Coffee consumption has no effect on circulating markers of liver function but increases adiponectin concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has become the most common liver disorder worldwide, reaching a prevalence of 60% and 24% in patients with chronic liver disease and the general population, respectively. Liver function is often assessed using standard liver tests such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the potential beneficial effects of coffee consumption on liver function are scarce and their results are inconclusive. Some clinical trials have shown a significant increase in adiponectin concentrations following coffee consumption; however, there are few studies in this field. Hence, the hypothesis of this meta-analysis of RCTs is that coffee consumption decreases blood markers of liver function and increases adiponectin concentrations. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model followed by sensitivity analysis. Meta-analysis of 14 RCTs, including a total of 897 subjects, showed that coffee consumption has no significant effect on alanine aminotransferase (weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.89 mg/mL; 95% CI, -2.90 to 1.12; P = .39), aspartate aminotransferase (WMD, -0.29 mg/mL; 95% CI, -1.25 to 0.66; P = .55), gamma-glutamyl transferase (WMD, .10 mg/mL; 95% CI, -3.94 to 4.15; P = .96), alkaline phosphatase (WMD, -4.60 mg/mL; 95% CI, -9.26 to 0.07; P = .05), and lactate dehydrogenase (WMD, -0.65 mg/mL; 95% CI, -10.80 to 9.49; P = .90). However, coffee administration significantly increased adiponectin concentrations (WMD, 1.19 mg/mL; 95% CI, 0.08-2.31; P = .04). The results of this meta-analysis of RCTs suggest that coffee consumption may improve liver dysfunction through the elevation of adiponectin levels; however, further clinical trials are needed to corroborate our findings.

Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on renal function: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

AIMS: The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of the GLP-1 RA on renal function parameters in randomized controlled trials. METHODS: A systematic search was performed in PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model and sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Data from 18 randomized controlled trials involving 12 192 subjects, showed that treatment with GLP-1 RA had no effect on serum creatinine levels (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 0.00 mg/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.01, 0.01, P = .83, I2 = 0%) and glomerular filtration rate (WMD: 1.01 mL/min/1.73 m2 , 95% CI: -1.61, 3.63, P = .45, I2 = 75%). On the other hand, a significant reduction in urinary albumin excretion (WMD: -18.01 mg/day, 95% CI: -31.20, -4.82, P = .007, I2 = 23%) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (WMD: -6.74 mg/g, 95% CI: -12.64, -0.85, P = .03, I2 = 68%) was detected after GLP-1 RA therapy. CONCLUSION: Results of our meta-analysis revealed that GLP-1 RA treatment decreases urinary albumin excretion and albumin-to-creatinine ratio but it did not cause significant changes in creatinine levels and glomerular filtration rate.

Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on Lipid Levels: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis.

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that hydroxychloroquine may have positive effects on LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglyceride levels; however, the hypolipidemic activities of this drug are still uncertain. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to explore the effect of hydroxychloroquine on circulating lipid concentrations. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials examining the impact of hydroxychloroquine on lipid parameters were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model and sensitivity analysis through the leave one-out method. RESULTS: Meta-analysis showed that patients receiving hydroxychloroquine therapy significantly decreased total cholesterol (WMD: 0.18 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.28, -0.08, I2 = 6%, p = 0.0004), LDL-C (WMD: -0.21 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.36, -0.06, I2 = 75%, p = 0.006), triglycerides (WMD: -0.09 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.15, -0.04, I2 = 22%, p = 0.001), and non-HDL-C (WMD: -0.28 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.45, -0.12, I2 = 0%, p = 0.0009), and increased HDL-C concentrations (WMD: 0.03 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.06, I2 = 0%, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that hydroxychloroquine improves lipid parameters by reducing total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, non-HDL-C, and increasing HDL-C levels.

Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on circulating levels of leptin and resistin: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

AIM: Previous studies have found reduced concentrations of both leptin and resistin after glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) treatment; however, the evidence in this field is inconclusive. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to evaluate the effect of GLP-1 RA on both leptin and resistin levels. METHODS: The present systematic review and meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of GLP-1 RA on leptin and resistin concentrations. For this, PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases were searched. A random-effects model and a sensitivity analysis were performed for meta-analysis. RESULTS: Meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials comprising 1,025 subjects indicated that administration of GLP-1 RA significantly decreases leptin (WMD: -4.85 ng/mL, 95% CI: -9.32, -0.38, p = 0.03) and resistin (WMD: -1.40 ng/mL, 95% CI: -2.78, -0.01, p = 0.05) serum levels. However, the effect size was sensitive to four studies for both leptin and resistin concentrations. CONCLUSION: The results of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials suggest that GLP-1 RA therapy reduces both leptin and resistin levels.

Effect of hydroxychloroquine on glucose control in patients with and without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.

PURPOSE: The aim of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to evaluate the effect of hydroxychloroquine on glucose control. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials examining the impact of hydroxychloroquine on glycemic markers were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model and sensitivity analysis through the leave-one-out method. RESULTS: Meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction of fasting glucose (WMD: - 8.05 mg/dl; 95% CI: - 11.17, - 4.93; I2 = 75%; p ˂0.0001), 2-h postprandial glucose (WMD: - 15.52 mg/dl; 95% CI: - 20.61, - 10.42; I2 = 53%; p ˂0.00001), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values (WMD: - 0.19%, 95% CI: - 0.37, - 0.02; I2 = 94%; p = 0.03) after hydroxychloroquine treatment. Otherwise, meta-analysis showed no significant effect of hydroxychloroquine on insulin levels (WMD: 16.52 µUI/ml; 95% CI: - 16.35, 49.40; I2 = 90%; p = 0.32) and HOMA-ß (WMD: - 14.62; 95% CI: - 45.84, 16.59; I2 = 0%; p = 0.36). CONCLUSION: The present meta-analysis revealed that treatment with hydroxychloroquine improves glucose control through the reduction of fasting glucose, 2-h postprandial glucose, and HbA1c values. Given that the effect of hydroxychloroquine on beta-cell function is based only on two clinical trials, it is not possible to draw definitive conclusions.

Impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on adiponectin concentrations: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

AIMS: Previous studies have reported an elevation in adiponectin concentrations using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) therapy; however, this possible pleiotropic effect is still uncertain. Thus, the objective of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to assess the impact of GLP-1 RA on adiponectin levels. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of GLP-1 RA on circulating adiponectin concentrations. Studies from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were included. A random-effects model and a sensitivity analysis using the leave 1-out method were conducted. RESULTS: A meta-analysis of 20 randomized controlled trials involving 1497 individuals demonstrated a significant increase in adiponectin levels after GLP-1 RA administration (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 0.59 µg/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10, 1.08, P = .02). Particularly, liraglutide had a significant effect on adiponectin (WMD: 0.55 µg/mL, 95% CI: 0.04, 1.06, P = .04), while exenatide did not affect these concentrations (WMD: 0.60 µg/mL, 95% CI: -0.23, 1.42, P = .16). CONCLUSION: GLP-1 RA treatment is associated with an increase in adiponectin levels.