Managing intraoperative rupture of internal carotid pseudoaneurysms during endoscopic transnasal optic canal decompression: a case report.

Background: Endoscopic transnasal optic canal decompression is widely used in the treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) following head and craniofacial trauma. Intraoperative hemorrhage is a catastrophic surgical complication during optic canal decompression. Case description: We present two cases of patients with TON who suffered unexpected intra-operative massive bleeding during endoscopic transnasal optic canal decompression. After intraoperative hemostasis was achieved, emergent cerebral angiograms demonstrated the formation of internal carotid pseudoaneurysms, which were immediately embolized with coils combined with or without Onyx with balloon assistance. One of these cases was also complicated by a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak, which failed to be treated with lumbar drainage but was successfully repaired with endoscopic transnasal surgery. Conclusion: The intra-operative rupture of ICA pseudoaneurysm is a rare but catastrophic complication in TON patients. Intraoperative massive bleeding indicates rupture of ICA pseudoaneurysm. Postoperative emergency angiography and endovascular therapy should be arranged to evaluate and repair the cerebral vascular injury. Endoscopic trans-nasal surgery repairing CSF leaks resistant to lumbar drainage could be efficient and safe following pseudoaneurysm embolization.

Congruence in leaders-subordinates' mindfulness and knowledge hiding: The role of emotional exhaustion and gender similarity.

Many scholars have focused on understanding ways of how to suppress knowledge hiding by employees. Existing studies have demonstrated that mindfulness could effectively inhibit employees' knowledge hiding. This study aims to investigate the impact of leader-subordinate mindfulness congruence on subordinate knowledge hiding and its internal mechanisms. Based on the role theory, we collected 169 leadership data and 368 employee data at three time-points through collecting questionnaire of matching leaders and subordinates. In addition, we used polynomial regression and response surface analysis to validate our research hypotheses. The results demonstrated that: (i) Compared with the "high leader-high subordinate" mindfulness congruence condition, subordinates in the "low leader-low subordinate" mindfulness congruence condition were more likely to exhibit knowledge hiding. (ii) Compared with the "low leader-high subordinate" mindfulness incongruence, subordinates under the "high leader-low subordinate" mindfulness incongruence are more likely to exhibit knowledge hiding. (iii) The more incongruent the mindfulness between the leader and the subordinate is, the more likely an employee is to exhibit knowledge hiding. (iv) Emotional exhaustion mediated the correlation between leader-subordinate mindfulness congruence and knowledge hiding. (v) When the gender of the leader and the subordinate is different, the impact of mindfulness congruence on the inhibition of emotional exhaustion is stronger. This study provides a new perspective for researching the impact of mindfulness on individual behavior and provides a new idea for the research related to inhibiting knowledge hiding.

How to Solve the Time Dilemma? The Influence of Team Temporal Leadership on Team Innovation Performance.

Time pressure (TP) is the most common kind of pressure faced by R&D teams. How to improve team innovation performance (TIP) when time resources are insufficient has been a concern of practitioners and scholars. The purpose of this paper is to put forward some suggestions to solve that time dilemma. We conducted a survey based on a sample of 163 teams. In the first-stage survey (time 1), we measured the team temporal leadership (TTL) and TP. In the second-stage survey (time 2), we measured team learning behavior (TLB). TIP was measured in the third-wave survey (time 3). The results are as follows: (i) TTL has a significant positive impact on the TLB and TIP; (ii) TLB plays a mediating role in the relationship between TTL and TIP; and (iii) TP can positively moderate the relationship between TTL and TLB, that is, the promoting effect of TTL on TLB is more pronounced under the higher level of TP. These findings reveal the influence mechanism of TTL on TIP from the perspective of TLB and TP.

Pandemic Risk Management for Public Health Care Schemes.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has caused a large death, a range of serious health problems, and significant economic costs in many countries around the world. This study analyzes statistical characteristics of pandemic disasters using historical records since the Middle Ages. Compared to literature which studies the effect of the COVID- 19 pandemic on the financial market, this paper attempts to find two financial instruments in the financial market to hedge pandemic risks. Two instruments could be useful for public health care schemes to increase their assets or decrease their liabilities during the pandemic period, namely, assets in the form of a biotechnology investment portfolio and liabilities in the form of pandemic bonds. Empirical results show the feasibility of such instruments and the informational efficiency of the U.S. stock market.

A Well-Designed Implement for Promoting Population Health and Property via Insurance.

The frequency and intensity of catastrophes (including natural disasters and pandemics) rise and damage the population's health, life and property more seriously. In order to protect population health and wealth via full insurance indemnity, many countries set up a public catastrophe insurance scheme (PCIS) to maintain the function of catastrophe insurance markets. Little literature discusses the smart payment way of contributions charged by PCIS. This article design a model to describe the upward trend and cyclic frequency and intensity of catastrophic events. Such characteristics also promote the business cycle of the insurance industry. We analyze the changes in catastrophic insurer's capital structures under three cases of that the volume-based charges to the PCIS may come from equity holders or policyholders or both. PCIS may entail a shift of equity capital toward minimum solvency requirements, and then adverse incentives regarding insurer's security level arise. Various numerical experiments illustrate the changes in equity position, default probabilities, or expected policyholder deficits. The results show that the payment way of contributions should be designed carefully, not only with regard to PCIS's finance balance but also the resultant incentives and effects.