Temporal and spatial trend analysis of all-cause depression burden based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study.

Depression has been reported as one of the most prevalent psychiatric illnesses globally. This study aimed to obtain information on the global burden of depression and its associated spatiotemporal variation, by exploring the correlation between the global burden of depression and the social development index (SDI) and associated risk factors. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease study from 1990 to 2019, we described the prevalence and burden of disease in 204 countries across 21 regions, including sex and age differences and the relationship between the global disease burden and SDI. The age-standardized rate and estimated annual percentage change were used to assess the global burden of depression. Individuals with documented depression globally ranged from 182,183,358 in 1990 to 290,185,742 in 2019, representing an increase of 0.59%. More patients experienced major depressive disorder than dysthymia. The incidence and disability-adjusted life years of depression were the highest in the 60-64 age group and much higher in females than in males, with this trend occurring across all ages. The age-standardized incidence and adjusted life-years-disability rates varied with different SDI levels. Relevant risk factors for depression were identified. National governments must support research to improve prevention and treatment interventions.

Age-period-cohort analysis of ischemic stroke deaths attributable to physical inactivity in different income regions.

This study assessed the global and regional burden of IS (ischemic stroke) deaths due to LPA (low physical activity) from 1990 to 2019, analyzed regional, sex, and age differences in ASMR (age-standardized mortality rate), and provided a comprehensive understanding of the impact of age, period, and cohort on low physical activity related ischemic stroke ASMR. We conducted an APC (age-period-cohort) analysis of the global and four World Bank income level regions' IS mortality data attributed to LPA from 1990 to 2019, using the GBD2019 database, and the results showed that the global net drift of the Ischemic stroke age-standardized mortality attributable to low physical activity was - 1.085%[95% CI: - 1.168, - 1.003].The ASMR drop is most pronounced in the high-income zone, with a net drift of - 2.473% [95% CI: - 2.759, - 2.187] across the four income groups. The influence of age on mortality is increasing in the worldwide old population, while the period and cohort effects are decreasing. We also performed a Joinpoint regression analysis, which revealed that the specific time of considerable drop in ASMR of IS in the global LPA population was 2002-2007, with an APC of -2.628%. The specific period of considerable drop in ASMR in high-income regions with the highest variation was 1999-2007, with an APC = - 4.726%. The global burden of public health deaths caused by LPA is diminishing, with the most notable progress observed in high-income regions. However, in low and lower-middle income areas, the situation continues to deteriorate. Within the global elderly population, the effects of age on mortality is increasing, while the effects of period and cohort are diminishing. These trends vary across income levels, highlighting the necessity for enhanced international collaboration to formulate context-specific public health strategies aimed at enhancing cardiovascular health on a global, regional, and national scale.

Congenital Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Very Low Birth Weight Neonate: A Case Report.

Congenital tuberculosis is rare and carries a high mortality rate. In this study, we report a case of congenital pulmonary tuberculosis in a very low birth weight of 1310g neonate born at the gestational age of 30 weeks 4 days. The mother of the patient had a fever a week before the delivery, and her symptoms improved after taking antibiotics. At the 9th day after birth, the neonate developed a fever, there was no improvement after the administration of antibiotics. Considering the maternal history and clinical suspicion of tuberculosis, we performed a series of screening tests and congenital pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed. After anti-tuberculosis treatment, the patient improved and was discharged.

Lumbar Puncture in the prone position for Low Birth Weight Neonates.

BACKGROUND: Lumbar puncture in the lateral decubitus position will make the neonates uncomfortable and is likely to cause position change and unstable vital signs, and the application of sedative drugs will cause adverse effects. This study explored a novel method for lumbar puncture in the prone position for low weight neonates. METHODS: The neonates were randomly assigned into the standard position group receiving lumbar puncture in the lateral decubitus position; and the improved position group receiving lumbar puncture in the prone position. The success rate of first time attempts and the overall success rate of lumbar puncture, incidence of adverse effects, NIAPAS scores were collected and compared between these two groups. The difference in success rate and adverse effects incidence rate was analysed through Chi-square. Student's t-test was used for the test of NIAPAS rating. RESULTS: The improved position group had a higher success rate of first attempt and overall success rate, significantly lower incidence of adverse effect and lower NIAPAS scores than those of the standard position group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This lumbar puncture in the prone position is safer, more effective, and more comfortable for preterm neonates and those with low birth weight. Thus, this method is worth of further promotion. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registration number, ChiCTR2100049923; Date of Registration, August 11, 2021; Retrospectively registered.

Mechanism of oxidative stress and Keap-1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease common in premature infants and is one of the leading causes of disability and death in newborns. The Keap-1/Nrf2 signaling pathway plays an important role in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.Ten clean-grade, healthy pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (purchased from Experimental Animal Center of Peking university, China) naturally gave birth to 55 neonatal rats from which 40 were selected and randomly divided into a hyperoxia group and a control group (N = 20, each). Thirty-two BPD patient samples are from Neonatal Department of the second Hospital of Jilin University from November 30, 2016 to May 1 2019.In present study, we observed that lung tissues of the control group did not undergo obvious pathological changes, whereas in the hyperoxia group, lung tissues had disordered structures. With increased time of hyperoxia exposure, the alveolar wall became attenuated. Under hypoxia conditions, the activity of oxidative stress-related enzymes (CAT, GSH-Px, SOD) in lung samples was significantly lower than that before treatment. The expression level of Keap1 mRNA and protein in the hyperoxia group was slightly lower than that of control group. The expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA and protein in the hyperoxia group was significantly higher than that of control group. For the infants with BPD, we found that the activity of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT was significantly different from those of control group.We constructed a premature BPD animal model and found the abnormal of oxidative stress in different groups and the expression levels of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway-related molecules, and we validated the results in premature infants with BPD.