Redox-neutral α-functionalization of pyrrolidines: facile access to α-aryl-substituted pyrrolidines.

α-Aryl-substituted pyrrolidine moiety is found in many natural alkaloids. Starting from pyrrolidine, we were able to synthesize α-aryl-substituted pyrrolidines in one step using quinone monoacetal as the oxidizing agent and DABCO as the base. We also discovered the reaction condition needed to efficiently remove the N-aryl moiety from the α-arylated product. When the above reaction was carried out without the addition of an aryl nucleophile, the reaction of pyrrolidine and quinone monoacetal in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol afforded octahydro-dipyrroloquinoline in high yield, which has the same skeleton as that of natural product incargranine B.

Difficulties in tracheal extubation due to phrenic nerve injury during massive mediastinal tumor resection: A case report.

RATIONALE: Massive mediastinal tumors present a major challenge for surgery and anesthesia management due to possible perioperative circulation and respiratory dysfunction. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 36-year-old female underwent difficulty with tracheal extubation and required mechanical ventilation for 3 months after resection of a massive mediastinal tumor. DIAGNOSES: Postoperative B-ultrasound examination of diaphragmatic motor weakness and electrophysiological examination indicated respiratory failure due to phrenic nerve injury. INTERVENTIONS: The patient failed tracheal extubation several times after the operation and finally a tracheotomy was performed. Mechanical ventilation, anti-infective treatment, and systemic supportive treatment were provided. OUTCOMES: The patient recovered well after tracheotomy and approximately 3 months of ventilation support. LESSONS: Weaning difficulty caused by phrenic nerve injury seriously affected patient postoperative rehabilitation. To reduce the occurrence of similar problems, intraoperative phrenic nerve electrophysiological monitoring should be conducted.

Synthesis of γ-Lactams by Mild, o-Benzoquinone-Induced Oxidation of Pyrrolidines Containing Oxidation-Sensitive Functional Groups.

The late-stage oxidation of substituted pyrrolidines offers good flexibility for the construction of γ-lactam libraries, and especially in recent years the methods for functionalization of pyrrolidine have been available. We reported a new strategy for oxidation of pyrrolidines to γ-lactams: reaction of pyrrolidine with an o-benzoquinone gives an N,O-acetal by direct oxidation of the α-C-H bond of the pyrrolidine ring, and then the N,O-acetal is further oxidized by the o-benzoquinone to the γ-lactam. Because the first oxidation occurs selectively at the α-C-H of the pyrrolidine ring, oxidation-sensitive functional groups (allyl-, vinyl-, hydroxyl-, and amino groups) on pyrrolidine ring are unaffected. The synthetic utility of this novel method was demonstrated by the facile syntheses of (S)-vigabatrin and two analogues.

[Efficiency and Microecology of a Soil Infiltration System with High Hydraulic Loading for the Treatment of Swine Wastewater].

The swine wastewater after treated with an anaerobic reactor was used to investigate the removal efficiency of COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen in an ecological high hydraulic loading soil infiltration system. Meanwhile, the microbial community structure and the contents of the catalase, urease, and nitrate reductase were analyzed. The results showed that with the hydraulic load of 11 cm·d-1 and the influent COD concentration of 700 mg·L-1, the removal rate of COD was 78.8%, 63.0%, and 92.6%for the first land infiltration column, the secondary land infiltration column, and the total system, respectively. When the hydraulic load increased to 22 cm·d-1; the total removal rate of COD was also above 90.0%. The system was more significant for ammonia nitrogen removal. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen reached approximately 99%. The contents of catalase were 1.899, 0.990, and 0.323 mL·g-1 at the upper, middle, and bottom sections of the system, respectively. The organic matter in the swine wastewater was removed at the upper and middle of the system. On the secondary soil infiltration system, the content of nitrate reductase was 3.453, 3.831, and 1.971 mL·g-1, respectively. Denitrification mainly occurred in the upper and middle of the secondary soil infiltration system. Gram Negative and Gram Positive bacteria were given priority in the soil infiltration system. Especially, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Actinomycetes dominated the secondary soil infiltration system. The system provides a guarantee for the removal of the refractory organic compounds from the swine wastewater.

[Study on the volatile oil of leaf of red gland Lonicera in guangxi].

OBJECTIVE: To compare volatile oil of Lonicera confusa (red gland Lonicera) fresh leaves with dry leaves and provide evidence for further study of Lonicera confusa leaves. METHODS: GC-MS was used to identify chemical composition in volatile oil in red gland Lonicera leaves. RESULTS: 93 chemical components were separated in fresh leaves in which 39 chemical components were identified; 88 chemical components were separated in dry leaves in which 51 chemical components were identified. The main components of fresh leaves of red gland Lonicera were n-Hexadecanoic acid (11.90%), Phytol (11.79) and 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z, Z, Z)(7.08); The main components of dry leaves of red gland Lonicera were 1,6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-(27.62%), Phytol (7.57%) and 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22-Tetracosahexaene, 2, 6, 10, 15, 19, 23-hexamethyl-, (all-E) (4.70%). CONCLUSION: There are significant differences between volatile oil between fresh and dry leaves.

[Study on quality control of Rubus suavissimus].

OBJECTIVE: To control the quality of Rubus suavissimus. METHODS: We inspected the character observation, microscopic, physical and chemical identification, TLC, the examination of water and extraction of Rubus suavissimus, then used HPLC to assay the contents of the principal sweet taste component. RESULTS: The quality control indexes of Rubus suavissimus were founded. CONCLUSIONS: The method is feasible and can control the quality of Rubus suavissimus.