Selected plants producing mucilage: Overview, composition, and their potential as functional ingredients in the development of plant-based foods.

The increase in the preference for vegan and vegetarian diets is directly related to changing eating habits and the need for plant-based alternatives to animal-based products, which are better for health, due to the high content of essential amino acids and lipid profile rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and have lower environmental impacts. In this scenario, there is a growing demand for plant-based foods, making it necessary to find new plant-based ingredients for application in foods and beverages. Flaxseed, chia seed, and Barbados gooseberry contain mucilage, a component with potential application in plant-based products. These hydrocolloids can be used as gelling agents, texture modifiers, stabilizers, and emulsifiers in solid and semi-solid foods. This review presents the extraction, characterization, and application of flaxseed, chia seed, and Barbados gooseberry mucilage for use in plant-based foods. It was found that mucilage composition varies due to the extraction method used, extraction conditions, and geographic location of the seed or leaf. However, applications in plant-based foods are currently limited, mainly focused on applying chia mucilage in bakery products and packaging. Research on applying flaxseed and Barbados gooseberry mucilage to plant-based products is limited, though it has been shown to have potential applications in packaging. Mucilage may also increase the nutritional profile of the product and provide better technological, functional, and sensory characteristics. Therefore, because of mucilage's excellent functional and technological properties, it is a promising candidate to act as an ingredient in plant-based food products.

Influencia del apoyo socioemocional sobre la afectividad experimentada, autoconfianza y autoeficacia en jóvenes deportistas / Influence of Socio-Emotional Support on the Affectivity Experienced, Self-Confidence and Self-Efficacy in Young Athletes

El objetivo del estudio es comprobar, a través de un modelo de ecuación estructural, la influencia de las relaciones de apoyo a la autonomía del deportista sobre su afectividad positiva y regulación emocional experimentada en competición, y la adquisición de recursos personales como la autoconfianza y autoeficacia. Para ello, se seleccionaron 300 sujetos con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 18 años, de diferentes deportes y categorías en formación, que estuvieran compitiendo. Los resultados obtenidos del modelo corroboran que el apoyo del entorno y, en concreto, las figuras de proximidad del deportista son fundamentales en etapas de formación para que adquieran y refuercen recursos personales que le permitan mejorar su rendimiento. Para ello, el deportista también debe gestionar de forma adecuada su sistema afectivo durante la competición, hecho que refuerza su autoconfianza y autoeficacia ante el reto deportivo. Finalmente, el modelo no mostró diferencias entre categorías iniciales y avanzadas

This study aims to demonstrate through structural equation modeling the influence of athletes' autonomy-supportive relationships on the positive affectivity and emotion regulation experienced during competitions along with the acquisition of personal resources as self-confidence and self-efficacy. To that end, 300 young athletes in training from different sports and that were competing, with ages from 11 to 18 years were selected.The results confirm that a supportive environment and, specifically, close relationships are fundamental for young athletes in training stages to acquire and reinforce personal resources that allow them to improve their performance. For that, athletes also have to manage properly their affective system during competition, which reinforces self-confidence and self-efficacy when facing sport challenges. Finally, the model did not show differences between initial and advanced categories

Adaptación y validación del cuestionario sentimiento de autoeficacia en una muestra de profesores chilenos / Adaptation and Validation of the Self efficacy Sense Questionnaire in a Sample of Chilean Teachers

Este trabajo tiene el propósito de exponer el proceso de adaptación y validación del cuestionario Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk, 2001) en una muestra de 544 profesores chilenos. Para ello, se utilizó el procedimiento de traducción inversa. Por su parte, para la validez de constructo se aplicó, en primer lugar, la técnica estadística de análisis factorial exploratorio, la cual arrojó un factor más para la versión de tres factores del instrumento original. En segundo lugar, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio que corroboró la solución de cuatro dimensiones con adecuados índices de ajuste. Finalmente, se analizó la consistencia interna a través del coeficiente de Alpha de Cronbach, evidenciando índices satisfactorios tanto en cada uno de los factores como en la totalidad del instrumento. Todos estos hallazgos permiten afirmar que la versión adaptada del cuestionario es válida, fiable y explicativa de la teoría de la autoeficacia para la realidad de los docentes chilenos.

The purpose of this paper is to show the adaptation and validation process of the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale questionnaire (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk, 2001) in a sample selection of 544 Chilean teachers. This was done using the back translation procedure. For construct validity, the exploratory factor analysis statistic method was applied, which resulted in one additional factor to the three, which were in the original instrument. Secondly, a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out. The latter corroborated the four-dimension solution with appropriate index adjustments. Finally, the internal consistency was analyzed by using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which showed satisfactory rates for each factor and the entire instrument. All these findings support the claim that the adapted version of the questionnaire is valid, reliable and explanatory of the self-efficacy theory for the reality of Chilean teachers.

A chemical genetics approach for the functional assessment of novel cancer genes.

Assessing the functional significance of novel putative oncogenes remains a significant challenge given the limitations of current loss-of-function tools. Here, we describe a method that employs TALEN or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of inducible degron tags (Degron-KI) that provides a versatile approach for the functional characterization of novel cancer genes and addresses many of the shortcomings of current tools. The Degron-KI system allows for highly specific, inducible, and allele-targeted inhibition of endogenous protein function, and the ability to titrate protein depletion with this system is able to better mimic pharmacologic inhibition compared with RNAi or genetic knockout approaches. The Degron-KI system was able to faithfully recapitulate the effects of pharmacologic EZH2 and PI3Kα inhibitors in cancer cell lines. The application of this system to the study of a poorly understood putative oncogene, SF3B1, provided the first causal link between SF3B1 hotspot mutations and splicing alterations. Surprisingly, we found that SF3B1-mutant cells are not dependent upon the mutated allele for in vitro growth, but instead depend upon the function of the remaining wild-type alleles. Collectively, these results demonstrate the broad utility of the Degron-KI system for the functional characterization of cancer genes.