"Del miedo a la resiliencia". Estudio fenomenológico sobre el impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en cuidadoras de pacientes dependientes en hemodiálisis / "From fear to resilience". Phenomenological study on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on caregivers of dependent hemodialysis patients

Objetivo: Profundizar en el conocimiento sobre las vivencias y el soporte percibido en cuidadoras primarias que atendieron a pacientes dependientes en tratamiento con hemodiálisis durante el periodo de pandemia por COVID-19 en la ciudad de Madrid.Material y Método:estudio transversal efectuado con diez cuidadoras primarias de pacientes en tratamiento de hemodiálisis que habían proporcionado cuidados durante el periodo de marzo 2020 a junio 2021. La recolección de los datos se realizó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a distancia hasta conseguir la saturación de las unidades de significado. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo fenomenológico mediante el método de siete pasos de Colaizzi.Resultados:del análisis de los discursos emergieron dimensiones asociadas a diferentes subcategorías: miedo inicial sobre la enfermedad, pérdida de libertad, riesgo percibido durante el transporte, soporte percibido por parte de los centros de diálisis, capacidad de resiliencia, miedo a la muerte e impacto de la vacunación.Conclusiones:en la etapa álgida del brote epidémico las vivencias de las cuidadoras estuvieron muy influidas por el desconocimiento de la enfermedad y el miedo al contagio. Adaptaron medidas de auto prevención para mantener a salvo a su familiar. Apreciaron la seguridad proporcionada por los profesionales de los centros. Les preocupaba los riesgos inherentes a los traslados y la falta de soporte de los servicios sociales. Son conscientes de su propia fragilidad y la de la persona cuidada y no perciben grandes cambios ni en su forma de vida ni en su esperanza de futuro, pese a la vacunación y otros adelantos científicos. (AU)

Objective: Deepening knowledge of the experiences and support perceived in primary caregivers who attended patients in hemodialysis treatment during the pandemic period for COVID-19 in the city of Madrid.Material and Method:Cross-sectional study conducted with ten primary caregivers of patients in hemodialysis treatment who had provided care during the period from March 2020 to June 2021. The collection of the data was carried out through semi-structured distance interviews to achieve saturation of the units of meaning. A phenomenological qualitative analysis was carried out using Colaizzi’s seven-pass method.Results:From the analysis of the speeches, dimensions associated with different subcategories emerged: initial fear about the disease, loss of freedom, perceived risk during transport, perceived support from dialysis centres, resilience, fear of death and impact of vaccination.Conclusions:At the height of the outbreak, caregivers’ experiences were strongly influenced by their lack of knowledge of the disease and fear of infection. They adapted self-prevention measures to keep their family member safe. They appreciated the safety provided by the professionals in the centres. They were concerned about the risks inherent in transfers and the lack of support from social services. They are aware of their own and the cared-for person’s frailty and do not perceive major changes in their way of life or in their hope for the future, despite vaccination and other scientific advances. (AU)

Encuesta de las medidas de control de Staphylococcus aureusresistente a meticilina en los hospitales que participan en el programa VINCat / Survey of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus control measures in hospitals participating in the VINCat program

INTRODUCCIÓN: VINCat es un programa de vigilancia de la infección nosocomial en los hospitales de Cataluña. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el cumplimiento de las medidas de control de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM) en dichos centros. MÉTODOS: De enero a marzo de 2013 se realizó una encuesta por correo sobre las características de los hospitales y la aplicación de las medidas de control de SARM. RESULTADOS: Respondieron 53 hospitales (>500 camas: 7; 200-500 camas: 14;<200 camas: 32; tenían UCI: 29). Disponían de alerta informática de reingresos el 63%. Realizaban vigilancia activa de los traslados de otro hospital el 46,2%, o centro de larga estancia el 55,8%, siendo ambas medidas significativamente más frecuentes en hospitales con una tasa de SARM≤22% (mediana global). Observaban el cumplimento de higiene de manos el 77,4% de los centros y fue mayor al 50% en el 69,7%. Todos los hospitales aplicaban precauciones de contacto, aunque el 62,3% no disponían de material clínico de uso frecuente exclusivo. La limpieza de la habitación se realizaba más frecuentemente en el 54,7% y tenían programas de adecuación del uso de antibióticos el 67,9%. CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio informa sobre la implementación de medidas preventivas de SARM en hospitales del programa VINCat. Aunque la mayoría de los hospitales disponen de un protocolo específico, el cumplimento de las medidas es mejorable, especialmente la detección activa en pacientes de riesgo, la adherencia a la higiene de manos, la limpieza más frecuente de la habitación y la optimización del uso de antibióticos

INTRODUCTION: VINCat is a nosocomial infection surveillance program in hospitals in Catalonia. The aim of the study was to determine the surveillance and control measures of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in these centres. METHODS: An e-mail survey was carried out from January to March 2013 with questions related to the characteristics of the hospitals and their control measures for MRSA. RESULTS: A response was received from 53 hospitals (>500 beds: 7; 200-500 beds: 14;<200 beds: 32; had ICU: 29). Computer alert of readmissions was available in 63%. There was active surveillance of patients admitted from another hospital (46.2%) or a long-term-care centre (55.8%), both being significantly more common measures in hospitals with a rate of MRSA≤22% (global median). Compliance with hand hygiene was observed in 77.4% of the centres, and was greater than 50% in 69.7% of them. All hospitals had contact precautions, although 62.3% did not have exclusive frequently used clinical material in bedrooms. The room cleaning was performed more frequently in 54.7% of hospitals, and 67.9% of them had programs for the appropriate use of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides information on the implementation of measures to prevent MRSA in hospitals participating in the VINCat program. Most of the centres have an MRSA protocol, however compliance with it should be improved, especially in areas such as active detection on admission in patients at risk, hand hygiene adherence, cleaning frequency and optimising the use of antibiotics

[Survey of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus control measures in hospitals participating in the VINCat program]. / Encuesta de las medidas de control de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina en los hospitales que participan en el programa VINCat.

INTRODUCTION: VINCat is a nosocomial infection surveillance program in hospitals in Catalonia. The aim of the study was to determine the surveillance and control measures of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in these centres. METHODS: An e-mail survey was carried out from January to March 2013 with questions related to the characteristics of the hospitals and their control measures for MRSA. RESULTS: A response was received from 53 hospitals (>500 beds: 7; 200-500 beds: 14;<200 beds: 32; had ICU: 29). Computer alert of readmissions was available in 63%. There was active surveillance of patients admitted from another hospital (46.2%) or a long-term-care centre (55.8%), both being significantly more common measures in hospitals with a rate of MRSA≤22% (global median). Compliance with hand hygiene was observed in 77.4% of the centres, and was greater than 50% in 69.7% of them. All hospitals had contact precautions, although 62.3% did not have exclusive frequently used clinical material in bedrooms. The room cleaning was performed more frequently in 54.7% of hospitals, and 67.9% of them had programs for the appropriate use of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides information on the implementation of measures to prevent MRSA in hospitals participating in the VINCat program. Most of the centres have an MRSA protocol, however compliance with it should be improved, especially in areas such as active detection on admission in patients at risk, hand hygiene adherence, cleaning frequency and optimising the use of antibiotics.