RESUMEN
Prevalent domain adaptation approaches are suitable for a close-set scenario where the source domain and the target domain are assumed to share the same data categories. However, this assumption is often violated in real-world conditions where the target domain usually contains samples of categories that are not presented in the source domain. This setting is termed as open set domain adaptation (OSDA). Most existing domain adaptation approaches do not work well in this situation. In this article, we propose an effective method, named joint alignment and category separation (JACS), for OSDA. Specifically, JACS learns a latent shared space, where the marginal and conditional divergence of feature distributions for commonly known classes across domains is alleviated (Joint Alignment), the distribution discrepancy between the known classes and the unknown class is enlarged, and the distance between different known classes is also maximized (Category Separation). These two aspects are unified into an objective to reinforce the optimization of each part simultaneously. The classifier is achieved based on the learned new feature representations by minimizing the structural risk in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Extensive experiment results verify that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches on several benchmark datasets.
RESUMEN
Background: Acetaminophen-related hepatic injury (ARHI) is a kind of acute hepatic injury caused by overdosing acetaminophen, which is mainly related to toxic metabolite production, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The extract of Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. (PSM) has the abilities of anti-inflammatory, antivirus, and antioxidation. Research studies showed that PSM could improve acute or chronic hepatic injury, while the mechanism of which is still indistinct. Methods: Here, the authors applied the approach based on serum metabonomics combined with network pharmacology to study the protection of PSM on ARHI rats. Results: 10 serum potential biomarkers were found to be closely related to ARHI by metabonomics, while 3 compounds (L-ascorbyl 2,6-dipalmitate, squalene, and tributyl O-acetylcitrate) and 3 targets (NOS2, MAOB, and PDE3A) were found that might be the potential active components and active site of PSM on treating ARHI by network pharmacology analysis. Furthermore, molecular biology strategy was performed to validate whether iNOS/NF-κB signaling pathway is the potential mechanism of PSM treating ARHI. Conclusions: This study indicated that PSM could ameliorate ARHI by iNOS/NF-κB signaling pathway. During ARHI treatment by PSM, L-ascorbyl 2, 6-dipalmitate, squalene, and tributyl O-acetylcitrate might be the potential active components, while the possible active site might be NOS2, MAOB, and PDE3A.
RESUMEN
Mobile crowdsensing is an emerging approach to data collection by exploiting the sensing abilities offered by smart phones and users' mobility. Data collection can be implemented by exploiting the forwarding opportunities given by the contacts between nodes. However, as cell phones are still resource constrained, most people are socially selfish so that they may not always cooperate with each other in data collection. In this paper, we propose a routing protocol, called Accept aNd Tolerate (ANT), which is tailored for data collection in a social environment with selfish individuals. ANT works by accepting and tolerating social selfishness as an unavoidable human characteristic. It makes relay selection based on nodes' contacts and their willingness to cooperate. The cooperative willingness of selfish nodes is measured rationally according to the reciprocity relationship between nodes and their resource constraints. Through assessing the worthiness of carrying and forwarding a packet, ANT proposes a buffer management scheme and makes forwarding decisions. Simulations based on real traces show that ANT achieves better performance under resource-constrained circumstances than other comparable approaches.
RESUMEN
By comparing three cases of environmental activism in China, our paper answers the following three questions about public participation in environment protection in China: (1) what are the drivers for public participation, (2) who are the agents leading the participation, and (3) do existing laws facilitate public participation? We find heightened public awareness of environmental degradation and increasing anxieties over health and property values drive people to fight for more political space to influence decisions that have an impact on the environment. Despite the promises one finds in the letter of Chinese laws, Chinese society lacks a meaningful institutional framework to allow public participation, even in the area of environmental protection. The Chinese government mainly passively responds to public demands on an ad hoc basis, with no institutional commitment for engaging the public on environmental issues. This is unfortunate, because public policies without adequate public input are doomed to be clouded by illegitimacy.