Gallic acid pretreatment mitigates parathyroid ischemia-reperfusion injury through signaling pathway modulation.

Thyroid surgery often results in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to the parathyroid glands, yet the mechanisms underlying this and how to ameliorate IRI remain incompletely explored. Our study identifies a polyphenolic herbal extract-gallic acid (GA)-with antioxidative properties against IRI. Through flow cytometry and CCK8 assays, we investigate the protective effects of GA pretreatment on a parathyroid IRI model and decode its potential mechanisms via RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis. Results reveal increased apoptosis, pronounced G1 phase arrest, and significantly reduced cell proliferation in the hypoxia/reoxygenation group compared to the hypoxia group, which GA pretreatment mitigates. RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis indicate GA's modulation of various signaling pathways, including IL-17, AMPK, MAPK, transient receptor potential channels, cAMP, and Rap1. In summary, GA pretreatment demonstrates potential in protecting parathyroid cells from IRI by influencing various genes and signaling pathways. These findings offer a promising therapeutic strategy for hypoparathyroidism treatment.

Different dosage forms of GnRHa with endocrine therapy in premenopausal hormone Receptor-Positive breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Despite the wide use of a three-month gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (3M GnRHa) for ovarian function suppression (OFS) in premenopausal breast cancer patients, it remains unclear whether it is as effective and safe as a one-month GnRHa regimen (1M GnRHa) when combined with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or aromatase inhibitors (AIs), especially in younger patients. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 1109 premenopausal hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer patients treated with GnRHa plus SERM or AI. The estradiol (E2) inhibition rate within 1-24 months after treatment with 1M or 3M GnRHa in cohorts and different subgroups was analyzed. RESULTS: Following 1:1 propensity score matching, 950 patients with a mean age of 39 years and a median follow-up of 46 months were included. Both the 1M and 3M groups achieved >90% E2 inhibition within 24 months (94.53% vs 92.84%, 95% CI (-4.78%, 1.41%)), confirming the non-inferiority of 3M GnRHa. Both 1M and 3M GnRHa rapidly and consistently reduced E2 levels. 60 (6.3%) patients experienced incomplete ovarian function suppression (iOFS), with similar rates in the 1M and 3M groups (5.5% vs 7.2%). iOFS mainly occurred within the first 12 months, with age <40 years and no prior chemotherapy being the risk factors. Similar disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were found in the 1M and 3M groups, and in patients with complete and incomplete OFS (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The OFS with 3M GnRHa was not inferior to that with 1M GnRHa, regardless of age or combination with a SERM or an AI.

Exploring the diagnostic value of endothelial cell and angiogenesis-related genes in Hashimoto's thyroiditis based on transcriptomics and single cell RNA sequencing.

(1) BACKGROUND: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) can cause angiogenesis in the thyroid gland. However, the molecular mechanism of endothelial cells and angiogenesis related genes (ARGs) has not been extensively studied in HT. (2) METHODS: The HRA001684, GSE29315 and GSE163203 datasets were included in this study. Using single-cell analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), functional enrichment analysis, machine learning algorithms and expression analysis for exploration. And receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves was draw. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized to investigate the biological function of the biomarkers. Meanwhile, we investigated into the relationship between biomarkers and different types of immune cells. Additionally, the expression of biomarkers in the TCGA-TC dataset was examined and the mRNA-drug interaction network was constructed. (3) RESULTS: We found 14 cell subtypes were obtained in HT samples after single-cell analysis. A total of 5 biomarkers (CD52, CD74, CD79A, HLA-B and RGS1) were derived, and they had excellent diagnostic performance. Then, 27 drugs targeting biomarkers were predicted. The expression analysis showed that CD74 and HLA-B were significantly up-regulated in HT samples. (4) CONCLUSION: In this study, 5 biomarkers (CD52, CD74, CD79A, HLA-B and RGS1) were screened and their expressions in endothelial cells was compared to offer a new reference for the recognition and management of HT.

The relationship between trimethylamine-N-oxide and the risk of acute ischemic stroke: A dose‒response meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) shows a notable correlation with cardiovascular disease, its association with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains uncertain and necessitates further investigation. OBJECTIVE: A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between trimethylamine-N-oxide and acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and CBM, spanning from their inception to 23 September 2023. The search was consistently updated and supplemented by bibliographies of retrieved articles and previous reviews. A total of 20 eligible studies, including 17 case‒controls and 3 cohort studies, were selected, involving 9141 participants (5283 case group, 3858 control group). For the dose‒response analysis, three case-control studies were eligible. We extracted and pooled TMAO mean and standard deviation from observational studies for control and ischemic stroke groups. The effect sizes were combined using the random-effects model. Where possible, dose‒response analysis was performed. RESULT: Overall, the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of serum/plasma TMAO in AIS compared to the control group (SMD = 1.27; 95% CI: 0.9, 1.61, P<0.001). Additionally, the dose‒response meta-analysis revealed a 12.1% relative increase in the risk of acute ischemic stroke per 1 µmol/L rise in TMAO concentration (RR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.07-1.17; P<0.05; I2 = 1.6%, P = 0.4484). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate a potential increased risk of AIS associated with elevated TMAO levels.

SERPINA3-ANKRD11-HDAC3 pathway induced aromatase inhibitor resistance in breast cancer can be reversed by HDAC3 inhibition.

Endocrine resistance is a major challenge for breast cancer therapy. To identify the genes pivotal for endocrine-resistance progression, we screened five datasets and found 7 commonly dysregulated genes in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells. Here we show that downregulation of serine protease inhibitor clade A member 3 (SERPINA3) which is a direct target gene of estrogen receptor α contributes to aromatase inhibitor resistance. Ankyrin repeat domain containing 11 (ANKRD11) works as a downstream effector of SERPINA3 in mediating endocrine-resistance. It induces aromatase inhibitor insensitivity by interacting with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and upregulating its activity. Our study suggests that aromatase inhibitor therapy downregulates SERPINA3 and leads to the ensuing upregulation of ANKRD11, which in turn promotes aromatase inhibitor resistance via binding to and activating HDAC3. HDAC3 inhibition may reverse the aromatase inhibitor resistance in ER-positive breast cancer with decreased SERPINA3 and increased ANKRD11 expression.

HDAC7 inhibits cell proliferation via NudCD1/GGH axis in triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer. In the absence of effective molecular markers for TNBC, there is an urgent clinical need for promising therapeutic target for TNBC. Histone deacetylases (HDACs), key regulators for chromatin remodeling and gene expression, have been suggested to play critical roles in cancer development. However, little is known ~the functions and implications of HDACs in TNBC treatment in the future. By analyzing the expression and prognostic significance of HDAC family members in TNBC through TCGA and METABRIC databases, HDAC7 was found to be downregulated in TNBC samples and the survival of patients with lower expression of HDAC7 was shorter. Furthermore, HDAC7 was negatively associated with NudC domain containing 1 (NudCD1) and γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH). Loss of NudCD1 or GGH predicted improved overall survival time (OS) of patients with TNBC. In vitro experiments showed that silencing of HDAC7 enhanced TNBC cell proliferation, while overexpression HDAC7 inhibited TNBC cell proliferation. The results of functional experiments confirmed that HDAC7 negatively modulated GGH and NudCD1 expression. Furthermore, decrease of NudCD1 or GGH inhibited cell proliferation. Notably, the HDAC7-NudCD1/GGH axis was found to be associated with NK cell infiltration. Overall, the present study revealed a novel role of HDAC7-NudCD1/GGH axis in TNBC, which might provide a promising treatment strategy for patients with TNBC.

Cyclin genes as potential novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer.

Cell cycle progression and cell proliferation are tightly controlled processes physiologically; however, in cancerous cells, uncontrolled cell proliferation may be attributed to abnormal expression of the cyclin genes. Therefore, analysis of the expression of the cyclin genes may result in the discovery of biomarkers that can be used to predict a prognosis and help to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy more accurately in several types of cancer, including breast cancer. In this study, 15 subtypes of the cyclin genes in breast cancer from public databases were selected using bioinformatics analysis, the correlation between their transcriptional expression levels and survival rates were analyzed, and the results were further confirmed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in vitro in various breast cancer cell lines. The expression of the majority of the cyclin genes in SK-BR-3, a HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cell line, was lower than that in MCF-10A cells. CCNC mRNA expression was higher and CCNH mRNA expression was lower in tumor and tumor-adjacent tissues compared with that in normal tissues; however, CCNC expression was lower and CCNH expression was higher in breast cancer cell lines compared with that in MCF-10A cells. The expression of the 13 other cyclin genes in breast cancer cell lines was generally consistent with the data from the bioinformatics analyses of breast cancer tissue samples, tumor-adjacent tissues, and normal tissues. Low expression of CCNA2, CCNB1/2, CCNC, CCND1, CCNE1/2 and CCNF, and high expression of CCNA1, CCNB3, CCND2/3, CCNG1/2 and CCNH genes was correlated with a higher survival rate for breast cancer patients (P<0.05). In conclusion, CCNA2, CCNB1/2, CCND1/2 and CCNE1/2 may serve as relatively mature and accurate biomarkers, and CCNG1/2 may be used to evaluate the prognosis and therapeutic efficacy of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Furthermore, CCNA1, CCNB3, CCNC, CCND3, CCNF and CCNH may serve as promising targets for the management of breast cancer.

Errate: Role of Ca²âº in Inhibiting Ischemia-Induced Apoptosis of Parathyroid Gland Cells in New Zealand White Rabbits.

In Figure 1A, the images of CG 24h group and Sham 72h group are duplicated, where the picture of Sham 72h group is correct, now the authors have corrected the picture of CG 24h group. In Figure 2A, the images of CG 72h and CSG 72h groups are duplicated, the images of CG 168h and CSG 168h groups are duplicated，where the pictures of CG 168h and CSG 72h groups are correct, now the authors have corrected the pictures of CG 72h and CSG 168h groups. In Figure 3B, the images of CG 24h group and CSG 72h group are duplicated, where the picture of CSG 72h group is correct, now the authors have corrected the picture of CG 24h group. Reference: Wei-han Cao, Yan-jun Su, Nian-qiu Liu, Ying Peng, Chang Diao, Ruo-chuan Cheng: Role of Ca²âº in Inhibiting Ischemia-Induced Apoptosis of Parathyroid Gland Cells in New Zealand White Rabbits. Med Sci Monit, 2020; 26: e920546. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.920546.

Role of Ca²âº in Inhibiting Ischemia-Induced Apoptosis of Parathyroid Gland Cells in New Zealand White Rabbits.

BACKGROUND Hypoparathyroidism is a common complication after thyroidectomy. Calcium supplementation can relieve these symptoms, but it is not clear whether it can protect the parathyroid glands. This study aimed to verify whether Ca²âº inhibits the apoptosis of parathyroid cells following ischemic injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS A rabbit model of parathyroid gland ischemic injury was established. The blood calcium concentrations were measured by colorimetry. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The parathyroid tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Western blotting was used to quantify the levels of the following proteins: caspase-3 and p38 MAP Kinase (p38 MAPK). RESULTS This study demonstrates that apoptosis can be a part of the pathological changes associated with parathyroid ischemic injury. Calcium supplementation inhibited the apoptosis of parathyroid cells following ischemic injury. There were no significant differences among the serum calcium levels from the Sham operation (Sham), the Control group (CG), or the Calcium supplementation group (CSG) after 24 h, 72 h, and 168 h of treatment. PTH levels in the CG were significantly higher than in the CSG at 24 h and 72 h after treatments. The apoptosis rate of parathyroid cells from rabbits in the CSG was significantly lower than that of those from rabbits in the CG at 24 h and 72 h after the treatment. Calcium supplementation inhibited p38 MAPK and caspase-3 expression. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that calcium supplementation inhibited the apoptosis of parathyroid cells following ischemic injury.

Recovery of circulating CD56dim NK cells and the balance of Th17/Treg after nucleoside analog therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B and low levels of HBsAg.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Much evidence indicates that the soluble antigens secreted by hepatitis B virus (HBV) inhibit the function of the immune system. The aim of this study is to investigate, after treatment with nucleoside (acid) analogs (NAs) and the inhibition of viral replication, whether the immune systems of patients with a peripheral blood HBV-DNA level <1000 IU/mL, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) disappearance, and a decrease in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels could be reconstructed. METHODS: The frequency and phenotype of circulating natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), T-helper (Th) cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, CD4+, CD8+ T cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and B cells subtypes were tested by flow cytometry in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and healthy controls (HCs). The levels of HBV-related serum HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV-DNA load, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined. RESULTS: Regarding the innate immune system, an increased frequency of CD56dim NK cells was found in the therapeutic response (TR) group compared with that in the immune-active phase (IA) group. Additionally, regarding the adaptive immune system, the Th17/CD4+CD25+CD127dimTreg ratio was reduced in the TR group. Additionally, the frequency of CD40L+CXCR5+CD4+T cells and CD40+CD19+CD27+CD38+B cells was significantly higher than that of HCs, while that of PDL1+CD19+ B cells was lower. Furthermore, the frequencies of CTLA4+CD4+T cells and CTLA4+CD8+T cells in patients with CHB were significantly higher than those in HCs. CONCLUSION: After NA treatment and the inhibition of viral replication, circulating CD56dim NK cells and the balance of Th17/Treg can be recovered. Restoring circulating CD56dim NK cells and the Th17/Treg balance may help reduce HBsAg levels in patients.