(23R,231 S,25S)-231,26-Ep-oxy-23-ethyl-furost-20(22)-en-3ß-ol.

The title compound, C29H46O3, is a steroid synthesized through a rearrangement of a sarsasapogenin derivative in acidic medium. The newly formed ring F is a tetra-hydro-2H-pyran heterocycle substituted by two methyl groups placed in equatorial positions. This ring displays a chair conformation, while di-hydro-furan ring E, to which it is bonded, has an envelope conformation. The mol-ecules are associated by weak O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form chains running in the [101] direction in the crystal.

Optimisation and Characterisation of the Protein Hydrolysate of Scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) Visceral By-Products.

In this research, scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) visceral meal (SVM) and defatted meal (SVMD) were analysed for their proximal composition, protein solubility, and amino acid profile. Hydrolysed proteins isolated from the scallop's viscera (SPH) were optimised and characterised using response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design. The effects of three independent variables were examined: temperature (30-70 °C), time (40-80 min), and enzyme concentration (0.1-0.5 AU/g protein) on the degree of hydrolysis (DH %) as a response variable. The optimised protein hydrolysates were analysed for their proximal composition, yield, DH %, protein solubility, amino acid composition, and molecular profile. This research showed that defatted and isolation protein stages are not necessaries to obtain the hydrolysate protein. The conditions of the optimization process were 57 °C, 62 min and 0.38 AU/g protein. The amino acid composition showed a balanced profile since it conforms to the Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation recommendations for healthy nutrition. The predominant amino acids were aspartic acid + asparagine, glutamic acid + Glutamate, Glycine, and Arginine. The protein hydrolysates' yield and DH % were higher than 90% and close to 20%, respectively, with molecular weight between 1-5 kDa. The results indicate that the protein hydrolysates of scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) visceral by product optimised and characterised was suitable a lab-scale. Further research is necessary to study the bioactivity properties with biologic activity of these hydrolysates.

Las cosmogonías de lo animal como ontologia de revaloración ante la visión occidental. Una postura desde la bioética

El presente artículo explora diferentes cosmogonías referentes a la importancia y valor que se les ha dado a los animales a lo largo de la historia. Los animales eran considerados, en culturas antiguas orientales y occidentales, seres divinos, fantásticos e importantes, incluso a veces más poderosos que el ser humano; gozaban, además, del respeto y cuidado de los humanos. Con el paso del tiempo, en la cultura occidental, los animales han sido reducidos a simples objetos de consumo, provocando incluso prácticas crueles, desde la relación ser humano-animal fundada en criterios económicos, de salud y científicos. El valor moral, con base en la ontologia de la cosificación, del utilitarismo, que se les ha asignado a las especies animales desde la cultura occidental tiene un efecto en el entorno natural, al impactar negativamente a las especies animales, ya que incluso las normas, leyes y reglamentos privilegian al ser humano, poniendo en riesgo el bienestar y permanencia de diversas especies y su hábitat, que también es el de otras miles de especies que constituyen biodiversidad. Los animales desempeñan un papel de importancia, no solo en la sociedad, sino en el ecosistema en general; como personas, debemos revalorar nuestra postura ante las especies, en el orden de vivir en un ambiente de respeto no solo desde nuestro bienestar, sino desde el derecho a la vida digna que merecen todos los seres vivos.

This article explores different cosmogonies concerning the importance and value given to animals throughout history. In ancient Eastern and Western cultures, animals were considered divine, fantastic, and important beings, sometimes even more powerful than human beings. They also enjoyed the respect and care of humans. With the passage of time, in Western culture, animals have been reduced to simple objects of consumption, even provoking cruel practices from the human-animal relationship based on economic, health, and scientific criteria. The moral value, based on the ontology of reification, of utilitarianism, which has been assigned to animal species from Western culture has an effect on the natural environment, negatively impacting animal species, even the rules, laws and regulations privilege human beings, putting at risk the welfare and permanence of various species and their habitat, which is also the habitat of thousands of species called biodiversity. Animals play an important role in society and the ecosystem in general; as people, we must reevaluate our position before the species to live in an environment of respect not only for our welfare but for the right to a dignified life that all living beings deserve.

Este artigo explora diferentes cosmogonias referentes à importância e ao valor que são dados aos animais ao longo da história. Os animais eram considerados, em culturas antigas orientais e ocidentais, seres divinos, fantásticos e importantes, inclusive, às vezes, mais poderosos do que o ser humano. Além disso, usufruíam do respeito e cuidado dos humanos. Com o passar do tempo, na cultura ocidental, os animais foram reduzidos a simples objetos de consumo, o que provocou práticas cruéis a partir da relação ser humano-animal fundamentada em critérios econômicos, sanitários e científicos. O valor moral, com base na ontologia da coisificação, do utilitarismo, que é designado às espécies animais a partir da cultura ocidental, tem um efeito no ambiente natural, ao impactar negativamente as espécies animais; até mesmo normas, leis e regulamentações privilegiam o ser humano, colocando em risco o bem-estar e permanência de diversas espécies e seu habitat, isto é, da biodiversidade. Os animais desempenham um papel de importância não somente na sociedade e no ecossistema em geral; por isso, como pessoas, devemos revalorizar nossa postura diante das espécies a fim de viver num ambiente de respeito tanto que considere nosso bem-estar quanto o direito a uma vida digna que todos os seres vivos merecem.

Experiencias de Mayabeque en el desarrollo de las especialidades de postgrado / Experiences in the development of postgraduate specialties in Mayabeque

En Cuba, la educación de postgrado promueve la formación de graduados universitarios, su actualización sistemática, posibilita el mejor desempeño profesional y académico.Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la formación postgraduada, en la provincia de Mayabeque,en el curso del 2019-2020.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, en el Departamento de Postgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, en Mayabeque, de septiembre 2019 a junio del 2020. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por indicadores del subsistema de Formación Académica, Formación de residentes; Maestrías, Especialidades y Doctorado. La muestra decarácter intencional fue conformada por tres indicadores de este subsistema: potencial científico, cantidad de escenarios docentes e internos verticales y residentes.Resultados: El potencial científico estuvo constituido por 101 investigadores, 98 especialistas de II grado, médicos y estomatólogos. Existían 344 escenarios asistenciales para la formación, el 96.22 por ciento consultorios médicos y policlínicos, 1.16 por ciento hospitales. Disminuyó en un 8.17 por ciento la formación en las especialidades médicas con respecto del curso 2018-2019, creció en un 5.6 por ciento laformación de especialistas de estomatología. Ascendió en un 5.6 % la formación de residentes. En formación 132 profesionales, el 68.18 por ciento residentes y el 31.82 por ciento internosverticales.Conclusiones: Los residentes de postgrado en formación resultan insuficientes con relación al potencial médico. Los escenarios docentes e internos verticales garantizan la calidad e integralidad de los profesionales con un impacto social y científico en la transformación de los servicios des alud(AU)

In Cuba, postgraduate education promotes the formation of university graduates, their systematic up-dating facilitates the best professional and academic performance.Objective: To describe the behavior of postgraduate formation in Mayabeque, in the course from 2019 to 2020.Methods: A descriptive cross-section study was carried out in the Postgraduate Department at Mayabeque Faculty of Medical Sciences, from September, 2019 to June, 2020. The studyuniverse was formed by indicators of the Academic Formation subsystem, Formation of residents; Masterships, Specialties and Doctorates. The intentional simple was formed bythree indicators of this subsystem: scientific potential, quantity of teaching scenarios, vertical interns and residents.Results: The scientific potential was formed by 101 investigators, 98 specialists of II degree,physicians and dentists. There were 344 assistance scenarios for the formation, the 96.22 per cent of Doctor´s Offices and policlinics, 1.16 per cent hospitals. The formation of medical specialties decreased in a 8.17 per cent in relation to the course 2018-2019, and the formation of specialistsof Dentistry increased in a 5.6 per cent. The formation of residents ascended in a 5.6 per cent. There were132 professionals in formation, the 68.18 per cent of residents and the 31.82 per cent were vertical interns.Conclusions: The postgraduate residents in formation result insufficient in relation to the medical potential. The teaching scenarios and the vertical interns guarantee the quality andintegrality of the professionals with a social and scientific impact in the transformation of the health services(AU)

N,N'-Di-cyclo-hexyl-N-(phthaloylglyc-yl)urea.

The mol-ecular structure of the title compound {systematic name: 1,3-di-cyclo-hexyl-1-[2-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-di-hydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)acet-yl]urea}, C23H29N3O4, derived from N,N'-di-cyclo-hexyl-urea, shows that the tertiary N atom substituted by a cyclo-hexyl and phthaloylglycyl groups adopts a perfectly planar geometry (bond-angle sum = 360.0°). In the same way as for N,N'-di-cyclo-hexyl-urea, the extended structure of the title compound features N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate chains of mol-ecules running in the [001] direction.

Synthesis and biological in vitro evaluation of the effect of hydroxyimino steroidal derivatives on breast cancer cells.

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in women, according to Global Cancer Observatory. This fact forces scientists to continue in the search for effective treatments against this aggressive type of cancer. Breast cancer frequently metastasizes to other organs, most often the bones, lungs, and liver. Breast cancer is normally associated with estrogen and progestogen levels and can be hormone or non-hormone dependent. In current experiments herein reported, some hydroxyimino spirostan derivatives showed great potential against MCF-7 breast cancer, a Luminal-A cancer. On the other hand, a set of synthesized 6-hydroxyimino-22-oxocholestane compounds had excellent activity against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. The synthesis of hydroxyamino derivatives from spirostan and 22-oxocholestane compounds was improved. The hydroxyimino compounds enhanced the bioactivity when compared with their parent carbonyl skeletons.

Azasteroids from diosgenin: Synthesis and evaluation of their antiproliferative activity.

In this work, we report the synthesis of two new azasteroids through the modification of the A and B rings of diosgenin 1. The 4-azasteroid derivative 12 was prepared in three steps using the α,ß-insaturated-3-keto compound 11 as a precursor, which was first oxidized with KMnO4/KIO4 followed by an oxidative cleavage of ring A, and subsequently cyclized with an ammonium salt, under focused microwave irradiation for a short time of 3 min. A second azasteroid was synthesized, for which the key step was the Beckmann rearrangement of ring B of the oxime 16, affording the lactam-type enamide 17 in good yield. The methodologies developed for the synthesis of the precursors derivatives 10 and 11 contribute to improved yields, compared to those reported in the literature. The biological activity of the azasteroidal compounds 12 and 17 and their precursors has been evaluated in cervical cancer cells (HeLa), colon (HCT-15), and triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) lines.

Valoración del método de estudio de caso virtual en el posgrado académico / Assessment of the virtual case study method in the academic postgraduate

Introducción: El método de estudio de caso por vía virtual es una herramienta didáctica de gran valor en el proceso pedagógico del posgrado. Este método, promueve el aprendizaje activo de los residentes, y posee inestimable valor como instrumento del posgrado que se imparte, su ejecución favorece el perfeccionamiento del programa de formación académica de la especialidad. Objetivo: Valorar la satisfacción de los residentes y profesores de la especialidad de Periodoncia con el método de estudio de caso virtual como herramienta didáctica. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, con enfoque cualitativo, desarrollada de enero a abril del 2020, en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara y en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de las FAR. La población estuvo compuesta por 6 profesores y 7 residentes de la especialidad de Periodoncia y 3 profesores de otras especialidades estomatológicas. Satisfacción con la utilización del caso clínico, residentes y profesores, constituyeron variables del estudio. Resultados: Los casos clínicos preparados por cada profesor, incluían dificultades que no tenían una única solución, para favorecer la comprensión de problemas divergentes y la adopción de soluciones mediante la reflexión. En el análisis de la satisfacción, la mayoría de las respuestas seleccionadas por los residentes y profesores fue siempre. Conclusiones: La satisfacción de residentes y profesores con el uso del estudio de caso virtual fue alta(AU)

Introduction: The virtual case study method is a valuable teaching tool in the postgraduate pedagogical process that can be used for the development of meaningful and autonomous learning. The case study by virtual means, promotes the active learning of the residents, and has invaluable value as an instrument of the postgraduate course that is taught, its execution favors the improvement of the academic training program of the specialty. Objective: To assess the satisfaction of residents and teachers of the periodontics specialty with the virtual case study method as a teaching tool. Method: A descriptive research, with a qualitative approach, was carried out from January to April 2020, at the Faculty of Stomatology of Villa Clara and at the University of Medical Sciences of the FAR. The population was made up of 6 professors and 7 residents of the periodontology specialty and 3 professors from other dental specialties. Satisfaction with the use of the clinical case, residents and teachers, were study variables. Results: The clinical cases prepared by each teacher included difficulties that did not have a single solution, to favor the understanding of divergent problems and the adoption of solutions through reflection. In the analysis of satisfaction; Most of the responses selected by residents and teachers were always. Conclusions: The satisfaction of residents and teachers of the Periodontics specialty with the use of the virtual case study method was high(AU)

Impact of a Virtual Endoscopy Training Curriculum in Novice Endoscopists: First Experience in Argentina.

BACKGROUND: Virtual reality simulation in gastrointestinal endoscopy is an educational tool that allows repetitive instruction in a non-patient care environment. AIM: To determine the impact of a virtual endoscopy training curriculum applying an objective pre- and post-training analysis on trainee endoscopists. METHODS: A before-after training study was carried out. Subjects were first year fellows of gastroenterology, who completed a questionnaire and then performed two pre-training simulated cases. The virtual endoscopy training curriculum consisted of an 8-h workday utilizing two GI MENTOR™ in a specialized clinical simulation center. After the training, all subjects completed the same two cases they did in the pre-training. Pre- and post-training results' comparisons were made by paired t test. RESULTS: Totally, 126 subjects were included (mean age 30 years, 61% female). A significant improvement from pre- to post-training was observed in psychomotor skills (total time, percentage, and number of balloons exploded) and endoscopic skills (cecal intubation time, percentage of examined mucosa, and efficacy of screening). There was also an improvement in the quality of the endoscopic study; percentage of examined mucosa over 85% showed a significant improvement post-training with an adjusted OR of 2.72 (95% CI 1.51-4.89, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Virtual endoscopy training curriculum produces a significant improvement in the trainee endoscopists performance and their psychomotor skills and introduces the concept of a quality endoscopic study in a non-patient, risk-free environment.

Treatment Adherence in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients from Argentina: A Multicenter Study.

METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional study involving seven referral centers from three cities of Argentina was undertaken. Patients with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), or indeterminate colitis (IBDU/IC) were invited to answer an anonymous survey, which included a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate adherence to therapies. Independent variables associated with inadequate adherence were evaluated. RESULTS: Overall, 447 UC/IBDU and 135 CD patients were enrolled. Median age was 37 years (range 21-72); 39.8% were male; median time from diagnosis was 6 years (0.5-35). 91.4% were under treatment with at least one oral medication; 50.3% of patients reported inadequate adherence to oral medications. Patients with UC/IBDU had a lower risk of inadequate adherence when compared to patients with CD (OR 0.57 (0.37-0.87)). 21.8% reported inadequate adherence to biologics; subcutaneous administration was significantly associated with inadequate adherence to biologics (OR 4.8 (1.57-14.66)). CONCLUSION: Inadequate treatment adherence is common among patients with IBD, and potentially modifiable factors were identified.

Mesoscale Assembly of Bisteroidal Esters from Terephthalic Acid.

A new series of bisteroidal esters was synthesized using a spacer group, sterols and sapogenins as substrates. Steroidal dimers were prepared in high yields employing diesters of terephthalic acid as linkages at the 3ß, 3'ß steroidal positions. In all attempts to crystallize bisteroids, it was observed that the compounds tended to self-organize in solution, which was detected when employing various solvent systems. The non-covalent interactions (van der Waals) of the steroidal moieties of this series of symmetrical bisteroids, the polarity of the solvents systems, and the different solubilities of the bisteroid aggregates, indeed induce the molecules to self-assemble into supramolecular structures with well-defined organization. Our results show that the self-assembled structures for the bisteroidal derivatives depend on the solvent system used: with hexane/EtOAc, membrane-shaped structures were obtained, while pure EtOAc afforded strand-shaped arrangements. In the CHCl3/CH3OH system, thin strands were formed, since van der Waals interactions are lowered in this system, as a consequence of the increased solubility of the bisteroids in CHCl3. Based on the characterization by SEM and XRD, we show evidence that the phenomenon of self-assembly of bisteroids occurs presenting different morphologies depending on the solvent used. The new steroidal dimer derivatives were characterized by NMR, TGA, DSC, SEM, and XRD. Finally, the molecular structure of one bisteroid was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis.

Diosgenin-3,6-dione: second polymorph in space group P212121.

The title steroid, [(25R)-spirost-4-en-3,6-dione, C27H38O4], is obtained by oxidation of diosgenin, using the Jones reagent (CrO3/H2SO4). The crystal structure was previously reported in space group P212121, but nonetheless with the wrong absolute configuration and omitting positions for H atoms [Rajnikant et al. (2000 ▸). Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. C, 12, 101-110]. The diffraction data set reported herein is for a second polymorph in the same space group, as evidenced by simulated powder patterns. Both forms are characterized by a similar ortho-rhom-bic unit cell, and a similar arrangement of the mol-ecules in the crystal structure. However, the conformation of the A/B rings in the steroid nucleus is slightly modified, leading to the observed polymorphism.

Comportamiento de algunos subsistemas de ciencia y técnica en la provincia Mayabeque / Behavior of some subsystems in Science and Technics in Mayabeque province

Introducción: la investigación es una acción planificada con la finalidad de resolver un problema científico, propiciando el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas en la superación profesional. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de algunos de los subsistemas de Ciencia y Técnica en la; provincia Mayabeque. Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Mayabeque en el periodo comprendido de enero del año 2012 hasta junio del 2016, el universo de estudio estuvo constituido por los ocho subsistemas de Ciencia y Técnica. La muestra de carácter intencional conformado por cinco subsistemas: investigación, resultados científicos técnicos, producción científica, generalización de resultados y categoría científica, analizándose los indicadores de Ciencia y Técnica oficiales enviados al MINSAP, mediante el análisis porcentual. Resultados: los proyectos de investigación protagonizados por profesionales fueron insuficientes, el número de resultados científicos introducidos se incrementó, el 67,39 por ciento de la producción científica correspondió a artículos publicados en revistas, capítulos de libros e ISBN. Se contaba con 56 investigadores hasta el 2016. Se identificaron 180 resultados a generalizar. Conclusiones: el incremento en el número de profesionales con categoría científica en la provincia Mayabeque refleja el despertar científico y motivación de estos por exponer soluciones alternativas a los problemas de salud de la población aunque el número de proyectos institucionales fue insuficiente en relación al potencial científico de la provincia(AU)

Introduction: investigation is a planned action with the purpose of solving a scientific problem, providing the development of scientific skills in the professional performance.Objective: to describe the behavior of some subsystems in Science and technics in Mayabeque province. Method: a descriptive transversal study was carried about at Mayabeque Faculty of Medical Sciences from January, 2012 to June, 2016, the universe was constituted by the five subsystems in Science and technics. The intentional sample was composed by five subsystems: investigation, scientific and technical results, scientific production, generalization of the results and the scientific category, the official indicators of Science and Technics were analyzed and sent to MINSAP, by perceptual analysis.Results: the investigation projects performed by professionals were insufficient, the number of introduced scientific results was increased, the 67, 39 per cent of the scientific production corresponded to articles published in scientific magazines, book chapters and ISBN. There were 56 investigators until 2016. 180 results to be generalized were identified. Conclusions: the increasing of the number of professionals with scientific category in Mayabeque province shows a scientific and stimulating movement for reporting alternative solutions to the health problems of the population although the number of institutional projects was insufficient in relation to the scientific potential of the province(AU)

Antiproliferative, Cytotoxic, and Apoptotic Activity of Steroidal Oximes in Cervicouterine Cell Lines.

Steroidal sapogenins have shown antiproliferative effects against several tumor cell lines; and their effects on human cancer cells are currently under study. Changes in the functionality on the steroidal structure make it possible to modify the biological activity of compounds. Herein, we report the synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity of two steroidal oxime compounds on cervical cancer cells. These derivatives were synthesized from the steroidal sapogenin diosgenin in good yields. The in vitro assays show that the steroidal oximes show significant antiproliferative activity compared to the one observed for diosgenin. Cell proliferation, cell death, and the cytotoxic effects were determined in both cervical cancer cells and human lymphocytes. The cancer cells showed apoptotic morphology and an increased presence of active caspase-3, providing the notion of a death pathway in the cell. Significantly, the steroidal oximes did not exert a cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes.

Prevalence and infection intensity of Rickettsia massiliae in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks from Mendoza, Argentina.

Rickettsia massiliae belongs to the spotted fever group and in the New World is commonly associated with the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Herein we investigate the presence of R. massiliae in Rh. sanguineus sensu lato ticks in a location near the Andean foothills (Mendoza, Argentina), to provide a prevalence estimate and to assess the infection intensity of this pathogen. Rickettsia massiliae infection was found in 5.1% of the Rh. sanguineus s.l ticks analyzed, all with high infection intensities. Molecular analysis determined that all R. massiliae-infected Rh. sanguineus s.l. ticks belonged to the temperate lineage.

Serological evidence of Rickettsia and Coxiella burnetii in humans of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

In Buenos Aires city (Argentina), the circulation of these agents has been detected mainly in vectors and animals, few human cases having been described. The aim of our study was to determine the seroprevalence of Rickettsia (spotted fever--SFG--and typhus--TG--groups) and Coxiella burnetii (Q fever agent) in residents of Buenos Aires city. The study involved 99 participants. Rickettsia IgG antibodies against SFG and TG were detected by IFA in 28.3% and 16.2% of serum samples, respectively. SFG titers were mostly 1/64 (53.6%) with a maximum of 1/512 (3.5%) whereas TG titers ranged between 1/64 (62.5%) and 1/256 (6.3%). Only one sample showed a titer of 1/32 for C. burnetii (phases I and II). The circulation of these pathogens in urban areas such as the city of Buenos Aires should be considered by health services, especially at the primary care level.

Sitio web para el aprendizaje de la historia clínica estomatológica / Website for the learning of dental clinical record

Se presenta un producto informático, útil como herramienta de apoyo en el aprendizaje del método para la confección de la historia clínica en Estomatología General Integral. De forma ordenada y estructurada se realiza una recopilación exhaustiva de los aspectos y conocimientos básicos necesarios para el estudio del tema, así como textos, imágenes y videos que ayudan a enriquecer el contenido. La estructuración permite un acceso rápido a todos los contenidos y puede ser empleado como texto básico para la formación de pregrado y material de consulta para estudiantes de posgrado(AU)

The present work shows an informatic product that helps to teach and study the method for the conformation of the clinical history in integral and general dentistry.An exhaustive compilation is presented about the main aspects needed for studying the isuue mentioned above.The structure oh the digital document allow a quick and easy acces to the content and make it usefull both as a basic text for junior students and as a consulting material for graduated(AU)

Sitio web para el aprendizaje de la historia clínica estomatológica / Website for the learning of dental clinical record

Se presenta un producto informático, útil como herramienta de apoyo en el aprendizaje del método para la confección de la historia clínica en Estomatología General Integral. De forma ordenada y estructurada se realiza una recopilación exhaustiva de los aspectos y conocimientos básicos necesarios para el estudio del tema, así como textos, imágenes y videos que ayudan a enriquecer el contenido. La estructuración permite un acceso rápido a todos los contenidos y puede ser empleado como texto básico para la formación de pregrado y material de consulta para estudiantes de posgrado.

The present work shows an informatic product that helps to teach and study the method for the conformation of the clinical history in integral and general dentistry.An exhaustive compilation is presented about the main aspects needed for studying the isuue mentioned above.The structure oh the digital document allow a quick and easy acces to the content and make it usefull both as a basic text for junior students and as a consulting material for graduated.

La escuela, marco ideal para desarrollar actividades de promoción y educación para la salud / The school, the ideal place to develop activities of promotion and education for health

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de destacar la importancia del desarrollo de actividades de promoción y educación, además se resalta la el papel de la escuela como marco ideal para promover salud y la labor de los promotores de salud como eslabón decisivo en la promoción de salud desde las escuelas. Se utilizaron las bases de datos MEDLINE, EBSCO, DOYMA, el buscador GOOGLE académico, la Literatura Cubana de Medicina de los últimos diez años, y algunos clásicos de la temática, localizados en los órganos de información del Sistema Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas. En el marco histórico-social en que se desarrolla la sociedad cubana contemporánea, es voluntad política promover actividades de promoción y educación para la salud desde el ámbito escolar. Los programas aplicados a través de las escuelas promotoras de salud pueden hacerle frente a muchos de los grandes desafíos sanitarios del mundo actual en ellas el promotor de salud de cada centro juega un papel fundamental en la formación de hábitos y conductas saludables desde etapas tempranas de la vida (AU)

A library review was performed with the objective to emphasize the importance of the development of health promotion and education activities, besides, the paper of the school as an ideal place to promote health is evidenced, as well as the task of health promoters as a decisive join in health promotion in schools. MEDLINE, EBSCO, DOYMA, Academic GOOGLE data base, the Cuban literature about Medicine of the last ten years and other classics, localized in the National information system of Medical Sciences were used. In the historical-social model in which the contemporary Cuban society is developed, there is a political will to organize promotion and health education activities in schools. The applied programs within the health promoting schools can face great sanitary challenges of the updated world. In those schools the health promoter of each place play a relevant paper in the formation of habits and healthy behaviors in early stages of live (AU)

La historia clínica estomatológica como herramienta en el método clínico y documento médico-legal / The clinical dental history as a tool in the clinical method and as medical-legal document

La historia clínica desempeña un papel fundamental en la calidad de la atención médica-estomatológica, es vital en la interrelación entre los diferentes niveles de atención. Los problemas en su confección, son atribuibles al desconocimiento de funciones, tipos, beneficios o perjuicios derivados de un contenido incompleto. El propósito del artículo es valorar la importancia de la calidad de la historia clínica estomatológica, por su valor en el diagnóstico preciso, como herramienta del método clínico y como documento médico legal. La historia clínica ideal es la que refleja de forma fidedigna todas las características clínicas del paciente y su evolución periódica. Los estomatólogos deben de reflejar todo el pensamiento médico durante el tratamiento del paciente, a fin de lograr mayor calidad en la historia clínica(AU)

The medical history plays a fundamental role in the quality of dentistry care, and it is vital in the interrelation among the various levels of care. The problems encountered in its preparation are attributable to the lack of knowledge about its functions, types, benefits or possible damages caused by the incomplete contents of the document. The objective of this article was to assess the significance of the quality of a dental history for accurate diagnosing, for the clinical method in dentistry and as a medical legal instrument. The ¿ideal¿ clinical history is the one that shows in a reliable way all the clinical characteristics of a patient and his/her systematic progress. It is important that the dentist expresses his/her medical thinking in the history during the treatment of a patient in order to raise the quality of the medical history(AU)