso raro de metástase orbital de PTC. Uma mulher de 66 anos apresentou proptose no olho direito. A biópsia do tumor em órbita revelou carcinoma metastático da tiróide. O nível ultra-sensível do TSH foi de 1,34 mUI/L e T4 livre foi de 1,65 ng/dL. A tireoidectomia total foi realizada e a análise histopatológica do nódulo revelou carcinoma papilífero variante folicular da tiróide. Atualmente, a paciente recebe quimioterapia paliativa com clodronato dissódico. A importância do caso é devido à sua apresentação incomum que surgiu como principal manifestação clínica. Embora raro, o carcinoma da tiróide deve ser pensado em metástase orbitária.

Processo saúde-doença e promoção da saúde: aspectos históricos e conceituais / Health-illness process and health promotion: conceptual and historical aspects

Este artigo apresenta algumas das concepções acerca do processo saúde-doença e promoção da saúde que figuram na literatura brasileira recente, visando contribuir para a reflexão sobre seus diferentes modos de sua apreensão e concretização. Tem, como referência, os contextos socio-históricos que influenciaram a construção dos conceitos em questão, analisados a partir da argumentação de autores contemporâneos representativos do campo. O trabalho estrutura-se em dois blocos: o primeiro corresponde à apresentação de diferentes conceituações sobre saúde, doença e processo saúde-doença, relacionando-os aos momentos históricos que lhes deram origem. No segundo, procura-se descrever o desenvolvimento dos conceitos e práticas de promoção da saúde e de prevenção nos últimos anos e sua incorporação ao Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS. A análise desta evolução histórica mostra que embora os conceitos talvez sejam limitados para expressar a extensão e concretude das iniciativas implementadas no âmbito do SUS, têm grande utilidade operacional no sentido de orientar projetos políticos sanitários. [AU]

Processo saúde-doença e promoção da saúde: aspectos históricos e conceituais / Health-illness process and health promotion: conceptual and theoretical aspects

Este artigo apresenta algumas das concepções acerca do processo saúde-doença e promoção da saúde que figuram na literatura brasileira recente, visando contribuir para a reflexão sobre seus diferentes modos de sua apreensão e concretização. Tem, como referência, os contextos sociohistóricos que influenciaram a construção dos conceitos em questão, analisados a partir da argumentação de autores contemporâneos representativos do campo. O trabalho estrutura-se em dois blocos: o primeiro corresponde à apresentação de diferentes conceituações sobre saúde, doença e processo saúde-doença, relacionando-os aos momentos históricos que lhes deram origem. No segundo, procura-se descrever o desenvolvimento dos conceitos e práticas de promoção da saúde e de prevenção nos últimos anos e sua incorporação ao Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS. A análise desta evolução histórica mostra que embora os conceitos talvez sejam ainda limitados para expressar a extensão e concretude das iniciativas implementadas no âmbito do SUS, têm grande utilidade operacional no sentido de orientar projetos políticos sanitários.

This article presents some of the concepts surrounding the health-illness process and the health promotion efforts that appear in recent Brazilian literature, aiming to contribute toward some reflection on the different types of concern and their manifestations. As a reference, we cite the socio-historical contexts that influenced the development of the concepts in question, based on the arguments of contemporary representative authors. The work is structured into two blocks: the first presents the different conceptualizations of health, illness and the process ?health-illness?, relating them with the historical settings from which they originated. The second describes the development of the concepts and practices of health promotion and prevention strategies in the past few years, and its incorporation into the Brazilian Public Health System - SUS. The analysis of this evolutionary process shows that although these concepts are perhaps still limited in describing the extent and concreteness of the initiatives implemented within the scope of SUS, they have great operational value in guiding health policy projects.

Orbital metastasis as primary clinical manifestation of thyroid carcinoma--case report and literature review.

Capillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common neoplasm of thyroid. It usually grows slowly and is clinically indolent; although rare, its aggressive forms with local invasion or distant metastases can occur. Metastatic thyroid carcinoma rarely involves the orbit. We reported an uncommon case of orbital metastasis of PTC. A 66-years-old woman presented proptosis of the right eye. The biopsy of the tumor in orbit revealed metastatic thyroid carcinoma. The ultrasensitive TSH level was 1,34 mUI/L and free T4 level was 1,65 ng/dL. A total thyroidectomy was performed and histopathological analysis of the nodule revealed follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Currently, the patient has been receiving palliative chemotherapy with Clodronate Disodium. The importance of the case is due to its unusual presentation, which emerged as a primary clinical manifestation. Although rare, thyroid carcinoma should be suspected in orbit metastasis.

Quenching of singlet molecular oxygen, O2(1Deltag), by dipyridamole and derivatives.

Dipyridamole (DIP) is known for its vasodilating and antiplatelet activity, exhibiting also a potent antioxidant effect, strongly inhibiting lipid peroxidation. This effect has been studied in mitochondria and a correlation between the DIP derivatives' structure, the ability to bind to micelles and biological activity has been suggested. In the present work, the quenching of singlet molecular oxygen, O(2)((1)Delta(g)), by DIP and RA47 and RA25 derivatives was analyzed in acetonitrile (ACN) and aqueous acid solutions. Laser flash photolysis excitation of methylene blue (MB) was made at 532 nm and monomol light emission of O(2)((1)Delta(g)) was monitored at 1270 nm. Bimolecular quenching constants in ACN are consistent with an efficient physical quenching, presenting values a bit lower than the diffusion limit (k(t) = 3.4-6.8 x 10(8) M(-1 )s(-1)). The quenching process probably occurs via reversible charge transfer with the formation of an exciplex. Calculation of DeltaG(et) associated with O(2)((1)Delta(g)) quenching corroborates with uncompleted electron transfer. In aqueous acid solutions (pH = 3.0), the k(t) values for DIP and derivatives are 20-fold smaller when compared with ACN. The electrochemical properties of DIP in ACN are characterized by two consecutive one-electron processes with half-wave oxidation potentials of 0.30 and 0.67 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE). However, in an aqueous acid medium, a single oxidation wave is observed involving a two-electron process (0.80 V vs SCE). Therefore, O(2)((1)Delta(g)) quenching is consistent with electrochemical data.

Thermosolvatochromism of merocyanine polarity indicators in pure and aqueous solvents: relevance of solvent lipophilicity.

The following novel solvatochromic probes were synthesized: 2,6-dibromo-4-[(E)-2-(1-alkylpyridinium-4-yl)ethenyl] phenolate, where the alkyl groups are methyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl, and n-octyl, respectively. Solvatochromism of three of these probes (C(1), C(4), and C(8)) was studied in 36 protic and aprotic solvents. A modified linear solvation energy relationship has been applied to the data obtained at 25 degrees C. Correlation of (empirical) polarities with other solvent properties showed more dependence on lipophilicity than on basicity. A similar conclusion has been reached for a series of other solvatochromic indicators. Exceptions are those that carry acidic hydrogens, being biased toward solvent basicity. Thermosolvatochromism has been studied in mixtures of water with methanol, 1-propanol, acetonitrile, and DMSO. Thermosolvatochromic data have been treated according to a model that explicitly considers the presence in bulk solution of three "species": water, organic component, and solvent-water hydrogen-bonded aggregate. Solvation by the latter is favored over solvation by either of the two precursor solvents (aqueous DMSO is an exception). Temperature increase resulted in desolvation of the probes, due to concomitant decrease of the structures of the component solvents. The above-mentioned modified solvation equation has been successfully applied to solvatochromism in aqueous methanol and aqueous 1-propanol.

Avaliação da eficácia do tratamento da Enurese Noturna em pacientes acompanhados no Ambulatório de Nefrologia Pediátrica do Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo

O presente trabalho foi realizado com 42 crianças e adolescentes, de 5 a 16 anos, que apresentavam enurese noturna primária, acompanhadas pelo serviço de nefrologia pediátrica do Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do tratamento para enurese noturna primária empregado neste serviço. Os dados obtidos foram colhidos a partir de prontuário médico e a partir deles foi realizada análise descritiva e da eficácia do tratamento utitilizado: apenas reeducação do ritmo urinário; Oxibutinina; Imipramina; associação dos três tratamentos anteriores. Após análise dos dados observou-se que a associação dos três tratamentos mostrou-se mais eficaz que os outros tratamentos isolados, pois quando empregado a percentagem de melhora foi de 84,6%

Avaliação da eficácia do tratamento da Enurese Noturna em pacientes acompanhados no Ambulatório de Nefrologia Pediátrica do Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo / Evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis in patients followed at the Pediatric Nephrology Unit of the Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo

O presente trabalho foi realizado com 42 crianças e adolescentes, de 5 a 16 anos, que apresentavam enurese noturna primária, acompanhadas pelo serviço de nefrologia pediátrica do Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do tratamento para enurese noturna primária empregado neste serviço. Os dados obtidos foram colhidos a partir de prontuário médico e a partir deles foi realizada análise descritiva e da eficácia do tratamento utitilizado: apenas reeducação do ritmo urinário; Oxibutinina; Imipramina; associação dos três tratamentos anteriores. Após análise dos dados observou-se que a associação dos três tratamentos mostrou-se mais eficaz que os outros tratamentos isolados, pois quando empregado a percentagem de melhora foi de 84,6%