Effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on patients with heatstroke complicated by multiple organ dysfunction:A retrospective study.

Background: The benefits of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in treating animals with heat stroke (HS) have been established. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the effect of HBO on multiple organ dysfunction following HS in humans. Methods: Retrospective data were collected from patients with HS admitted to our hospital in the past 7 years. Patients were categorized into groups based on whether they received HBO therapy. The study compared various factors, including sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation-Ⅱ (APACHE-Ⅱ) scores, mortality rates, neurological function scores, serum myocardial enzyme levels, liver, kidney, and coagulation function indicators, blood routine results, electrolyte levels, and modified Barthel index (MBI) score for standard daily living ability before treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. Results: The mortality rates in the HBO and control group were 0% and 8.49%, respectively. Upon admission, the HBO group had higher SOFA and APACHE-Ⅱ scores and lower neurological, coagulation, and liver functions than those of the control group. HBO treatment significantly improved SOFA, APACHE-Ⅱ, and neurological scores while relieving levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and myocardial enzymes. Additionally, it mitigating lymphocyte and platelet count decline caused by HS. The MBI score was significantly enhanced after treatment in the HBO group. Conclusions: Clinical practice advocates administering HBO therapy to patients with severe illness, organ damage, and nerve impairment. Compared with conventional treatment, combined HBO therapy demonstrated superior efficacy in alleviating multiple organ dysfunction and improving daily living ability in patients with HS.

Effect of Traditional Chinese Non-Pharmacological Therapies on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review of Clinical Application and Mechanism.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) stands as a degenerative ailment with a substantial and escalating prevalence. The practice of traditional Chinese non-pharmacological therapy has become a prevalent complementary and adjunctive approach. A mounting body of evidence suggests its efficacy in addressing KOA. Recent investigations have delved into its underlying mechanism, yielding some headway. Consequently, this comprehensive analysis seeks to encapsulate the clinical application and molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese non-pharmacological therapy in KOA treatment. The review reveals that various therapies, such as acupuncture, electroacupuncture, warm needle acupuncture, tuina, and acupotomy, primarily target localized knee components like cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovium. Moreover, their impact extends to the central nervous system and intestinal flora. More perfect experimental design and more comprehensive research remain a promising avenue in the future.

Risk factors for brain injury in patients with exertional heatstroke: A 5-year experience.

PURPOSE: Minimal data exist on brain injury in patients with exertional heatstroke (EHS) in developing country. In this study, we explored the risk factors for brain injury induced by EHS 90-day after onset. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients with EHS was conducted in the intensive care unit of the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA in China from April 2014 to June 2019. Patients were divided into non-brain injury (fully recovered) and brain injury groups (comprising deceased patients or those with neurological sequelae). The brain injury group was further subdivided into a death group and a sequela group for detailed analysis. General information, neurological performance and information on important organ injuries in the acute stage were recorded and analysed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for brain injury after EHS and mortality risk factors for brain injury, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to evaluate the effect of the neurological dysfunction on survival. RESULTS: Out of the 147 EHS patients, 117 were enrolled, of which 96 (82.1%) recovered, 13 (11.1%) died, and 8 (6.8%) experienced neurological sequelae. Statistically significant differences were found between non-brain injury and brain injury groups in age, hypotension, duration of consciousness disorders, time to drop core body temperature below 38.5°C, lymphocyte counts, platelet counts, procalcitonin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, cystatin C, coagulation parameters, international normalized ratio, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II scores, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores, and Glasgow coma scale scores (all p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (OR = 1.090, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.17, p = 0.008), time to drop core temperature (OR = 8.223, 95% CI: 2.30 - 29.40, p = 0.001), and SOFA scores (OR = 1.676, 95% CI: 1.29 - 2.18, p < 0.001) are independent risk factors for brain injury induced by EHS. The Kaplan-Meier curves suggest significantly prolonged survival (p < 0.001) in patients with early Glasgow coma scale score > 8 and duration of consciousness disorders ≤ 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced age, delayed cooling, and higher SOFA scores significantly increase the risk of brain injury post-EHS. These findings underscore the importance of rapid cooling and early assessment of organ failure to improve outcomes in EHS patients.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits neuronal apoptosis in heatstroke rats via PKA/p-CREB pathway.

PURPOSE: The incidence of heatstroke (HS) is not particularly high; however, once it occurs, the consequences are serious. It is reported that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is protective against brain injury in HS rats, but detailed molecular mechanisms need to be further investigated. In this study, we further explored whether CGRP inhibited neuronal apoptosis in HS rats via protein kinase A (PKA)/p-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) pathway. METHODS: We established a HS rat model in a pre-warmed artificial climate chamber with a temperature of (35.5 ± 0.5) °C and a relative humidity of 60% ± 5%. Heatstress was stopped once core body temperature reaches above 41 °C. A total of 25 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 animals each: control group, HS group, HS+CGRP group, HS+CGRP antagonist (CGRP8-37) group, and HS+CGRP+PKA/p-CREB pathway blocker (H89) group. A bolus injection of CGRP was administered to each rat in HS+CGRP group, CGRP8-37 (antagonist of CGRP) in HS+CGRP8-37 group, and CGRP with H89 in HS+CGRP+H89 group. Electroencephalograms were recorded and the serum concentration of S100B, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neuron apoptosis, activated caspase-3 and CGRP expression, as well as pathological morphology of brain tissue were detected at 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h after HS in vivo. The expression of PKA, p-CREB, and Bcl-2 in rat neurons were also detected at 2 h after HS in vitro. Exogenous CGRP, CGRP8-37, or H89 were used to determine whether CGRP plays a protective role in brain injury via PKA/p-CREB pathway. The unpaired t-test was used between the 2 samples, and the mean ± SD was used for multiple samples. Double-tailed p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Electroencephalogram showed significant alteration of θ (54.50 ± 11.51 vs. 31.30 ± 8.71, F = 6.790, p = 0.005) and α wave (16.60 ± 3.21 vs. 35.40 ± 11.28, F = 4.549, p = 0.020) in HS group compared to the control group 2 h after HS. The results of triphosphate gap terminal labeling (TUNEL) showed that the neuronal apoptosis of HS rats was increased in the cortex (9.67 ± 3.16 vs. 1.80 ± 1.10, F = 11.002, p = 0.001) and hippocampus (15.73 ± 8.92 vs. 2.00 ± 1.00, F = 4.089, p = 0.028), the expression of activated caspase-3 was increased in the cortex (61.76 ± 25.13 vs. 19.57 ± 17.88, F = 5.695, p = 0.009) and hippocampus (58.60 ± 23.30 vs. 17.80 ± 17.62, F = 4.628, p = 0.019); meanwhile the expression of serum NSE (5.77 ± 1.78 vs. 2.35 ± 0.56, F = 5.174, p = 0.013) and S100B (2.86 ± 0.69 vs. 1.35 ± 0.34, F = 10.982, p = 0.001) were increased significantly under HS. Exogenous CGRP decreased the concentrations of NSE and S100B, and activated the expression of caspase-3 (0.41 ± 0.09 vs. 0.23 ± 0.04, F = 32.387, p < 0.001) under HS; while CGRP8-37 increased NSE (3.99 ± 0.47 vs. 2.40 ± 0.50, F = 11.991, p = 0.000) and S100B (2.19 ± 0.43 vs. 1.42 ± 0.30, F = 4.078, p = 0.025), and activated the expression caspase-3 (0.79 ± 0.10 vs. 0.23 ± 0.04, F = 32.387, p < 0.001). For the cell experiment, CGRP increased Bcl-2 (2.01 ± 0.73 vs. 2.15 ± 0.74, F = 8.993, p < 0.001), PKA (0.88 ± 0.08 vs. 0.37 ± 0.14, F = 20.370, p < 0.001), and p-CREB (0.87 ± 0.13 vs. 0.29 ± 0.10, F = 16.759, p < 0.001) levels; while H89, a blocker of the PKA/p-CREB pathway reversed the expression. CONCLUSIONS: CGRP can protect against HS-induced neuron apoptosis via PKA/p-CREB pathway and reduce activation of caspase-3 by regulating Bcl-2. Thus CGRP may be a new target for the treatment of brain injury in HS.

Determining Feynman Integrals with Only Input from Linear Algebra.

We find that all Feynman integrals (FIs), having any number of loops, can be completely determined once linear relations between FIs are provided. Therefore, FI computation is conceptually changed to a linear algebraic problem. Examples up to five loops are given to verify this observation. As a by-product, we obtain a powerful method to calculate perturbative corrections in quantum field theory.

OH-···Au Hydrogen Bond and Its Effect on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Au(100) in Alkaline Media.

Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations with fully solvated ions, we demonstrate that solvated OH- forms a stable hydrogen bond with Au(100). Unlike the hydrogen bond between H2O and Au reported previously, which is more favorable for negatively charged Au, the OH-···Au interaction is stabilized when a small positive charge is added to the metal slab. For electro-catalysis, this means that while OH2···Au plays a significant role in the hydrogen evolution reaction, OH-···Au could be a significant factor in the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media. It also points to a fundamental difference in the mechanism of oxygen reduction between gold and platinum electrodes.

Effect mechanism of litter extract from Alternanthera philoxeroides on the selective absorption of heavy metal ions by amphoteric purple soil.

Plant litter causes a serious waste of resources. Thus, plant litter extract (LE) should be used in the soil remediation of heavy metals. In this study, different proportions of LE from the Alternanthera philoxeroides were used to modify dodecyl dimethyl betaine (BS)-modified purple soil (P). The basic physicochemical properties of LE + BS-modified Ps (LE + BS-Ps) were determined, and the microscopic morphology of LE + BS-Ps was studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and specific surface area detection. The isothermal adsorption characteristics of heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cr6+) on different LE + BS-Ps were investigated by the batch method, and the effect mechanisms of temperature, pH, ionic strength, and LE + BS-P's property were compared. Results showed that the cation exchange capacity and specific surface area of LE + BS-Ps increased, pH of LE + BS-Ps decreased, and TOC of LE + BS-Ps increased first and then decreased with increasing proportion of LE. FTIR, SEM, and EDS results proved that LE was modified on the surface of BS-P. Langmuir and Freundlich models could be used to describe the adsorption isotherms of heavy metal ions on different LE + BS-Ps, and the fitting correlation of the Langmuir model was higher than that of the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cr6+ were 107.60-295.66, 133.00-342.11, and 33.59-75.41 mmol/kg, respectively. The qm of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cr6+ on LE + BS-Ps all increased first and then decreased with increasing proportion of LE, and the peak value was observed in 20%LE + BS-Ps. High pH improved Pb2+ and Cu2+ adsorption but inhibited Cr6+ adsorption. The adsorption amounts of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cr6+ all increased first and then decreased with incresing ionic strength and were maintained at the maximum value of 0.1-0.2 mol/L. The Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cr6+ adsorption mechanisms on different LE + BS-Ps showed a positive temperature effect and presented spontaneous, exothermic and entropy-adding processes.

Analysis of Clinical Symptoms of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Induced by Heat Stroke: Three Case Reports and Literature Review.

Background: Heat stroke is a potentially fatal condition that is caused by elevated core temperature. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) induced by heat stroke is extremely rare and has only been reported in few case reports. The purpose of this case study was to evaluate the clinical symptoms, neuroelectrophysiological and imageological features of GBS after heat stroke. Methods: We reviewed our hospital records and previously published reports to find the cases of GBS after heat stroke. The clinical, imageological, and electrophysiological profiles, treatment and prognosis were presented and analyzed. Results: We retrieved three cases of GBS induced by heat stroke from our hospital, which presented as lesions on multiple cranial and peripheral nerves and albuminocytologic dissociation in the cerebrospinal fluid. All of these patients had disorders of consciousness at the early stage of heat stroke and a "pseudo-recovery period" after they recovered from coma after heat stroke. After immunoglobulin administration and immunoregulation therapy, these patients' neurological deficiencies were relieved significantly. But there are still disabilities and almost totally reliant on others. Conclusions: The number of the cases of GBS induced by HS reported in this study has been the most in the recent 5 years. Clinicians should pay attention to patients with heat stroke with sustained coma and the sudden quadriplegia. Early, exact and timely diagnosis and treatment of GBS need to be performed, to accelerate recovery and improve prognosis.

[YU Tian-yuan's experience in the clinical application of Danzhong (CV 17) for mental illness].

To summarize YU Tian-yuan's experience of applying Danzhong (CV 17) for mental illness in acupuncture and tuina. YU Tian-yuan uses Danzhong (CV 17) alone or in combination with other acupoints to treat mental illnesses such as insomnia, palpitation and chest distress. Professor YU emphasizes 4 tips when treating diseases, nourishing the heart to tranquilize by light stimulation; regulating spirit by combined stimulation; leaving the acupoints and holding on the meridian for a wide range of stimulation; using rubbing and pushing manipulation in several directions for regulating qi to soothe the chest. And in clinical practice, formed a unique therapy to treat mental illness.

[Influencing factors for the quality of bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder combined with diet control before colonoscopy in children]. / å„¿ç«¥ç»“è‚ é•œæ£€æŸ¥å‰èšä¹™äºŒé†‡ç”µè§£è´¨æ•£è”åˆé¥®é£ŸæŽ§åˆ¶è‚ é“å‡†å¤‡è´¨é‡çš„å½±å“å› ç´ åˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influencing factors for the quality of bowel preparation before colonoscopy in children and the association of the interval from the last administration of laxative to the start of colonoscopy (shortly referred to as waiting time) with the quality of bowel preparation. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the children who were admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, from January to November 2020, and received bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder combined with diet control before colonoscopy. According to the score of Boston bowel preparation scale, they were divided into two groups: adequate bowel preparation group (n=337) and inadequate bowel preparation group (n=30). Related data were collected from the children in both groups, including general information, possible influencing factors for the quality of bowel preparation, adverse reactions associated with bowel preparation, duration of colonoscopy, and postoperative diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the influencing factors for the quality of bowel preparation. RESULTS: The univariate analysis showed that age, body weight, and waiting time were associated with inadequate bowel preparation (P<0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that older age (OR=2.155, 95%CI: 1.087-4.273, P=0.028) and longer waiting time (OR=1.559, 95% CI: 1.191-2.041, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the cut-off value of waiting time was 5.5 hours in determining whether bowel preparation was adequate or not, with a sensitivity of 90.0%, a specificity of 50.7%, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.708. After grouping based on waiting time, it was found that the incidence rate of inadequate bowel preparation in the ≥5.5 hours group was significantly higher than that in the <5.5 hours group [14.0% (27/193) vs 1.7% (3/174), P<0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: For children who use polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder combined with diet control for bowel preparation, older age is an independent risk factor for inadequate bowel preparation before colonoscopy, which may be associated with an insufficient dose of polyethylene glycol in older children. Longer waiting time is also an independent risk factor for inadequate bowel preparation, and it is recommended that the waiting time should not exceed 5.5 hours.

SPARCL1 Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Correlates with Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-like 1 (SPARCL1) plays an important role in tumor pathogenesis. We aim to evaluate the clinical significance and potential biological roles of SPARCL1 in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were downloaded to evaluate the expression levels of SPARCL1 in CRC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of SPARCL1. Then, comprehensive database search was conducted for published clinical studies to explore clinical significance of SPARCL1. In addition, coexpression genes of SPARCL1 were identified through the cBioPortal database and enrichment analysis of SPARCL1 and its coexpression genes were performed by the "clusterProfiler" R package. Finally, the correlations between SPARCL1 and tumor microenvironment scores, tumor-infiltrating immune cells in CRC were determined by "ESTIMATE" and "GSVA" R packages. RESULTS: SPARCL1 was significantly downregulated in CRC tissues, and SPARCL1 showed high accuracy for diagnosis of primary CRC in both GEO and TCGA datasets. Pooled results from published clinical studies showed SPARCL1 expression was associated with differentiation (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.38-2.59), tumor stage (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29-0.77), distant metastasis (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.33-0.84), and overall survival (HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.43-0.74). SPARCL1 and its top 300 coexpression genes were involved in several KEGG pathways, such as focal adhesion, cell adhesion molecules, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction. Besides, the SPARCL1 expression was significantly correlated with stromal score, immune score, ESTIMATE score, and diverse immune cells. CONCLUSION: SPARCL1 significantly correlated with clinicopathological features and tumor microenvironment in CRC.

Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference between Two Hyperentangled Photons Enables Observation of Symmetric and Antisymmetric Particle Exchange Phases.

Two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is a fundamental quantum effect with no classical counterpart. The existing research on two-photon interference was mainly limited in one degree of freedom (DOF); hence, it is still a challenge to realize quantum interference in multiple DOFs. Here, we demonstrate HOM interference between two hyperentangled photons in two DOFs of polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) for all 16 hyperentangled Bell states. We observe hyperentangled two-photon interference with a bunching effect for ten symmetric states (nine boson-boson states and one fermion-fermion state) and an antibunching effect for six antisymmetric states (three boson-fermion states and three fermion-boson states). More interestingly, expanding the Hilbert space by introducing an extra DOF for two photons enables one to transfer the unmeasurable external phase in the initial DOF to a measurable internal phase in the expanded two DOFs. We directly measured the symmetric exchange phases being 0.012±0.002, 0.025±0.002, and 0.027±0.002 in radian for the three boson states in OAM and the antisymmetric exchange phase being 0.991π±0.002 in radian for the other fermion state, as theoretical predictions. Our Letter may not only pave the way for more wide applications of quantum interference, but also develop new technologies by expanding Hilbert space in more DOFs.

Severe COVID-19-associated sepsis is different from classical sepsis induced by pulmonary infection with carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumonia (CrKP).

PURPOSE: COVID-19 is also referred to as a typical viral septic pulmonary infection by 2019-nCoV. However, little is known regarding its characteristics in terms of systemic inflammation and organ injury, especially compared with classical bacterial sepsis. This article aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis between COVID-19-associated sepsis and classic bacterial-induced sepsis. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, septic patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a government-designed therapy center in Shenzhen, China between January 14, 2020 and March 10, 2020, and septic patients induced by carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumonia (CrKP) admitted to the ICU of the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, China between January 1, 2014 and October 30, 2019 were enrolled. Demographic and clinical parameters including comorbidities, critical illness scores, treatment, and laboratory data, as well as prognosis were compared between the two groups. Risk factors for mortality and survival rate were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and survival curve, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 107 patients with COVID-19 and 63 patients with CrKP were enrolled. A direct comparison between the two groups demonstrated more serious degrees of primary lung injury following 2019-nCoV infection (indicated by lower PaO2/FiO2), but milder systemic inflammatory response, lower sequential organ failure assessment score and better functions of the organs like heart, liver, kidney, coagulation, and circulation. However, the acquired immunosuppression presented in COVID-19 patients was more severe, which presented as lower lymphocyte counts (0.8×109/L vs. 0.9×109/L). Moreover, the proportion of COVID-19 patients treated with corticosteroid therapy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was larger compared with CrKP patients (78.5% vs. 38.1% and 6.5% vs. 0, respectively) who required less invasive mechanical ventilation (31.6% vs. 54.0%). The incidence of hospitalized mortality and length of ICU stay and total hospital stay were also lower or shorter in viral sepsis (12.1% vs. 39.7%, 6.5 days vs. 23.0 days and 21.0 days vs. 33.0 days, respectively) (all p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained after being adjusted by age, gender, comorbidity and PaO2/FiO2. Lymphocytopenia and high acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II scores were common risk factors for in-hospital death. While the death cases of COVID-19 sepsis mostly occurred at the later stages of patients' hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Critical COVID-19 shares clinical characteristics with classical bacterial sepsis, but the degree of systemic inflammatory response, secondary organ damage and mortality rate are less severe. However, following 2019-nCoV infection, the level of immunosuppression may be increased and thus induce in more death at the later stage of patients' hospitalstay.

Tuina for peripherally-induced neuropathic pain: A review of analgesic mechanism.

Peripherally-induced neuropathic pain (pNP) is a kind of NP that is common, frequent, and difficult to treat. Tuina, also known as massage and manual therapy, has been used to treat pain in China for thousands of years. It has been clinically proven to be effective in the treatment of pNP caused by cervical spondylosis, lumbar disc herniation, etc. However, its analgesic mechanism is still not clear and has been the focus of research. In this review, we summarize the existing research progress, so as to provide guidance for clinical and basic studies. The analgesic mechanism of tuina is mainly manifested in suppressing peripheral inflammation by regulating the TLR4 pathway and miRNA, modulating ion channels (such as P2X3 and piezo), inhibiting the activation of glial cells, and adjusting the brain functional alterations. Overall, tuina has an analgesic effect by acting on different levels of targets, and it is an effective therapy for the treatment of pNP. It is necessary to continue to study the mechanism of tuina analgesia.

LINC01087 inhibits glioma cell proliferation and migration, and increases cell apoptosis via miR-384/Bcl-2 axis.

BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) is associated with disease progression. It is reported that LINC01087 is highly expressed in cancer and participates in tumorigenesis. However, whether it regulates the development of glioma has not been studied. So, the goal of this research is to determine the role of LINC01087 in gliomas and to provide potential targets for clinical treatment. METHODS: The gene expression was detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB). Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK8 and colony formation test, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Luciferase report experiment and RNA Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction between LINC01087, miR-384 and Bcl-2. The effect of regulating LINC01087 on the growth of glioma was confirmed in vitro. RESULTS: The LINC01087 expression was up-regulated in clinical glioma samples (n = 35). Furthermore, LINC01087 silencing can obviously suppress the proliferation of glioma cells and induce apoptosis. Mechanically, we found that LINC01087 was the molecular sponge of miR-384. LINC01087 could inhibit the miR-384 expression and boost the Bcl-2 expression through sponge expression of miR-384. The repair of Bcl-2 effectively saved the proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells lacking LINC01087. CONCLUSION: LINC01087 is highly expressed in glioma and can participate in the growth of glioma through miR-384/Bcl-2 axis. So, it is a potential therapeutic target.

Microbial Oligosaccharides with Biomedical Applications.

Microbial oligosaccharides have been regarded as one of the most appealing natural products attributable to their potent and selective bioactivities, such as antimicrobial activity, inhibition of α-glucosidases and lipase, interference of cellular recognition and signal transduction, and disruption of cell wall biosynthesis. Accordingly, a handful of bioactive oligosaccharides have been developed for the treatment of bacterial infections and type II diabetes mellitus. Given that naturally occurring oligosaccharides have increasingly gained recognition in recent years, a comprehensive review is needed. The current review highlights the chemical structures, biological activities and divergent biosynthetic origins of three subgroups of oligomers including the acarviosine-containing oligosaccharides, saccharomicins, and orthosomycins.

Cross-Sphere Electrode Reaction: The Case of Hydroxyl Desorption during the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pt(111) in Alkaline Media.

Hydroxide ion is a common electrolyte when electrode reactions take place in alkaline media. In the case of oxygen reduction reaction on Pt(111), we demonstrate by ab initio molecular dynamics calculations that the desorption of hydroxyl (OH*) from the electrode surface to form a solvated OH- is a cross-sphere process, with the OH* reactant in the inner sphere and the OH- product directly generated in the aqueous outer sphere. Such a mechanism is distinct from the typical inner sphere and outer sphere reactions. It is dictated by the strong hydrogen bonding interactions between a hydroxide ion and water molecules and is facilitated by proton transfer through solvation layers. It should play a significant role whenever OH* desorption, or its reverse, OH- adsorption, is involved in an electrochemical reaction.

Evolution of the linker in microhydrated hydrogen dinitrate anions: From H+ to H5 O2.

Hydrogen dinitrate anion, HNO3 (NO3- ), is a proton-bound dimer with a very strong hydrogen bond. By employing ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) method, we studied the effects of the proton transfer and the rotation of the nitrates on the vibrational profiles of HNO3 (NO3- )(H2 O)n (n = 0-2). The AIMD results indicate that the structure of the n = 0 cluster is very flexible, even though its hydrogen bond is quite strong. Significant rotations around the hydrogen bond and frequent transfers of proton from HNO3 to NO3- are observed in AIMD simulations. Dynamic changes are therefore an important factor in understanding the broadening of vibrational features. For n = 1, the extent of structural fluctuation increases further, as H2 O could move around the anion while the HNO3 (NO3- ) core also goes through structural changes. Its vibrational spectrum can be understood as a mixture of many isomers visited during AIMD simulations. By n = 2, the structure is stabilized around one isomer, with the linker between the two nitrates being H5 O2+ , rather than H+ . Due to strong hydrogen bonds between nitrates and water molecules, this H5 O2+ takes the extraordinary structure with the H+ localized on one H2 O, rather than being shared. While this novel structure is stable during AIMD simulations, the dynamic fluctuations in hydrogen bond distances still produce significant broadening in its vibrational profile.

Vibrational Signature of Dynamic Coupling of a Strong Hydrogen Bond.

Elucidating the dynamic couplings of hydrogen bonds remains an important and challenging goal for spectroscopic studies of bulk systems, because their vibrational signatures are masked by the collective effects of the fluctuation of many hydrogen bonds. Here we utilize size-selected infrared spectroscopy based on a tunable vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser to unmask the vibrational signatures for the dynamic couplings in neutral trimethylamine-water and trimethylamine-methanol complexes, as microscopic models with only one single hydrogen bond holding two molecules. Surprisingly broad progression of OH stretching peaks with distinct intensity modulation over ∼700 cm-1 is observed for trimethylamine-water, while the dramatic reduction of this progression in the trimethylamine-methanol spectrum offers direct experimental evidence for the dynamic couplings. State-of-the-art quantum mechanical calculations reveal that such dynamic couplings are originated from strong Fermi resonance between the stretches of hydrogen-bonded OH and several motions of the solvent water/methanol, such as translation, rocking, and bending, which are significant in various solvated complexes commonly found in atmospheric and biological systems.