The personality puzzle: a comprehensive analysis of its impact on three buying behaviors.

This study aimed at examining the role of personality traits in impulsive buying, compulsive buying, and panic buying simultaneously during the COVID-19 pandemic. At the beginning of the third confinement announced by the Portuguese government, 485 Portuguese answered in this study, mean age of 41.9 years (min = 18, max = 84; SD = 12.9), and 29.9% were men. Analyzes were carried out to investigate the association of Big Five's personality factors with impulsive buying, compulsive buying, and panic buying. Results showed that the three buying behaviors under study have significant and positive correlations between them, and they also correlate with different personality traits. The association of each Big Five factor on buying behaviors differed. While conscientiousness was negatively and openness was positively associated with impulsive buying, conscientiousness was negatively associated with compulsive buying, agreeableness was positively associated with panic buying, and neuroticism correlated positively with all consumer behaviors. Understanding the personality traits that contribute to the development of a disorder may provide valuable insight into preventive measures and effective treatment approaches for some debilitating disorders. This study opens ways for investigating impulsive buying and compulsive buying by relating them to panic buying. It discusses the three different buying behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and future consumer research directions involving other variables.

Hope, health and cure: the meanings of the vaccine against COVID-19 / Esperança, saúde e cura: os significados da vacina contra a COVID-19 / Esperanza, salud y curación: los significados de la vacuna contra la COVID-19

The objective of this study was to identify the meanings that Brazilians attribute to the vaccines against COVID-19. A non-probabilistic sample of 1,817 Brazilians was used, each of whom answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and then the free word association technique was applied, with the inducing stimulus "vaccine for COVID-19". This data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in the SPSS software and the textual analysis was completed using IRaMuTeQ. The results were organized into classes: (1) "Vaccine - a glimmer of hope", portraying the expectation of healing and freedom; (2) "Vaccine - a scientific response to prevention", showing the role of research; and (3) "Vaccine - fears and political aspects", highlighting obstacles to vaccination. The results also demonstrated differences in responses depending on the region; adhesion to isolation; history of infection and hospitalization for COVID-19; being a frontline health professional; and being from a risk group. It is concluded that understanding the meanings of vaccination is essential for planning more effective interventions in immunization. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os significados que brasileiros atribuem às vacinas contra a COVID-19. Contou-se com amostra não probabilística de 1.817 brasileiros, que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e à técnica de associação livre de palavras, com estímulo indutor "vacina para COVID-19", analisados por meio de estatística descritiva no software SPSS e análise textual no IRaMuTeQ. Os resultados organizaram-se em classes: (1) "Vacina - um sopro de esperança", retratando a expectativa de cura e liberdade; (2) "Vacina - uma resposta da ciência para a prevenção", lembrando o papel das pesquisas; e (3) "Vacina - temores e aspectos políticos", ressaltando entraves à vacinação. Também trouxe diferenças nas evocações em função da região; adesão ao isolamento; histórico de infecção e internação por COVID-19; ser profissional de saúde da linha de frente e ser do grupo de risco. Conclui-se que compreender os significados da vacinação é essencial ao planejamento de intervenções mais efetivas na imunização. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los significados que los brasileños atribuyen a las vacunas contra la COVID-19. Contamos con una muestra de 1.817 brasileños, quienes respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la técnica de asociación libre de palabras, con el estímulo inductor "vacuna para COVID-19", analizado mediante estadística descriptiva en el SPSS y análisis textual en el IRaMuTeQ. Los resultados se organizaron en clases: (1) "Vacuna - un soplo de esperanza", retratando la expectativa de curación y libertad; (2) "Vacuna - una respuesta científica a la prevención", recordando el papel de la investigación; y (3) "Vacuna: miedos y aspectos políticos", destacando los obstáculos para la vacunación. También se identificaron diferencias en las respuestas según la región; la adherencia al aislamiento; los antecedentes de infección y hospitalización por COVID-19; ser un profesional de la salud de primera línea; y pertenecer a un grupo de riesgo. Se concluye que comprender los significados de la vacunación es fundamental para planificar intervenciones más efectivas de inmunización. (AU)

Humor Styles Are Related to Loneliness Across 15 Countries.

The relationships between self-report loneliness and the four humor styles of affiliative, aggressive, self-defeating, and self-enhancing were investigated in 15 countries (N = 4,701). Because loneliness has been suggested to be both commonly experienced and detrimental, we examine if there are similar patterns between humor styles, gender, and age with loneliness in samples of individuals from diverse backgrounds. Across the country samples, affiliative and self-enhancing humor styles negatively correlated with loneliness, self-defeating was positively correlated, and the aggressive humor style was not significantly related. In predicting loneliness, 40.5% of the variance could be accounted. Younger females with lower affiliative, lower self-enhancing, and higher self-defeating humor style scores had higher loneliness scores. The results suggest that although national mean differences may be present, the pattern of relationships between humor styles and loneliness is consistent across these diverse samples, providing some suggestions for mental health promotion among lonely individuals.

Evidências preliminares de validade de versão reduzida da escala de compra por impulso de Rook e Fisher / Preliminary Evidence of Validity of the Reduced Version of Rook and Fisher's Impulse Buying Scale

Resumo Introdução: A redução de escalas visa a redução da quantidade de itens, mantendo-se suas qualidades psicométricas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a redução da versão brasileira da escala de compra por impulso de Rook e Fisher. Método: Participaram do estudo 1173 brasileiros, sendo 868 mulheres e 305 homens com a média de idade de 24.8 anos e desvio-padrão de 12.7. Todos os participantes foram contatados via redes sociais ou e-mail. A pesquisa foi dividida em três estudos. Resultados: No primeiro estudo, a estrutura unifatorial do instrumento foi corroborada, uma vez que a análise paralela sugeriu a retenção de um fator e os índices de ajuste foram acima de .95. Foram selecionados quatro itens para comporem a versão reduzida. O segundo estudo analisou a estrutura interna e as cargas fatoriais da escala reduzida por meio da análise fatorial exploratória e da análise fatorial confirmatória. Os resultados da análise fatorial exploratória foram semelhantes aos do estudo 1 e a análise fatorial confirmatória também apresentou índices de ajuste acima de .90. No terceiro estudo foram realizadas correlações para verificar o grau de diferença das correlações entre a escala reduzida e a original. Foram obtidas evidências de validade preditiva com as escalas de materialismo, consumo de status e propensão ao endividamento. Ainda, realizou-se uma análise fatorial confirmatória multigrupo que verificou a invariância do instrumento entre homens e mulheres. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a escala reduzida de compra por impulso, 4-CI, é considerada adequada para a mensuração desse construto.

Abstract Introduction: Scale reduction aims the reduction of the number of the items maintaining its psychometric properties. The goal of this study was to reduce the Brazilian version of Rook and Fisher's impulsive buying scale. Method: Participants were 1173 Brazilians, in which 868 were women and 305 were men with mean of age of 24.8 years old and a standard deviation of 12.7. All participants were recruited via social media or e-mail. The research was split in three. Results: In the first study, the unifactorial structure was supported, once the parallel analysis suggested the retention of one factor, and the fit indexes were superior to .95. Four items were selected to form the reduced version. The second study analyzed the internal structure and the factorial loadings of the reduced scale through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results from the exploratory factor analysis were similar to those of study 1 and the confirmatory factor analysis also showed fit indexes above .90. In the third study, correlation analysis were run to verify the disparities between the reduced and the original scale. Predictive validity evidence was gathered with the materialism, consumption by status, and propension to indebtedness. Still, a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis verified the instrument invariance between men and women. Conclusion: It is concluded that the reduced impulsive buying scale, 4-CI, is considered adequate to the measurement of this construct.

Anxiety, depression, and stress: Can mental health variables predict panic buying?

The study aims to verify the predictive power of anxiety, depression, and stress over panic buying, and to assess gender differences. Data was collected in Brazil during May 2020 through an online questionnaire which was composed of sociodemographic questions, the Panic Buying Scale (PBS), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to assess anxiety and depression, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) to assess stress. 2297 Brazilians (520 men and 1777 women) aged between 18 and 85 years (M = 39.18 years; SD = 14.10 years) answered the questionnaire. Women reported statistically significant higher means' values for anxiety, depression, and stress than men. Though men reported higher panic buying levels than women, the difference was not statistically significant. The regression models revealed that anxiety and stress were panic buying predictors. Comparing gender, the regression models showed that mental health variables (anxiety and stress) explained a higher variance of men's panic buying values than women's values. Hence, there is a significant moderator gender effect between mental health variables and panic buying, as they explained more of the variance of panic buying for men than for women. Psychological support should be provided to individuals, and they should be alerted and educated to the potentially prejudicial outcomes of this type of consumer behavior. Further studies should investigate antecedents and consequences of panic buying.

Mental health: Would excessive buying be a crisis coping strategy?

The COVID-19 pandemic shined a light on mental health care and led to a deepening of the study of people's consumption habits. Individuals to dampen negative emotions experienced in crisis and to try to feel in control of their lives engaged in excessive buying. When we analyzed the predictive power of anxiety, depression, and stress over excessive buying as a coping strategy in a sample of Brazilian participants that a questionnaire throughout May 2020, we concluded depression and stress were statistically significant predictors of excessive buying as a coping strategy. Excessive buying functions as a coping strategy at an endangered time, as a way for individuals to protect themselves, decrease fear, and relieve negative feelings. It is imperative to focus on mental health literacy so that individuals appropriately identify signs of mental distress and seek professional help, and to educate society to conscientious consumption habits.

The general fault in our fault lines.

Pervading global narratives suggest that political polarization is increasing, yet the accuracy of such group meta-perceptions has been drawn into question. A recent US study suggests that these beliefs are inaccurate and drive polarized beliefs about out-groups. However, it also found that informing people of inaccuracies reduces those negative beliefs. In this work, we explore whether these results generalize to other countries. To achieve this, we replicate two of the original experiments with 10,207 participants across 26 countries. We focus on local group divisions, which we refer to as fault lines. We find broad generalizability for both inaccurate meta-perceptions and reduced negative motive attribution through a simple disclosure intervention. We conclude that inaccurate and negative group meta-perceptions are exhibited in myriad contexts and that informing individuals of their misperceptions can yield positive benefits for intergroup relations. Such generalizability highlights a robust phenomenon with implications for political discourse worldwide.

How Human Values Relate to Attitudes Toward Pornography: A Portuguese Survey.

Pornography consumption is increasing. Nevertheless, in Portugal, research is scarce, namely its relationship with psychosocial variables. We investigated the relation between human values and attitudes toward pornography consumption. Values were measured through the Basic Values Survey and attitudes toward pornography consumption were assessed with the Scale of Attitudes Toward Consumption of pornographic materials. The results showed that positive attitudes were associated with personal values (pleasure, sexuality, emotion, power, and prestige). Instead, the negative attitudes were associated with social values (religiosity and support). The consideration of values can help clinicians and sexual educators to better discuss and integrate pornography consumption.

Evitar ou punir, eis a questão?: tendência à ação frente a violações / To avoid or to punish, is that the question?: action tendencies towards moral violationsc / Evitar o castigar, ¿esa es la pregunta?: tendencia a actuar contra las violaciones morales

Buscou-se investigar a associação de tendências à ação frente a violações morais com códigos de ética e o nível de proximidade com o transgressor. Participaram 200 universitários (70% mulheres, idade M = 23 anos; DP = 6,62). Eles responderam questões sociodemográficas, a Escala de Comunidade, Autonomia e Divindade e a Lista de Tendências à Ação frente a Violações Morais. Análises mistas de variância sugeriram um efeito principal da ética, com a autonomia apresentando maiores escores; um efeito principal das violações, com transgressões de autonomia apresentando maiores escores; e um efeito principal do nível de proximidade com o transgressor, com maiores escores observados com desconhecidos. Uma interação foi observada da tendência à ação com o nível de proximidade, onde os participantes evitaram mais os amigos e puniram mais os desconhecidos. Pesquisas futuras sugerem a proximidade com o transgressor como uma variável relevante.

We sought to investigate the association among action tendencies in the face of moral violations with moral codes and the identity of the offender. Taking part were 200 university students (70% women, Mean age = 23 years, SD = 6.62). They answered sociodemographic questions, the Community, Autonomy and Divinity Scale, the Action Tendencies List towards Moral Violations. Mixed analyzes of variance suggested a main effect of ethics, with autonomy showing higher scores; a main effect of the violations, with transgressions of autonomy showing higher scores; and a main effect of the level of proximity to the offender, with higher scores observed with strangers. An interaction was observed between action tendencies and the level of proximity, where the participants avoided friends more and punished strangers more. Future research suggests proximity to the offender as a relevant variable.

Se buscó investigar la asociación de las tendencias a la acción frente a las violaciones morales con los códigos deontológicos y el nivel de cercanía al delincuente. Participaron 200 estudiantes universitarios (70% mujeres, edad M = 23 años; DT = 6,62). Respondieron preguntas sociodemográficas, la Escala Comunitaria, Autonomía y Divinidad y el Relación de Tendencias para la Acción ante Violaciones Morales. Los análisis mixtos de varianza sugirieron un efecto principal de la ética, con la autonomía mostrando puntuaciones más altas; un efecto principal de las violaciones, con transgresiones de autonomía que muestran puntajes más altos; y un efecto principal del nivel de proximidad al delincuente, con puntuaciones más altas observadas con extraños. Se observó una interacción desde la tendencia a la acción con el nivel de proximidad, donde los participantes evitaban más a los amigos y castigaban más a los extraños. Las investigaciones futuras sugieren la proximidad al delincuente como una variable relevante.

Development and initial psychometric properties of a panic buying scale during COVID-19 pandemic.

Fear is a powerful driver of human behavior, even more during times of crisis. Panic buying occurs when fear and panic influence behavior leading people to buy more things than usual. So far, no specific scale on this has been found in the major databases, thus the aim of this exploratory study is to develop a Panic Buying Scale (PBS) during COVID-19 pandemic. 393 Brazilians took part in this study (251 women and 142 men), answering a sociodemographic questionnaire and instruments of these variables: (1)panic buying, (2)impulse buying, (3)temporal focus, (4)optimism, (5)risk perception, (6)need for cognition. Data collection was conducted through an online questionnaire which was shared through social media networks, from April 10th to May 4th, 2020. Factorial exploratory and confirmatory analysis indicated that PBS has a unidimensional solution and showed satisfactory reliability indexes. Results revealed that men buy more by panic than women. PBS also was positively correlated with impulse buying, past and future temporal focus, and risk perception; as well as negatively correlated with optimism and age. Findings suggest that PBS is psychometrically acceptable in the Brazilian context. This new instrument can be useful to understand the psychosocial phenomena associated with consumer behavior. Future investigations could provide more evidences of validity in other contexts.

Validity evidences of the Buying Impulsiveness Scale in the Brazilian context / Evidências de validade da Escala de Compra por Impulso para o contexto brasileiro / Evidencias de validez de Escala de Compras por Impulso en el contexto brasileño

The objective of this study was to obtain evidence of validity of an instrument to measure the tendency to buy impulsively. A version adapted to Brazil of a Buying Impulsiveness Scale was applied to 1296 Brazilians from all states of the federation, with a mean age of 35.8 years (SD = 12.8). The results indicated a scale with one-factor structure, just like the original instrument, with an adequate index of internal consistency. Positive correlations were found between impulse buying tendency, normative social influence, and traits of impulsiveness of the consumer. The instrument was also able to differentiate people who make shopping lists from those who do not do them, and people who prefer to go shopping alone from those who prefer to buy accompanied by someone else. The evidences found in the study provide support to the use of the instrument for the Brazilian context. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar evidências de validade de um instrumento para aferir a tendência de comprar impulsivamente. Aplicou-se uma versão adaptada para o Brasil de uma escala de compra por impulso em 1.296 brasileiros de todos os estados da federação, média de idade de 35,8 anos (DP = 12,8). Os resultados indicaram uma escala com estrutura unifatorial, tal como o instrumento original, com adequado índice de consistência interna. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre a tendência de comprar por impulso, a influência social normativa e traços de impulsividade do consumidor. O instrumento também foi capaz de diferenciar pessoas que fazem lista de compras das que não fazem e pessoas que preferem ir às compras sozinhas das que preferem comprar acompanhadas. As evidências encontradas suportam o uso do instrumento para o contexto brasileiro. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue buscar evidencias de validez de un instrumento para medir la tendencia de comprar impulsivamente. Se aplicó una versión adaptada para Brasil de una escala de compra por impulso en 1296 brasileños de todos los estados del país, con promedio de edad de 35,8 años (DP = 12,8). Los resultados indicaron una escala con estructura unifactorial, tal como el instrumento original, con adecuado índice de consistencia interna. Se encontraron correlaciones positiva entre tendencia de comprar por impulso, influencia social normativa y rasgos de impulsividad del consumidor. El instrumento también fue capaz de diferenciar personas que hacen lista de compras de las que no hacen, y personas que prefieren ir de compras solas de las que prefieren ir acompañadas. Las evidencias encontradas apoyan el uso del instrumento en el contexto brasileño. (AU)

Cross-cultural consistency and relativity in the enjoyment of thinking versus doing.

Which is more enjoyable: trying to think enjoyable thoughts or doing everyday solitary activities? Wilson et al. (2014) found that American participants much preferred solitary everyday activities, such as reading or watching TV, to thinking for pleasure. To see whether this preference generalized outside of the United States, we replicated the study with 2,557 participants from 12 sites in 11 countries. The results were consistent in every country: Participants randomly assigned to do something reported significantly greater enjoyment than did participants randomly assigned to think for pleasure. Although we found systematic differences by country in how much participants enjoyed thinking for pleasure, we used a series of nested structural equation models to show that these differences were fully accounted for by country-level variation in 5 individual differences, 4 of which were positively correlated with thinking for pleasure (need for cognition, openness to experience, meditation experience, and initial positive affect) and 1 of which was negatively correlated (reported phone usage). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

"Our Voices, Our Meaning": The Social Representations of Sports for Brazilian Athletes With Disabilities.

This study aimed to identify the social representations of sports for Brazilian athletes with disabilities and to understand the extent to which sports can contribute to their empowerment. A total of 153 Brazilian athletes of various sports and with different types of disabilities took part in the study (122 men and 31 women; M = 31.91 years, SD = 9.46). The research was performed by an online survey by means of the free word association technique. All analyses were carried out using the Iramuteq computer program. The results indicated that the social representations of sports are related to individual and collective gains derived from practicing sports and that the representations are distinct according to the discipline practiced by the athlete. These results are discussed in light of the advantages of valuing the collective experience of athletes with disabilities as a group rather than as cases of individual overcoming. Social implications and possible future directions for research are presented.

A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification: adaptation of a measure to the Brazilian context.

The aim of this study is to adapt the multidimensional in-group identification scale (MGIS) to the Brazilian context by gathering evidence of its psychometric properties. A total of 663 people from two samples participated in the study. In sample 1, we measured the identification of Brazilians with the region of the country where they live. In sample 2, we measured the identification of students with the university which they attend. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed on both samples to compare the models previously proposed by the original authors of the measure. The obtained results confirmed the validity of the hierarchical and multidimensional factor structure proposed by the original authors. The scale proposed here can be used to measure multiple dimensions of in-group identification in Brazil.

Sua personalidade vai ao shopping?: relações entre personalidade e a compra por impulso / Your personality goes to the mall?: relationships between personality and impulse buying / ¿Su personalidad va de compras?: relaciones entre personalidad y la compra por impulso

Este estudo teve o objetivo de testar o poder preditivo dos cinco grandes fatores de personalidade, da influência interpessoal e de variáveis sociodemográficas sobre a compra por impulso. Participaram do estudo 1.296 brasileiros, média de idade de 35,8 anos (DP = 12,8), escolaridade mínima de Ensino Médio incompleto. Os resultados mostraram relações da compra por impulso com variáveis sociodemográficas, hábitos de consumo e personalidade. O modelo de regressão explicou 23% da variância da compra por impulso, sendo os maiores poderes preditivos o da influência interpessoal normativa e o do fator de personalidade neuroticismo, ambos preditores positivos; seguidos do hábito de fazer lista de compra e do fator conscienciosidade, como negativos. Os resultados confirmam o poder preditivo de fatores de personalidade, hábitos de consumo e variáveis sociodemográficas sobre o comportamento de compra por impulso.

The aim of this study was to test the predictive power of the Big Five personality factors, social influence and sociodemographic variables on impulse buying. To achieve such goals, the buying impulsiveness scale and reduced markers of the big five was applied, along other instruments. They participated in the study 1,296 Brazilians with an average age of 35.8 years (DP = 12.8) and minimum schooling of incomplete secondary education. The regression model tested explained 23% of the impulse buying variance, with the greatest predictive powers being the normative interpersonal influence and the neuroticism personality factor, both positive predictors; followed by the habit of making purchase list and the conscientiousness factor, as negative predictors. The results confirm the predictive power of personality factors, consumption habits and sociodemographic variables on impulse buying behavior.

Este estudio tiene por objetivo evaluar el poder predictivo de los cinco grandes factores de personalidad, de la influencia interpersonal y de variables sociodemográficas sobre la compra por impulso. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico e escalas que evalúan los constructos: compra por impulso, susceptibilidad a la influencia social y cinco grandes factores de personalidad. Participaron 1.296 brasileños con promedio de edad de 35,8 años (DP = 12,8) y nivel de instrucción media incompleta como mínimo. El modelo de regresión explicó 23% de la varianza de la compra por impulso, siendo los mayores poderes predictivos: influencia interpersonal normativa y el factor de personalidad neuroticismo, ambos predictores positivos; seguidos del hábito de hacer lista de compras y el factor responsabilidad, como negativos. Los resultados confirman el poder predictivo de factores de personalidad, hábitos de consumo y variables sociodemográficas sobre el comportamiento de compra por impulso.

Evaluando variables psicosociales y la identidad social de atletas paralímpicos brasileños / Evaluating psychosocial variables and social identity of Brazilian Paralympic athletes

Este estudio exploratorio tuvo como objetivo (1) evaluar las variables psicosociales de los atletas paralímpicos brasileños, (2) verificar cómo estas variables se relacionan con la identidad social del atleta, y (3) comprender cómo los atletas paralímpicos perciben su identidad. En el estudio participaron 153 atletas paralímpicos brasileños (122 hombres y 31 mujeres, con una edad media de 31.91 años, DE = 9.46). Todos los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario sociodemográfico y a los instrumentos de las variables en estudio: (1) Autoestima; (2) Autoeficacia; (3) Locus de control; (4) Bienestar afectivo; (5) Identidad social; y la pregunta abierta «Para mí, ser atleta paralímpico es...¼. Los resultados indicaron que los paralímpicos poseen una fuerte identidad social, elevada autoestima, autoeficacia, locus de control interno y bienestar afectivo positivo, así como un bajo locus de control externo y bienestar afectivo negativo. También, se verificó una correlación positiva entre la identidad social y la autoestima. Los resultados revelaron que la identidad del atleta está directamente relacionada con su historia de superación y los beneficios proporcionados por la práctica del deporte; sin embargo, todavía existen obstáculos a ser enfrentados. Este estudio enfatiza la importancia de la identidad social del atleta que le trae beneficios no solo como individuo, sino también a través de la deconstrucción de estereotipos atribuidos a él por la sociedad.

This exploratory research aimed to (1) assess the psychosocial variables of Brazilian Paralympic athletes, (2) verify how these variables relate to the athlete's social identity, and (3) understand how Paralympic athletes perceive their identity. The study consisted of 153 Brazilian Paralympic athletes (122 males and 31 females with a mean age of 31.91 years, SD = 9.46), who answered a socio-demographic questionnaire; the instruments of the variables under study: (1) self-esteem, (2) self-efficacy, (3) locus of control, (4) affective well-being, and (5) social identity; and the open question «For me, being a Paralympic athlete means…¼ The results indicated that Paralympic athletes have high levels of social identity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, internal locus of control, and positive affective well-being, as well as low levels of external locus of control and negative affective well-being. Also, a positive correlation between social identity and self-esteem was found. The results revealed that Paralympic athletes' identity is directly linked to their history of self-realization and the benefits of playing sports; however, they must still face some obstacles. This study highlights the importance of Paralympic athletes' social identity, which benefits them not only as individuals, but through the deconstruction of stereotypes attributed to them by society.

Quality of life and breast cancer surgery: narrative literature review Calidad de vida y la cirugía en cáncer de mama: revisión narrativa de la literatura / Qualidade de vida e a cirurgia em cancro da mama: revisão narrativa da literatura

Resumo Este artigo tem o objectivo de realizar uma revisão não sistemática e narrativa da literatura de estudos que comparam a qualidade de vida de mulheres com cancro da mama submetidas à diferentes tipos de cirurgia. Ao analisar os estudos, verificou-se que estes abordavam diversos aspectos, agrupados em três dimensões: a) Metodologia adoptada, se referindo aos instrumentos utilizados, o intervalo de avaliação e o procedimento de recolha de dados; b) Variáveis sociodemográficas e psicoemocionais, que diz respeito à idade, escolaridade, estado civil, sexualidade e percepção da imagem corporal; e c) Variáveis clínicas, relacionado ao tipo de tratamento e ao estádio da doença. Os resultados levam-nos a reflectir sobre a importância de incluir a avaliação da qualidade de vida no processo de tratamento e no seguimento das doentes, independente do tipo de cirurgia a que as mulheres são submetidas.

Abstract This article aims to conduct a non-systematic and narrative review of the literature of studies comparing the quality of life in women with breast cancer undergoing different types of surgery. Analyzing the studies showed several aspects, grouped into three dimensions: a) Methodology adopted, referring to the instruments, the interval of evaluation, and the procedure of data collection; b) Sociodemographic and psychoemotional variables, related to age, educational level, marital status, sexuality and perception of body image; and c) Clinical variables, related to the type of treatment and the stage of the disease. Results leads us to reflect on the importance of including the assessment of quality of life in the treatment process and follow-up of patients, regardless of the type of surgery that women are submitted.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión no sistemática y narrativa de la literatura de estudios que comparan la calidad de vida de mujeres con cáncer de mama sometidas a diferentes tipos de cirugía. Mediante el análisis de los estudios, se encontró diversos aspectos, agrupados en tres dimensiones: a) Metodología utilizada, se refiere a los instrumentos, el intervalo de evaluación, así como el procedimiento de recolección de datos; b) Variables socio-demográficas y psico-emocionales, relativas a la edad, la educación, el estado civil, la sexualidad y la percepción de la imagen corporal; y c) Variables clínicas, relacionadas con el tipo de tratamiento y lo estadio de la enfermedad. Los resultados nos llevan a reflexionar sobre la importancia de incluir la evaluación de la calidad de vida en el proceso de tratamiento y el seguimiento de los pacientes, sin importar el tipo de cirugía al que las mujeres son sometidas.

Racial prejudice and social values: how I perceive others and myself / Preconceito racial e valores sociais: como percebo a mim e ao outro / Prejuicio racial y valores sociales: como me percibo y percibo a mi semejante

The process of attribution values to some groups can be used as a resource for determining differences between ingroup and outgroup, what may lead to discriminatory behavior against the outgroup. In this sense, the present study sought to determine whether individuals perceive dissimilarities between the values attibuted to themselves, to white and to black people, and if these dissimilarities can follow a prejudice-based logic, expressing subtle racial prejudice. Study 1 (n = 220) aimed to rank the values in terms of socio-economic progress, identifying values that are representative of developed and underdeveloped countries. Study 2 (n = 420) evaluated whether the values attibuted to themselves, to the black and to the white are different and this difference follows a prejudice-based. Overall, results showed a tendency towards the association of third world values such as collectivism to blacks, and first world values such as individualism to whites.(AU)

O processo de atribuição de valores a alguns grupos pode ser utilizado como um recurso para demarcar diferenças entre endogrupo e exogrupo, o que pode levar a comportamentos discriminatórios contra o exogrupo. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho busca avaliar se os indivíduos percebem dissimilaridades entre os valores atribuídos a si mesmos, aos brancos e aos negros, e se essas dissimilaridades podem seguir uma lógica preconceituosa, expressando de forma sutil o preconceito racial. O Estudo 1 (n = 220) objetivou hierarquizar os valores em termos de progresso socioeconômico, identificando aqueles valores representativos de países desenvolvidos e subdesenvolvidos. O Estudo 2 (n = 420) avaliou se os valores atribuídos a si mesmos, a negros e a brancos são diferentes e se essa diferença segue uma lógica preconceituosa. De modo geral, os resultados mostraram uma tendência na associação de valores de terceiro mundo, coletivistas, aos negros e de valores de primeiro mundo, individualistas, aos brancos.(AU)

El proceso de atribución de valores a algunos grupos puede ser utilizado como un recurso para señalar diferencias entre endogrupo y exogrupo, lo que puede llevar a comportamientos discriminatorios contra el exogrupo. En este sentido, este trabajo busca evaluar si los individuos perciben disimilitudes entre los valores atribuidos a sí mismos, a los blancos y a los negros, y si esas disimilitudes pueden seguir una lógica prejuiciosa, expresando de forma sutil el prejuicio racial. El estudio 1 (n = 220) tuvo como objetivo jerarquizar los valores en términos de progreso socioeconómico, identificando aquellos valores representativos de países desarrollados y subdesarrollados. El Estudio 2 (n = 420) evaluó si los valores atribuidos a sí mismos, a blancos y a negros son diferentes y si esa diferencia sigue una lógica prejuiciosa. En general, los resultados muestran una tendencia en la asociación de valores del tercer mundo, colectivistas a los negros, y de valores del primer mundo, individualistas, a los blancos.(AU)

O conceito de transmissão psíquica na obra de Freud: a perspectiva de René Kaës / The concept of psychic transmission in Freud: the prospect of René Kaës

O presente artigo tem o intuito de apresentar, a partir da perspectiva de René Kaës, a formulação do conceito de transmissão psíquica. Kaës localiza a origem deste conceito nas primeiras reflexões de Freud sobre a questão da hereditariedade, que se iniciam nas denominadas publicações “pré-psicanalíticas” e se estendem até os seus últimos escritos. As reflexões freudianas sobre a hereditariedade servem de base para o conceito de transmissão psíquica utilizado por René Kaës, de fundamental importância para a psicanálise de família, ampliando esta clínica.(AU)

The current study aims to present - according to René Kaës’ perspective - the formulation of the psychic transmission concept. Kaës locates the origin of this concept in Freud’s first reflections on the issue of heredity, which begin in his so-called “pre-psychoanalytic” publications and extend until his last writings. Freudian reflections on heredity serve as a foundation for the concept of psychic transmission used by René Kaës, of primary importance to family psychoanalysis, expanding such clinic.(AU)