Acyclovir inhibits white spot syndrome virus replication in crayfish Procambarus clarkii.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a fatal pathogen threatening global crustacean industry with no commercially available drugs to control WSSV. To address the urgent need for finding effective antiviral agents against WSSV, we examined the anti-WSSV activities of 11 common antiviral agents in crayfish Procambarus clarkia. The results showed that acyclovir displayed the highest inhibition on WSSV replication in vivo (92.59%, 50 mg/kg). Acyclovir repressed WSSV proliferation followed a dose-dependent fashion and pre- or post-treatment of acyclovir exerted strong inhibition on the viral loads. Further, we observed a markedly reduced expression levels of WSSV genes (immediate-early IE gene ie1, DNA polymerase gene DNApol and envelope protein gene Vp28) that are crucial in viral life cycle with the acyclovir treatment during the early infection. Meantime, we also found a significantly increased expressions of anti-oxidative as well as apoptosis related genes, suggesting that acyclovir could effectively suppress WSSV replication in vivo. Finally, acyclovir treatment could significantly improve the survival rate of WSSV-challenged crayfish by 56%. Taken together, acyclovir has the potential to be developed as a promising preventive or therapeutic agent against WSSV infection, and this finding may provide a reference for rapid discovery anti-WSSV agent in crustacean aquaculture.

Entanglement dynamics in double-cavity optomechanical systems.

We present a detailed study of a double-cavity optomechanical system, focusing on the dynamics of the entanglement between the cavity and mechanical modes, as well as the entanglement between two cavity modes. The discussions are based on a complete quantum approach without the standard practice of fluctuation expansion. The entanglement evolutions for various combinations of two different drives, such as those of the same blue detuning, of the same red detuning, and one red detuning and one blue detuning, are investigated. The relation of the entanglement and the rate of photon hopping between two cavities is also discussed.

4-(4-Methylbenzenesulfonamido)benzoic acid N,N-dimethyl-formamide mono-solvate.

In the title compound, C(14)H(13)NO(4)S·C(3)H(7)NO, the C-S-N-C torsion angle of -64.55 (17)° defines the folded conformation of the mol-ecule. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 83.367 (6)°. In a crystal, mol-ecules are linked into a chain along a axis through inter-molecular N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. There is also an intra-molecular C-H⋯π inter-action.