Surprising leopard restoration in fragmented ecosystems reveals connections as the secret to conservation success.

The Chinese Loess Plateau has been the cradle of Chinese civilization and the main human settlement in China for thousands of years, where anthropogenic activities are believed to have deeply eroded natural landscapes. After decades of minimal leopard sighting in forests of northern China, due to serious human interference, we recently discovered that the leopard population is recovering. This finding provides hope for successful biodiversity conservation in human-dominated ecosystems. To understand the mechanism of leopard return into such a highly fragmented landscape, we applied the concept of ecological networks (ENs) to identify key factors promoting leopard restoration and quantify the ecological links among habitats. We first determined the existence of a healthy leopard population in the study area based on the size of its home range and presence of breeding individuals. We then innovatively used the relationship between species richness and top predators to generate ENs, and found that the connectivity of ENs had a significant positive interaction with leopard survival. Our study validates the effectiveness of establishing ecologically connected habitats for leopard protection, and highlights the importance of applying ENs for conservation planning in highly fragmented ecosystems. This study provides a successful case for the protection of top predators in human-dominated landscapes.

Association of IFNL3/IFNL4 polymorphisms with efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-1 infection / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To investigate the associations of IFNL3/IFNL4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)with the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)in patients with HIV-1 infection.Methods Sixty-three adult patients with HIV-1 infection receiving HAART for at least 1 year in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine were enrolled.HIV-1 RNA loads in plasma and HIV-1 DNA loads in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs),and blood SNPs were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Plasma inflammatory cytokines were examined by magnetic beads method,and the CD4 +T and CD8 +T lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry.According to response to HAART,the patients were classified as low HIV-1 RNA group(viral load <100 copies/mL)and high HIV-1 RNA group(viral load≥100 copies/mL);according to CD4+T lymphocyte counts,the patients were defined as low CD4+T cell group(<250 cells/μL), and high CD4+T cell group(≥250 cells/μL);according to HIV-1 DNA levels,the patients were divided into low(<100 copies/106cells)and high(≥100 copies/106cells)HIV-1 DNA groups.Results Three candidate SNPs rs368234815,rs8099917 and rs4803223 had significantly different distribution between low and high HIV-1 RNA groups(χ2=0.043,0.047 and 0.032,all P<0.05).The levels of interleukin(IL)-10 were declined in the low HIV-1 RNA group(U=4.00,P<0.05);the levels of IL-13 were decreased in the high HIV-1 RNA group and the high HIV-1 DNA group(U=0.00 and 2.00,both P<0.05);the levels of IL-21 were reduced in the high HIV-1 RNA group and in the low CD4 +T cell group(U=3.00 and 2.00, both P<0.05),the levels of IL-28A were decreased in the high HIV-1 RNA group,the high HIV-1 DNA group,and the low CD4 +T cell group(U=3.00, 0.50 and 3.00,P<0.05 or <0.01).In addition, rs368234815 was associated with IL-21 level(H=6.690,P<0.05),the IL-21 level in rs368234815 ΔG/ΔG [131.88(2.66,174.00)]was higher than that in TT/TT[6.79(2.81,26.48)](P<0.05);rs4803223 was correlated with IFN-γlevel(H=6.690, P<0.05),the IFN-γlevel in GG subtype[62.26(19.45, 96.49)]was higher than that in GA subtype[6.98(2.19, 99.14)](P<0.05).Conclusion The polymorphisms of IFNL3/IFNL4 rs368234815, rs8099917 and rs4803223 are associated with efficacy of HAART and immune-associated cytokines levels in patients with HIV-1 infection.

Clinical characteristics and influencing factors on prognosis of pregnancy complicated with intracerebral hemorrhage / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical features and factors affecting prognosis for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) during pregnancy and postpartum.Methods A study of ICH was performed on 61 women in Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University between January 1997 and December 2014,and all cases were diagnosed with cerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage during pregnancy or six weeks after delivery with CT or MRI after exclusion of ICH due to craniocerebral trauma.The subjects were divided into surgery (n=26) and conservative treatment (n=35) groups according to different ways of treatment;pregnancy associated problems (n=11) and cerebrovascular diseases groups according to the aetiology of ICH;low (n=13) and high score group (n=48) according their Glasgow score at the first visit;and short clinical onset to diagnosis time (O-D time) group (≤ 24 h,n=33) and long O-D time (＞24 h) group (n=28).We compared the maternal clinical features and prognosis between different groups with t,Mann-Whitney U or Chi-square tests.A stratified logistic regression was used to assess the effect of factors affecting the prognosis.Results The average gestational age at the onset of ICH of the 61 cases was (28.8±8.3) weeks (6-40 weeks),the Glasgow score was (11.3±4.8),the median O-D time was 24.0 h,the modified Rankin scale (mRS) was 2.7,and 14 maternal deaths were reported (23.0％).Among the 61 women,three were terminated in early trimester,12 terminated in second trimester,and the rest 46 delivered in late term among which two fetal deaths,44 live births,and four neonatal deaths.Thus the perinatal infant death rate was 13.0％ (6/46).The difference of maternal clinical features and prognosis between the surgery and conservative treatment group was not significant (all P＞0.05).However,comparison between the cerebrovascular disease and pregnancy associated diseases group showed the latter had a lower Glasgow score and Apgar score [12.2(3.0) vs 7.5(12.0),(8.9±1.9) vs (7.2±2.6)],the higher mRS [2.4(2.0) vs 3.9(5.0)] and gestational age [(27.7±8.4) vs (34.9±4.1)],maternal mortality rate [14.0％ (7/50) vs 7/11] and perinatal death rate [5.4％ (2/37) vs 4/11] (t or x2=-3.09,-2.34,1.93,1.17,2.12 and 1.78,all P＜0.05).For women with low Glasgow score,the median O-D time was shorter than that of higer Glasgow score group (8.0 vs 48.0 h),the mRs and maternal mortality rate were higher 4.9(2.5) vs 3.1(2.0);9/13 vs 10.4％(5/48),t,U or x2=426.00,5.77 and 19.14,all P＜0.05].The short O-D time group showed lower Glasgow score and average Apgar score of the newborns than the long O-D time group [9.8(11.3) vs 13.2(2.0),(7.9±2.7) vs (9.2±0.9);t,U or x2=-2.91 and-2.23,both P＜0.05].The Glasgow scores was negatively associated with the mRs (OR=-0.26,95％CI:-0.16 to-0.05).In particular,O-D time (OR=0.03,95％CI:0.00-0.66) and pre-eclampsia (OR=0.33,95％CI:0.12-0.26) were both positively related to maternal mRs.However,the Glasgow scores,surgical treatment,O-D time and concomitant pre-eclampsia were irrelevant to the death ofperinatal infants (all P＞0.05).Conclusions The prognosis is poor in women with ICH during pregnancy or postnatal period whose Glasgow score was low or O-D time was long,or the ICH occurred due to pre-eclampsia.Antenatal care should be strengthened and early identification and diagnosis might improve the prognosis.

Delta-shaped anastomosis in total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility of laparoscopically intracorporeal delta-shaped anastomosis in distal gastrectomy.Methods 82 consecutive patients with distal gastric cancer received laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, including intracorporeal delta-shaped anastomosis in 39 cases, and handassisted Billroth-Ⅰ anastomosis in 43 cases.The operative time, blood loss, anastomosis time were compared between the two groups.Results There were no differences between the two groups with regard to the operative time [(215 ± 24) min vs.(207 ± 13) min, t =0.406, P ＞ 0.05] and blood loss [(56 ±21)ml vs.(65 ± 26)ml, t =1.441, P ＞ 0.05], although the intracorporeal Delta-shaped anastomosis was more time-consuming than the extracorporeal Billroth-Ⅰ anastomosis [(17 ± 8) min vs.(12 ± 3) min, t =2.529, P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions Demanding expertise and some skills, totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with intracorporeal delta-shaped anastomosis is safe and feasible.

The application of PBL combined with PICO model in clinical nursing practice teaching / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of problem-based 1earning (PBL) combined with PICO model in clinical nursing internship teaching.Methods A retrospective case-control study was adopted,133 undergraduate nursing students in grade 2010 were selected as theexperimental group,and 128 undergraduate nursing students in grade 2009 were selected as the control group.The students in the experimental group received a teaching method which combined PBL with PICO model,while the students in the control group received traditional teaching methods.The two groups were evaluated by Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and questionnaire survey.Results The OSCE grade and evaluation of teaching method in the experimental group students were higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions PBL combined with PICO model teaching methods are not only beneficial to cultivate and improve the clinical nursing competency and comprehensive qualities of the nursing students,but also let the students gradually learn and permeate the ideas of any decision made by clinician should be based on the scientific research results,which from the main thought of the evidence-based practice.It can lay a good foundation for going to work in the future,and is also worthy of being popularized and applied in clinical internship teaching of undergraduate nursing students.

Clinical Study on Effect of Baohe Granules on Chronic Heart Failure Patients with TCM Syndrome and Gastrointestinal Hormone Secretion / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This article was aimed to study the effect of Baohe granules for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome and the effect of gastrointestinal hormone secretion. Patients with CHF were used as the object of study. A total of 80 selected patients were divided into 2 groups. The control group was treated with western medicine anti-heart failure therapy. The treatment group was treated with the combination of Baohe granules. All patients were compared in aspects of TCM efficacy, symptom score and serum gastrin, motilin secretion after two-week medication. The results showed that both treatments can significantly improve the TCM syn-drome and symptom total score of CHF patients. And the effect of the treatment group with Baohe granules was bet-ter. The TCM single symptom integral was also obviously improved in the treatment group combined with Baohe granules, which included heart palpitations, shortness of breath, abdominal distension, and loss of appetite. The GAS and MTL levels of CHF patients were significantly increased in the treatment group. It was concluded that the treat-ment combined with Baohe granules can improve CHF patients with TCM syndromes, symptoms and gastrointestinal hormone secretion. Thus, it contributed to the stability of the disease condition. It can slow the disease progression and improve prognosis. So it is worth using widely in the clinical practice.

Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy versus fenestration/coagulation or laser vaporization for the treatment of endometriomas: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

AIM: To compare outcomes after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy versus fenestration/coagulation or laser ablation for the treatment of endometriomas. METHODS: Studies were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases using the terms ovarian, endometrioma or endometriosis, cystectomy, fenestration, coagulation, laser, and ablation or vaporization. The outcomes of interest were recurrence of signs/symptoms and endometrioma, reoperation, pregnancy, and ovarian reserve. RESULTS: Seven studies were included. The risk of recurrence of signs/symptoms after surgery was significantly lower for laparoscopic cystectomy compared with fenestration/coagulation [risk ratio (RR): 0.29; 95% CI: 0.15-0.55; I² = 0%; p < 0.001], as was the risk of recurrence compared with fenestration/coagulation (RR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.26-0.97; I² = 0%; p = 0.04) and laser vaporization (RR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.12-0.88; I² = 0%; p = 0.03). The risk of pregnancy was significantly higher for cystectomy compared with fenestration/coagulation (RR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.49-4.69; I² = 0%; p < 0.001), but not laser vaporization (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.30-2.80; p = 0.89). There were inadequate data for the meta-analysis of ovarian reserve. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that cystectomy provides better outcomes than fenestration/coagulation or laser ablation regarding recurrence of symptoms and endometrioma as well as pregnancy rate (fenestration/coagulation only). Further studies are needed to clarify the effect of these surgical approaches on ovarian reserve.

Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy sensitivity and associated gene expressions in cervical cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To study the associations between neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT)sensitivity and expression of relative proliferation and apoptosis genes in cervical cancer tissues. Furthermore,the potential roles of relative genes expression as monitor in the chemotherapy against cervical cancer tissues were studied. Methods Fifteen pathologically proved Ⅱ A stage cervical cancer patients with HPV 16 positive were divided into effective group and non-effective group according to the clinical response to NACT, the changes of HPV16-E6, p53 genes and proteins expressions were measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. At the same time, MTT assay was used to detected proliferative activity to paclitaxel liposome and carboplatin (paraplatin) in HeLa cells. Results In effective group, the overall response rate was 73.3 % (11/15) and the HPV16-E6 mRNA and protein level after NACT was significantly decreased than that before NACT (t=3.359, t=3.614, P＜0.05), while p53mRNA and protein level increased significantly (t =5.852, t=2.838, P ＜0.05). However, there have no significant different between pre-NACT and Post-NACT of the two genes in the non-effective group. After using chemotherapy HeLa cells growth decreased. Conclusion HPV16-E6 and p53 expreesion level are useful paraneters in evaluating NACT response in cervical cancer tissues. The detection of the two genes expression is a method for predicting efficacy in NACT.

Effect of HPV E6 siRNA on the proliferation and chemotherapy sensitivity of cervical cancer HeLa cells / 基础医学与临床

Objective To elucidates the effects of HPV18 E6 siRNA targeting at human papillomavirus(HPV)18 E6 gene on the proliferative activity of HeLa cells and chemotherapy sensitivity.Methods HPV18 E6 expression of HeLa cells was inhibited by siRNA interference,the change of P53 and P21 proteins expression level was measured by Western blot.MTT assay was used to detected proliferative activity and sensitivity to paclitaxel liposome of HeLa cells.Results After inhibition of E6 expression,P53 and P21 proteins increased and the growth of HeLa cells was decreased(P ＜0.01).The inhibition rate of HeLa was markedly increased after transfection of HPV18 E6 siRNA and paclitaxel liposome.Conclusion HPV18 E6 siRNA can effectively silence gene expression of E6 and inhibit proliferation of HeLa cells.HeLa cells are more sensitive to combine HPV18 E6 siRNA with paclitaxel liposome than that of control groups.

Gasless Laparoscopic Surgery for Gynecological Diseases:Report of 58 Cases / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To discuss the safety and efficacy of gasless laparoscopy in gynecological surgery.Methods A total of 58 patients who received gasless laparoscopic surgery from October 2006 to December 2007 were enrolled in this study.Among the patients,31 underwent ovarian cystectomy,23 received myomectomy,3 laparoscopic-assisted transvaginal hysterectomy(LAVH),and 1 salpingectomy(because of ectopic pregnancy).One trocar was used in 13 cases(ovarian cystectomy in 11 and myomectomy in 2) with the assistance of hysteroscopic resectoscopy,two trocars were employed in 27 cases(ovarian cystectomy in 11 and myomectomy in 16),and three trocars in 18 cases(ovarian cystectomy in 9,myomectomy in 5,LAVH in 3,and salpingectomy in 1).The instruments employed in this study were purchased from Daoke Co.Results All of the 58 surgeries were successfully completed.In the patients received ovarian cystectomy,the mean intraoperative blood loss was(46.8?10.1) ml(ranged from 10 to 200 ml),and the mean operation time was(66.3?6.7) min(30-150).While in the patients underwent myomectomy,the mean intraoperative blood loss was(94.3?8.2) ml(10-400),and the mean operation time was(104.3?6.7) min(60-180).For the 3 cases of LAVH,intraoperative blood loss was 100,200,and 150 ml;and operation time was 255,240,and 135 min,respectively.The salpingectomy was finished within 30 min.None of the 58 patients developed complications during and after the operations.They were discharged from the hospital in(7.9?1.6) days,and were followed up for 3 to 6 months,during which no complications occurred.Conclusions Gasless laparoscopic surgery is safe,effective,and minimally invasive for gynecological diseases.The procedure can be used for eldly patients and those who cannot tolerate general anesthesia due to cardiovascular diseases.

The change of intestinal mucosal barrier in severe acute pancreatitis / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of the changes of the intestinal mucosal barrier in Severe acute pancreatitis.Methods:Twenty patients with Severe acute pancreatitis were admitted and 10 volunteers as the control group.The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF_?)、nitric oxide(NO)、diamine oxidase(DAO) and the concentration of plasma endotoxin(ET) were measured.The ratio of lactulose to mannitol in urine was detected by HPLC with Pulsed Electrochemical Detection.Results:Compared with the control group,significantly increasing parameters could be seen in all the patients with Severe acute pancreatitis,including the ratio of lactulose to mannitol in urine (P

Study on Gallbladder Carcinoma Apoptosis Induced by Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide Targeting survivin / 中国普外基础与临床杂志

Objective To study the apoptosis of gallbladder carcinoma cell line GBC-SD induced by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) targeting survivin. Methods ASODN targeting survivin was transfected into GBC-SD cells mediated by lipofectin. Cultured cells were divided into 3 groups: control group,sense oligonucleotide (SODN) group and ASODN group. After transfected for 16 h, the cultured cells were harvested and the following texts were carried out. The expression of survivin mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Flow cytometer were used to detect apoptosis. Morphological changes were observed by electron microscopy. Results The expression of survivin mRNA was decreased 47.83% in ASODN group while apoptosis was increased from (0.50?0.23)% to (26.28? 3.91)%. Abnormal morphological changes of cells were observed in ASODN group and apoptosis bodies were found in some gallbladder carcinoma cells. Conclusion The expression of survivin may be decreased in GBC-SD cells after ASODN transfection.ASODN targeting survivin could induce gallbladder carcinoma cells apoptosis effectively.

Experimental study on the cell apoptosis induced by hyper thermia in human gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective: To study the effect of hyperthermia treatment on apoptosis of human gallbladder carcinoma cell line GBC-SD.Methods: Human cultured gallbladder carcinoma cell GBC-SD in vitro was heated for 1 hour at 40℃ and 43℃.Then 6h、12h、20h later GBC-SD cells were collected,respectively.The morphologic character was observed under the microscope,the biological character was ascertained by DNA electrophoresis,the percentage of the cell apoptosis and the alteration of cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry.Results: After 1 hour heated at 43℃,gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells occurred the most obvious apoptosis in 12h and 20h.Typical apoptotic bodies appeared,and DNA Ladder was demonstrated on DNA electrophoresis.Apoptotic peak and the change of cell cycle were tested by the flow cytometry.Conclusion:One hour moderate hyperthermia treatment at 43℃ is the effective heat-dosage to induce human gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cell apoptosis. [

The significance of the expression of p53,bcl-2 and c-erbB-2 genes in gastric cancer and its precancerous lesions / 中国现代普通外科进展

0.05) was observed. Bcl 2 expression was related with differentiation of GC(P0.05).Conclusion: p53,bcl 2,c erbB 2 may be involved in the development of GC.

Inhibition of survivin and bcl-2 Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides Combined Transfection on the Human Gallbladder Carcinoma Cell Line GBC-SD in vitro / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of survivin and bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides ( AsODN) combined transfection on the human gallbladder carcinoma cell line GBC-SD in vitro. Methods: Survivin and Bcl-2 protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemical method; Cultured cells were divided into 4 groups: Nomal control group, survivin antisense observed group, bcl-2 antisense observed group and combined group. After transfected for 24 h, the expression of survivin mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cell morphological changes were observed under electron microscopy. Apoptosis index (AI) was examined by flow cytometry; Inhibitory rate (IR) was determined by the colorimetri MTT cell viability and proliferation assay. Results: Survivin and Bcl-2 protein were highly expressed in gall bladder carcinoma cells; The expression of survivin mRNA was decreased 47. 8%. Abnormal morphological changes of cells were observed in the three AsODN transfection groups; The AI in survivin antisense observed group,bcl-2 antisense observed group,and combined group was 11.38%?3.91% , 9.26%?4.15% , 28.45%?6.34% respectively and significantly higher than the nomal control group (P

THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTION OF MALTOL ON ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE / 中国药理学通报

Maltol is a chemical derived from Chinese herb Panax Ginseng. The effect of maltol on hemolysis and hydroperoxidation of erythro-cytes induced by active oxygen radical is presented. Maltol could protect hemolysis induced by H2O2 in vitro. When erythrocyte membrane protein was exposed to butylhydroperoxide in vitro, membrane protein was polymerized, and membrane lipids were oxidized to hydroperoxide compound. These oxidative reactions could inhibited by maltol. The results showed that maltol might act as a scavenger of superoxide of hydroxy radical as demonstrated by biochemical method and ESR spin method。