Furmonertinib for EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a glittering diamond in the rough of EGFR-TKI.

The third-generation EGFR-TKIs, such as osimertinib, aumolertinib, and furmonertinib, have been recommended as the preferred treatment for EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Among them, furmonertinib shows several advantages in terms of clinical efficacy. Firstly, compared to osimertinib and aumolertinib, furmonertinib was the first EGFR-TKI with median progression-free survival (mPFS) of over 20.0 m (20.8 m) for advanced NSCLC with classical EGFR-mutations. Furthermore, furmonertinib achieved a mPFS of 18.1 m in advanced NSCLC with unfavorable prognostic factors, such as the 21 L858R mutation and central nervous system (CNS) metastasis, which is unrivalled by osimertinib. Secondly, furmonertinib is the only FDA-approved EGFR-TKI for breakthrough therapy in newly-diagnosed advanced NSCLC with EGFR ex20ins mutation. Thirdly, the relatively longer mPFS of 20.8 m was observed in furmonertinib compared to osimertinib and aumolertinib (15.2 m and 15.3 m) in EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC with CNS metastases. More importantly, the efficacy of furmonertinib increases within the dose range of 80-240 mg per day. Finally, furmonertinib can be an optional treatment for advanced NSCLC patients who develop resistance to osimertinib or aumolertinib. In conclusion, furmonertinib may be a glittering star in the field of EGFR-TKI, which requires further exploration and expansion.

Association between subthreshold depression and psychotic like experiences with non suicidal self injury among adolescents in Shandong Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the association between subthreshold depression, psychotic like experiences (PLEs), and their interactions with non suicidal self injury (NSSI) in adolescents from Shandong, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and early intervention of NSSI in adolescents.@*Methods@#A random cluster sampling method was used to select a total of 6 090 adolescents aged 13-22 from two cities along the coast and inland of Shandong Province. Electronic surveys were administered using the SelfInjurious Behavior Questionnaire, Community Assessment of Psychic Experiencepositive 8 items(CAPE-P8), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D). The relationship between subthreshold depression, PLEs, and their interaction with NSSI was analyzed using multivariate Logistic regression.@*Results@#The detection rate of NSSI among adolescents was 21.3%. The highest NSSI reporting rate (27.9%) was found in the age group of 13-15 years.The NSSI reporting rates for those detected with subthreshold depression and PLEs were 49.9% and 30.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that individuals with subthreshold depression were 3.47 times more likely to engage in NSSI [OR(95%CI)=3.47(2.68-4.50)]. Those identified with PLEs had 5.32 times higher risk of engaging in NSSI than those without such experiences [OR(95%CI)=5.32(4.10-6.89)]. When both subthreshold depression and PLEs coexist, the risk of engaging in NSSI was 18.47 times higher than in individuals with neither condition [OR(95%CI)=18.47(14.75-23.13)] (P<0.01). The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (S) were 11.44, 0.61, and 2.89, respectively, indicating that the combined interaction of subthreshold depression and PLEs accounted for 61% of adolescent NSSI.@*Conclusions@#Subthreshold depression and psychoticlike experiences are associated NSSI in adolescents and exhibit an additive interaction. Alleviating subthreshold depression in adolescents and reducing psychotic experiences may play a positive role in preventing the occurrence of NSSI.

The Prevalence and Severity of School Bullying among Left-Behind Children: A Meta-Analysis.

The involvement of left-behind children (LBC) in school bullying has raised concern in China. However, the susceptibility of LBC to engage in bullying is controversial, and comprehensive, representative studies covering the entire country are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of school bullying among LBC. The Chinese National Knowledge Network, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and EBSCO databases were searched for literature on being left-behind and bullying before April 2022. The effect size was measured by odds ratio (ORs), standard mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI). Random-effects or fixed-effects models were selected for meta-analysis, and subgroup analysis was used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis included 25 studies of school bullying among LBC and non-LBC (NLBC). The prevalence of bullying perpetration and victimization among LBC were 18.58% (95% CI [3.72%, 33.44%], p < .05) and 40.62% (95% CI [25.47%, 55.78%], p < .05), respectively. Compared with NLBC, the risk of bullying perpetration and victimization among LBC increased 1.97 times (OR = 1.97, 95% CI [1.77, 2.20], p < .05) and 2.17 times (OR = 2.17, 95% CI [1.43, 3.29], p < .05), respectively. The severity of bullying experienced by LBC was higher than that of NLBC (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI [0.20, 0.79], p < .05). The prevalence and severity of school bullying were higher in LBC than in NLBC, and left-behindness was positively associated with school bullying. LBC are a crucial population to protect when developing bullying interventions.

Sexual orientation and psychotic-like experiences among Chinese college students: the role of gender.

Objective: The mental health of sexual minorities has received increasing attention, but there are few studies on the risk of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) among sexual minorities. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between different sexual orientations and PLEs among college students and the moderating effect of gender. Methods: A total of 4,460 college students from seven provinces participated in this cross-sectional survey. The χ2 test and logistic regression were used to investigate the relationship between sexual orientation and PLEs. Results: Of the participants, 4.9% identified as bisexual, 1.1% as lesbian/gay, and 5.6% were questioning/unsure; 60.1% of the sample experienced at least one PLE item, 59.2% reported delusional experiences (DEs), and 20.6% had hallucinatory experiences (HEs). Compared with heterosexual college students, bisexual and questioning students showed a higher risk of PLEs, DEs, and HEs, and lesbian/gay students showed a higher risk of HEs. Stratified analysis indicated that sexual orientation was significantly associated with PLEs only for female college students. Conclusion: Sexual orientation is a predictive factor of PLEs. In particular, different sexual minority subgroups show the different effects on PLEs between male and female college students. Mental health interventions for PLEs could employ distinct strategies based on different sexual orientations and gender disparity.

Prevalence and predictors of bullying among in-school adolescents in Nigeria.

Objective: As an emerging significant public health issue affecting many students globally, school bullying is a threat that should not be disregarded. While several published studies have focused on bullying in developed countries, very little is known about the prevalence and predictors of bullying in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of bullying in secondary schools in Edo State, Nigeria. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 621 in-school adolescents using a multistage random sampling technique. The 40-item Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) was utilized for data collection. The chi-squared test, Fisher's test, and binomial logistic regression analysis were utilized to examine associations between variables at 5% level of significance. Results: Approximately half of the respondents (51.9%) had experienced at least one type of bullying, while 173 (27.9%) reported themselves as bullies. The most common type of bullying was physical bullying in different forms (belonging taken/stolen-68.3%; kicked, pushed or locked indoor-52.2%; threatened-47.8%), while the most common location of bullying was the classroom in the absence of a teacher (75%); the perpetrators were reported by the majority (58.3%) to be classmates. Respondents in junior classes were 1.61-fold more likely to be bullied than those in senior classes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.60; confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-2.24), those who live in rural areas were 1.75-fold more likely to be bullied than urban cities (AOR: 0.45; CI: 0.58-1.80), and those who were frequently beaten by their parents were 2.28-fold more likely to be bullies than those who were not beaten (AOR: 2.16; CI: 1.33-3.52). Furthermore, the act of bullying others was significantly associated with family monthly income (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Owing to the prevalence and predictors of bullying reported in this study, we recommend that policies should be implemented in schools to protect the most affected and vulnerable groups from being victims of school bullying.

The relationship between school bullying victimization and mental health among high school sexual minority students in China: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: School bullying has become a matter of global concern for the general public. Sexual minority youth (SMY) may experience minority stress and victimization which are known to adversely affect mental health and happiness. However, a few scholars explored and linked sexual orientation with campus bullying, depression, and anxiety symptoms under the specific cultural background of China. OBJECTIVE: This study was to examine the effect of traditional and cyber bullying victimization on depression and anxiety among Chinese sexual minority adolescents. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey with a total of 3841 subjects among senior high school students in Hunan Province, China. Related information was collected through a series of self-reported questionnaires. The association between variables was examined via a set of logistic regressions. RESULTS: Homosexuality (OR: 6.398; 95 % CI: 3.321 to 12.325), bisexuality (OR: 3.146; 95 % CI: 1.499 to 6.603) and uncertainty of sexual orientation (OR: 2.341; 95 % CI: 1.516 to 3.615) were significantly associated with a combination of traditional and cyber bullying victimization. Compared to the heterosexual group, the sexual minority students, especially the bisexual students has a higher risk of depressive mood (OR: 2.349; 95 % CI: 1.664 to 3.316) and anxiety mood (OR: 3.049; 95 % CI: 2.150 to 4.324). Further multivariate binary hierarchical regression showed that the effects of sexual orientation and mental health were statistically significant only among those who are not involved in bullying victimization, OR values are from 1.929 (95 % CI: 1.061 to 3.507) to 3.209 (95 % CI: 2.090 to 4.927). CONCLUSIONS: Homosexuals are most likely to be victims of a combination of traditional and cyber bullying victims. Bisexuals are most at risk for emotional problems. Sexual minorities in particular, showed differences in mental health risks between bullied and non-bullied groups. More attention needs to be paid to bullying and mental health among sexual minority students in China.

Association between weight status and bullying experiences among children and adolescents in schools: An updated meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The association between weight status and bullying experience is well established, but little is known about the association between overweight or obesity and bullying behaviors among children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide updated evidence on the association between weight status and exposure to bullying among school children and adolescents. METHODS: All literature published not later than December 12, 2019 was obtained from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO databases. The odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to measure the effect size. Results were combined using random-effects or fixed-effects meta-analysis, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore potential heterogeneity moderator factors. RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 26 studies on the association between obesity overweight and bullying. Overall, children and adolescents with obesity had greater odds of experiencing bullying than their counterparts with healthy weight. Children and adolescents with obesity (OR = 1.46, 95 % CI:1.31-1.62), and overweight (OR = 1.24, 95 % CI: 1.17-1.32) were more likely to experience bullying than their normal weight peers. With regards to gender, boys with obesity experienced an increased risk of bullying behaviors than girls with obesity (OR = 1.40, 95 % CI: 1.30-1.50). Similarly, boys with overweight experienced an increased risk of bullying behaviors than girls with overweight (OR = 1.19, 95 % CI:1.06-1.34). CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that children and adolescents must be protected from bullying, especially those that are children and adolescents with obesity overweight and effective strategies are needed to reduce bullying behaviors among children and adolescents in schools.

Psychotic-like experiences and associated socio-demographic factors among pregnant women in each trimester in China.

Objective: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are quite common in the general populations without a clinical diagnosis, but pregnant women have been neglected in earlier literature. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of PLEs among pregnant women without previous psychiatric history in each trimester. Method: A total of 950 pregnant women participated in a cross-sectional survey, with social and demographic information collected. The Positive Subscale of Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) was used to measure PLEs, and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to examine anxious and depressive symptoms, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the risk factors for pregnant women with PLEs. Results: In our study, 37.2% of the pregnant women in this sample experienced at least one episode of PLEs, while 4.3% reported "often" having PLEs. More pregnant women experienced PLEs, delusional experiences, and hallucinatory experiences in the first two trimesters than in the third trimester. Factors associated with a higher risk for more frequent PLEs include: rural setting, unplanned pregnancy, parity 1, and EPDS scores. High positive correlations were shown between frequency scores among experiences of PLEs and GAD-7 scores, EPDS scores. Conclusion: Episodes of PLEs are common in Chinese pregnant women; however, only a small proportion has persistent PLEs. It is vital to pay attention to women with psychosis risk in pregnancy.

Prevalence and Associated Family Factors of Sibling Bullying Among Chinese Children and Adolescents.

Sibling bullying is the most common form of aggression within family worldwide, while the prevalence and correlations of sibling bullying is little known in China. The current research focused on the association between family factors and sibling bullying among Chinese adolescents, and explore sex differences in sibling bullying in the context of Chinese culture. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the characteristics of sibling bullying by sampling 6302 children and adolescents who had at least 1 sibling living in the household. Of the participants, 1827 (29.0%) were involved in sibling bullying over the past half year, and pure victims, pure bullies, and bully-victims were 486 (7.7%), 510 (8.1%), and 831 (13.2%), respectively. Family factors of sibling bullying were partly different between boys and girls. Parental absence of both father and mother was a risk factor of being a pure bully and a bully-victim for boys, and of being a pure victim for girls. Parental son preference increased the odds of being a pure victim and a bully-victim for boys, and of being all roles of sibling bullying involvement for girls. Besides, parent-parent violence, parent-child violence, and living with a single parent were risk factors of sibling bullying. The results underline the importance of home environment on sibling relationship, and intervention of sibling bullying should include improving family climate.

Luteinizing hormone-based modified GnRH antagonist protocol in normal responders undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment: A multi-center randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To study the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a modified gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol based on luteinizing hormone (LH) levels through one complete assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle in normal responders. Design: Non-inferiority, multicenter randomized controlled trial. Setting: University-based hospitals and an academic medical center. Patients: A total of 372 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were eligible to participate. Interventions: Participants were randomized at a 1:1 ratio and stimulated with the conventional flexible GnRH antagonist protocol (control group) or LH-based modified GnRH antagonist protocol (study group). Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the cumulative ongoing pregnancy rate per aspiration. The secondary outcomes were number of oocytes retrieved, number of good quality embryos, cumulative positive ßhCG rate, cumulative clinical pregnancy rate, pregnancy loss rate, moderate and severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), and financial expenditure. Results: The cumulative ongoing pregnancy rate was 65.1% in the study group and 70.1% in the control group (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-1.26; P = 0.33). The multivariate regression analyses results showed that the number of retrieved oocytes was positively associated with the odds for a higher cumulative ongoing pregnancy rate (adjusted odds ratio, 1.11, 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.17, P < 0.001). The treatment protocol, female age, and body mass index were not independent predictors. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for luteinizing hormone-based gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonist protocol versus the conventional flexible gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonist protocol was estimated at 3568.6 USD for each additional ongoing pregnancy. Conclusion: The luteinizing hormone-based gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonist protocol had clinical efficacy similar to the conventional flexible gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonist protocol in normal responders undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment but was more cost-effective considering the cumulative ongoing pregnancy rate in the entire assisted reproductive technology cycle. Clinical Trial Registration: www.chictr.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR1800018077. URL of the registration site: http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=27389&htm=4. Trial registration date: 29 August 2018. Date of first patient enrollment: 1 September 2018.

Co-occurrence of sibling and peer bullying victimization and depression and anxiety among Chinese adolescents: The role of sexual orientation.

BACKGROUND: Bullying victimization is a robust predictor of mental distress among lesbian/gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) adolescents. However, few research accounted bullying victimization within the context of both sibling and peer relationships. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of sibling and peer bullying victimization on depression and anxiety between heterosexual adolescents and LGBQ adolescents. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study with a random sample of 3062 Chinese senior high school students (56.0% female) aged 14 to 18. Related information was collected through a self-reported questionnaire. The associations were examined via a set of logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the participants, 12.5% were victims of sibling bullying only, 10.1% reported peer victimization only, and 4.7% were involved in both sibling and peer victimization. Compared to heterosexuals, LGBQ adolescents had increased risks of sibling victimization only, peer victimization only, and both sibling and peer victimization. The prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were 24.9% and 18.7% respectively. Bullying victimization and sexual orientation were independently associated with depression and anxiety. Furthermore, the stratified analysis indicated that sibling victimization only was significantly associated with depression and anxiety for heterosexual adolescents, while the associations were not significant for LGBQ adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual orientation and bullying victimization are predictive factors of depression and anxiety. In particular, bullying victimization shows the different effects on depression and anxiety between heterosexual and LGBQ adolescents. Anti-bullying intervention could take distinct strategies based on different sexual orientation to reduce risks of adolescents' mental health problems.

Effects of ambient air pollution, fresh fruit and vegetable intakes as well as maternal psychosocial stress on the outcome of newborn otoacoustic emission hearing screening.

BACKGROUND: Newborn hearing screening results indicated that more than 40% of the detected infants had no recognized risk factors. To determine whether maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants and experience of stressful life event, as well as lack of fresh fruit and vegetable during pregnancy are associated with the abnormal hearing development among newborns. METHODS: A total of 1193 newborns and their mothers were recruited in this study. Personal information and covariates were collected by face to face interview. Medical examination results of newborns and their mothers were extracted from medical record. We estimated personal air pollutant exposure level through inverse distance weighted method based on data from air quality monitoring stations and assessed the auditory development of newborns via distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). Unconditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship between DPOAE screening result and the potential influential factors as well as the combined effect. RESULTS: The results indicated that PM10 exposure during the second trimester and stressful life event during the third trimester could increase the risk of not passing DPOAE test among newborns. However, frequent intakes of fruit and vegetable significantly reduced the risk. There was a synergetic interaction between PM10 exposure and stressful life event on neonatal hearing development. CONCLUSIONS: To alleviate abnormal auditory development among fetus, pregnant woman should decrease the exposures to ambient air pollutant and negative life event and at the same time, intake sufficient fresh fruit and vegetable.

Social and general anhedonia in adolescents: Stability and associations with other symptoms.

INTRODUCTION: Recent works have developed two self-report measures of general and social anhedonia for adolescents. Little is known about the relative stability of these constructs and their associations with psychopathological symptoms over time. METHODS: A total of 694 Chinese adolescents aged 14-16 years (74.6% girls) completed measures of anhedonia at two time points 1 year apart. General anhedonia was assessed using the Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale while social anhedonia was assessed using the Adolescent Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale. RESULTS: General and social anhedonia significantly increased over time, F(1, 693) =16.54, p < .001, η2 = 0.02; F(1, 693) =27.31, p < .001, η2 = 0.04. Greater depression (b = -0.10, p = .006), suicidal ideation (b = -0.55, p < .001), generalized anxiety (b = -0.28, p = .012), social anxiety (b = -0.28, p = .002), and interpersonal stressful events (b = -0.20, p = .035) were associated with greater social anhedonia. Suicidal ideation was associated with general anhedonia (b = 0.29, p = .004). Higher positive schizotypal personality was associated with less general and social anhedonia (b = -0.18, b = 0.16, all p < .001) whereas higher negative schizotypal personality was associated with greater general and social anhedonia (b = 0.34, b = -0.58, all p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: This finding suggests that anhedonia is an increasing trend during adolescence. The relationship between anhedonia and psychopathology was specific to social anhedonia.

Center-Based vs Home-Based Geriatric Rehabilitation on Sarcopenia Components: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the available evidence on the components of sarcopenia in geriatric rehabilitation and to examine whether changes in different settings are associated with sarcopenia. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched from initiation to August 30, 2021. STUDY SELECTION: We included randomized controlled trials of older adults receiving geriatric rehabilitation that included strength exercise training. DATA EXTRACTION: The following study contents were extracted: study design, patient characteristics, sample size, description of the rehabilitation setting, follow-up time point, and outcomes. The main outcomes were muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. DATA SYNTHESIS: Weighted mean difference for Timed Up and Go score and standardized mean difference for other parameters were calculated. CONCLUSIONS: Center-based geriatric rehabilitation improved lower limb strength and Timed Up and Go test score to a greater extent than home-based geriatric rehabilitation in elderly people. Center-based training seems to show a minor superior effect on gait speed in prolonged follow-up rather than at the endpoint of intervention. To draw a stronger conclusion, further high-quality trials with standard protocols and longer follow-up are needed.

School bullying among migrant children in China: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Bullying is a serious public health concern affecting the physical and mental health of children. Migrant children are at higher risk of developing health problems. We conducted this study to investigate the prevalence of school bullying and its possible influencing factors of migrant children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Hunan Province, China from April to July 2018. Multi-stage cluster sampling was adopted to achieve a representative sample covering both urban and rural areas. Migrant children are defined as those who migrate with one or both parents to other places and who do not have a hukou in their city of residence. The Chinese version of Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire was applied to measure children's involvement in school bullying. Results: A total of 7,607 students were surveyed, including 995 migrant children and 6,612 non-migrant children. The prevalence of school bullying was significantly higher in migrant children than in non-migrant children (χ 2 = 22.740; p < 0.001). Binary regression analysis showed that male, middle school identity, more times of playing violent games, more social friends owning and being beaten by parents or caregivers may increase the risk of involvement of school bullying in migrant children. Conclusion: Migrant children showed a higher prevalence of school bullying than non-migrant children. Gender, grade, frequency of playing violent games, number of social friends and being beaten by parents or caregivers were associated with school bullying in migrant children.

A Novel Mutation in the Myosin Binding Protein C Gene in a Prader-Willi Syndrome Pedigree.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurogenetic disorder caused by deficiency expression of paternally imprinted genes of the chromosomal region 15. In this study, we report a novel mutation in the myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3) gene in a Prader-Willi syndrome pedigree. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing were performed to define and confirm the MYBPC3 gene mutation. Bioinformatics analysis was also performed for the mutated MYBPC3 protein using available software tools. The proband was diagnosed as PWS with about 4.727Mb copy number missed in the long arm of chromosome 15 and treated with growth hormone on 0.3 IU/day. Sanger sequencing identified a novel heterozygous mutation in the MYBPC3 gene, c.2002C>G (p.R668G). Bioinformatics analysis suggested the variant disease-causing; the Pro residue at 668 in the MYBPC3 protein was highly conserved. Moreover, interactions among MYBPC3 and other proteins suggested the potential effects on the development of cardiomyopathies. This is the first report of PWS with MYBPC3 gene mutation. Besides general examinations, it is vital for physicians to amply molecular genetics to get an accurate diagnosis in the clinic especially for rare diseases.

The association between sibling bullying and psychotic-like experiences among children age 11-16 years in China.

BACKGROUND: Few studies exist on sibling bullying or even sibling aggression more generally in the past 30 years. Studies of sibling bullying have shown that sibling bullying may associate with depression, anxiety, self-harm, suicide ideation in early adulthood. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the relationship between sibling victimization types and the occurrence of psychosis, not to mention that psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) always occur before psychotic disorders. Therefore, the current study aims to examine the association between sibling bullying and PLEs among children age 11-16 years in China. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study which included 3231 students from eight junior middle schools in three cities of Hunan Province, China. Frequency and types of sibling bullying was assessed with Sibling Bullying Questionnaire and PLEs was assessed with Community Assessment Psychic Experiences-42. RESULTS: The percentage of sibling bullying were 12.9% for victimization and 10.8% for perpetration. Sibling bullying plays as an independent influence factor for all subtypes of PLEs, and verbal victimization was the most important risk factor in developing different subtypes of PLEs followed by physical victimization and verbal perpetration. CONCLUSION: The current study found that sibling bullying is associated with PLEs. Intervention programs should be conducted to focus on those children and adolescents who are involved in multiple types of sibling victimization or perpetration.

State Anhedonia and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents.

Background: Recent work suggests that state anhedonia and its social aspect of loss of interest in people was an important predictor of suicidal ideation in adults. Aim: The current study investigated the relationship between state anhedonia, trait anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts in adolescents. Method: State anhedonia was assessed using the anhedonia subscale from the Child Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, while trait social anhedonia was assessed using the Adolescent Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale and the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale. Results: Results indicated that state anhedonia was associated with suicidal ideation but not associated with past suicide attempts after controlling for depressive symptoms. Academic stressful events moderated the relationship between state anhedonia and suicidal ideation. Symptom-level analyses revealed that loss of interest in friends was most highly predictive of suicidal ideation compared with the other anhedonia components. Limitations: The current investigation was limited by its reliance on student samples and data from a single time point. Conclusion: The current study indicated that state anhedonia and its social component may be more informative of near-term suicidal ideation than trait anhedonia in adolescents.

Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of naproxen-probenecid conjugate for central nervous system (CNS) delivery.

Naproxen, known as the most potent non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, is vitally crucial in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, due to the poor brain penetration ability, it causes serious adverse effects with the therapeutic doses. Predictably, these unfavorable factors have hindered its further application. In this study, a novel brain-targeting conjugate, Nap-Pro, was designed and synthesized. The chemical stability and metabolic stability of this conjugate were determined in phosphate buffer, blood serum and brain homogenate, respectively. The cytotoxicity of Nap-Pro was evaluated in b End. 3 cells. In addition, the brain targeting capacity of Nap-Pro was also investigated in vivo. Importantly, Nap-Pro showed excellent capacity to cross the brain-blood barrier (BBB), suggesting probenecid was a super carrier that enhanced the delivery of drugs into brain. Collectively, the probenecid modification was a promising strategy to develop the novel drug delivery systems for brain targeting.

Association Between Sub-types of Sibling Bullying and Mental Health Distress Among Chinese Children and Adolescents.

Sibling bullying is a common phenomenon in childhood and adolescence worldwide and has a significant association with mental health distress. However, there have been few studies that have examined the associations between any specific sub-type of sibling bullying and depression as well as anxiety. Besides, the association between sibling bullying and psychological well-being was never explored among the Chinese population. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the associations between the number of sub-types of sibling bullying involvement and depression as well as anxiety among Chinese children and adolescents. Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to recruit 5,926 participants aged 10 to 18 who had at least one sibling living in the household. Different sub-types of sibling bullying involvement were determined by using Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ). The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used to screen clinical ranges of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder, respectively. Of the participants, 1,235 (20.8%) were bullied by siblings, and 1,230 (20.8%) perpetrated bullying behavior against siblings over the past 6 months. After controlling potential confounders, adjusted model of logistic regression analyses indicated that all three sub-types of sibling victimization and perpetration were significantly associated with both depression and anxiety. There were linear associations between the number of sub-types of sibling bullying victimization and depression (adjusted OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.68) as well as anxiety (adjusted OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.90). Besides, linear trends were found between the number of sub-types of sibling bullying perpetration and depression (adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.64) as well as anxiety (adjusted OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.87). The findings underline dose-response relationships between the number of sub-types of sibling bullying involvement and mental health distress. Intervention programs should be conducted to focus on developing mental health status of those children and adolescents who are involved in multiple sub-types of sibling victimization or perpetration.