Trajectories of PTSD symptoms among children who survived the Lushan earthquake: A four-year longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among child survivors of the Lushan earthquake by using latent category growth analysis. METHODS: In total, 304 students from a school located in Lushan County were assessed by UCLA PTSD-RI at 1.5, 6, 12, 24 and 48 months after the earthquake. The children ages ranged from 9 to 17 years old at the time of the first assessment, and the sample included 140 males and 164 females. RESULTS: Four trajectories of PTSD symptoms were found, namely, resilience (53.8%), low symptoms (32.6%), recovery (7.0%), and chronic dysfunction (6.6%). Then, a logistic regression analysis that controlled for gender and grade showed that compared with the resilience group, children with an injury or probable acute stress disorder (ASD) were likely to be in the recovery group, children with probable ASD were more likely to be in the low-symptoms group, and children with a bad relationship with their father were more likely to be in the chronic group. LIMITATIONS: The participants were selected by convenience principle. All children received an intervention after the earthquake. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that increasing children's social support may relieve children's PTSD symptoms. We should consider both perceived threat and object exposure in future studies. The posttraumatic stress response was very high and was unstable during the first month after the earthquake, which suggests that psychological first aid is necessary in posttraumatic events.

U-Shaped Relationship between Years of Residence and Negative Mental Health Outcomes among Rural-to-Urban Children in Migrant Schools in Beijing, China: The Moderating Effects of Socioeconomic Factors.

AIM: This study aimed to test the relationship between length of residence and mental health in a school-based sample of migrant children who studied in migrant schools. METHODS: A total of 7,296 rural-to-urban migrant children were recruited from 58 schools in Beijing and assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Children's Depression Inventory. RESULTS: A quadratic relationship was found between mental health and length of residence. The results suggested that the scores for anxiety and depression were high during the initial resettlement after migrating and then decreased. However, after approximately 8 years, the scores increased. Our findings also showed a significant moderating effect of family socioeconomic status on the relation between mental health and length of residence. CONCLUSION: This study provided empirical evidence for a better understanding of psychosocial factors on the mental health of migrant children during the process of urbanization in China.

[Analysis of volatile compounds of Salix babylonica by GC-MS].

OBJECTIVE: To study the volatile compounds of Salix babylonica, and to provide scientific basis for efficacy of attracting natural enemies and medicinal value of Salix babylonica. METHODS: The volatile compounds were collected from Salix babylonica by dy- namic headspace absorption method, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrum( GC-MS). RESULTS: Forty-one volatile com- pounds were identified from Salix babylonica. Intact plant of Salix babylonica had thirty-three kinds of volatile compounds and aphid-in- fested plant of Salix babylonica had thirty-eight kinds of volatile compounds. The volatile components of intact plant and aphid-infested plant had significant differences in the composition and proportion. Among them,the volatile components of aphid-infested plant added six kinds of vinyl materials,one kind of aldehyde and one kind of ketone. CONCLUSION: Adding volatile components,which included vinyl materials,aldehydes and ketones,might have the efficacy of attracting natural enemies. The volatile components might play an important role in the ecological protection for Salix babylonica. The functional components from the volatile compounds had good medicinal value, which are worthy of further research.

[Analysis of volatile compounds of fresh tea leaves from yaoluoping nature preserve by SDE-GC-MS].

OBJECTIVE: To study the volatile compounds of fresh tea leaves from Yaoluoping Nature Preserve, and to provide scientific basis for the quality and medicinal value of tea from high mountainous area. METHODS: The volatile compounds were extracted from fresh tea leaves by simultaneous distillation and extraction, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS). RESULTS: 41 volatile compounds were identified from two tea cultivars, Shifoxiang and Shifocui. Shifoxiang had 32 kinds of volatile compounds and Shifocui had 38 kinds of volatile compounds. The main volatile components of Shifoxiang and Shifocui were green leaf volatiles. The kind and relative content of terpenes of Shifocui were more than that of Shifoxiang. Also the kind and relative content of ketones of Shifocui were more than that of Shifoxiang. There was one kind of heterocyclic compound of Shifocui. CONCLUSION: The main volatile components of Shifoxiang and Shifocui had an important role for the formation of unique aroma of high mountain ous tea. The composition and proportion of volatile components between Shifoxiang and Shifocui had certain differences. Some trace components may be associated with defense in the process of tea plant growth. The functional components from the volatile components had good medicinal value, worthy of further research.