Drifting Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Young Adults in Multiunit Housing.

This study evaluated young adults' exposure to drifting secondhand smoke in San Francisco County housing units using the 2014 Bay Area Young Adult Health Survey (N = 1363). Logistic and geographically weighted regression models were used to determine whether residing in multiunit housing or in areas with greater neighborhood disorder were risk factors for exposure, and how drifting smoke exposure varied spatially within San Francisco County. Residing in buildings with five or more units significantly increased the odds of reporting drifting smoke exposure [OR (3.5 1.3, 9.9)], but neighborhood disorder did not have a significant association in the fully adjusted logistic regression model. At the local level, however, neighborhood disorder was significantly associated with exposure in lower income residential and downtown areas. Multiunit housing was significantly associated with exposure across all neighborhoods.

Keeping it Old School: Profiles of Traditional Gender Role Values and Life Satisfaction Among Mexican Descent Adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of traditional gender role value profiles on life satisfaction for Mexican descent youth. A latent profile analysis was conducted with 524 Mexican descent adolescents (53.1% girls and 46.9% boys; age M = 16.23 years, SD = 1.10 years) to examine endorsement of traditional gender role values. Analyses identified three profiles: modernist, pluralist, and traditionalist, reflecting the degree to which each group endorsed traditional gender roles. A multivariate analysis of variance of the latent profiles demonstrated differences in life satisfaction reports for boys and girls. Girls in the traditionalist profile reported greater overall life satisfaction compared to the pluralist and modernist profiles and greater environmental and friend satisfaction compared to the pluralist profile. For boys, the traditionalist gender value ratings reported greater overall, family, school, and environmental life satisfaction as compared to the pluralist and modernist groups. Results demonstrate that ascribing to more traditional gender role values may be protective for Mexican descent adolescents in regard to life satisfaction. We will discuss applications of our findings for practitioners working with Mexican descent youth focused on increasing positive aspects of emotional well-being.

El propósito de este estudio es examinar el papel de los perfiles de valor de rol de genero tradicional en la satisfacción de vida para la juventud de descendencia mexicana Se condujo un análisis de clases latente con 524 adolescentes de descendencia mexicana para examinar el endoso de los valores tradicionales del género. Los análisis identificaron tres perfiles: Modernista, Pluralista, y Tradicionalista, reflexionando el grado con cual cada grupo endorsa los roles de género tradicionales. MANOVA de las clases latente demostró diferencias en reportes de la satisfactión de la vida para los hombres y las mujeres. Las mujeres el perfil "Tradicionalista" estuvo asociado con satisfacción de la vida general a comparación con los grupos "Pluralista" y "Modernista" y mayor satisfacción en la amistad y ambiental en comparación con el perfil "Pluralista." Para los hombres con clasificación de valor del género "Tradicionalista" reportaron mayor satisfacción general de la familia, la escuela, y ambiental satisfacción de vida en comparación con los grupos "Pluralista" y "Modernista." Los resultados demuestran que adscribirse a valores de rol de género más tradicionales puede ser un protector para adolescentes de descendencia mexicana en relación con la satisfacción de vida. Vamos a discutir las aplicaciones de nuestros encuentros para practicantes trabajando con jóvenes de descendencia mexicana enfocados en aumentando aspectos positivos del bienestar emocional.

Psychometric evaluation of an abbreviated version of the intragroup marginalization inventory.

Tobacco and marijuana use among U.S. young adults is a top public health concern, and racial/ethnic minorities may be at particular risk. Past research examining cultural variables has focused on the individual in relation to the mainstream U.S. culture; however, an individual can also experience within-group stress, or intragroup marginalization. We used the 2014 San Francisco Bay Area Young Adult Health Survey to validate an abbreviated measure of intragroup marginalization and identify associations between intragroup marginalization and tobacco and marijuana use among ethnic minority young adults (N = 1,058). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify factors within the abbreviated scale, and logistic regressions were conducted to examine relationships between intragroup marginalization and tobacco and marijuana use. Two factors emerged from the abbreviated scale. The first factor encompassed items related to belonging and membership, capturing whether individuals experienced marginalization due to not fitting in because of physical appearance or behavior. The second factor encompassed whether individuals shared similar hopes and dreams to their friends and family members. Factor 1 (membership) was associated with increased odds of marijuana use (OR = 1.34, p < .05) and lower odds of using cigars (OR = 0.79, p < .05), controlling for sociodemographic factors. Results suggest that young adults may use marijuana as a means to build connection and belonging to cope with feeling marginalized. Health education programs focused on ethnic minority young adults are needed to help them effectively cope with intragroup marginalization without resorting to marijuana use.

Process Evaluation of a Community Outpatient Program Treating Substance Use Disorders.

Addiction treatment can improve its impact by providing evidence-based care for the variety of problems that accompany substance use disorders. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of a new treatment program in California that aimed at providing multifaceted services through affiliated licensed and certified outpatient providers. The process evaluation used a logic model, focusing on program inputs, activities, and outputs, to understand the services received by the initial 18 clients who entered treatment. Outcomes for these patients were not assessed. Results indicated that clients received a variety of services: On average clients contracted for 118 treatment sessions and received 143 sessions. Among the many types of services provided, the most frequently received were integrative healthcare (averaging 42 sessions), group therapy (32 sessions), and individual therapy (32 sessions). This logic-model process evaluation indicated that a range of services were provided. The comprehensive approach may have promise for extending addiction treatment beyond its usual boundaries.

At what costs? Student loan debt, debt stress, and racially/ethnically diverse college students' perceived health.

OBJECTIVES: There has been little research on the direct and indirect connections between student loan debt and health. The present study tested a transactional stress model (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984a) of student loan debt in which the appraisal of debt as stressful was proposed to mediate the associations between student loan debt amount and perceived health (i.e., self-rated general health, depressive symptomatology). METHOD: The present study draws on a racially/ethnically diverse college student sample (N = 1,412) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshman (NLSF). Structural equation modeling (SEM) with robust maximum likelihood (MLR) estimation was used to test the fit of the transactional stress model and compare it with an alternative model (that is, Schachter and Singer's (1962) two factor). Multigroup analyses were conducted to test racial/ethnic differences. RESULTS: SEM results indicated good fit of the transactional stress model and suggested its superiority to the alternative two-factor model. Multigroup SEM analyses revealed racial/ethnic differences. Whereas for Black/African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, and White Americans, appraisal of debt as stressful was linked to poorer general health and more depressive symptomatology, these associations were nonsignificant for Asian Americans. Tests of indirect effects indicated that the mediating role of debt stress was most consistently significant for Black/African Americans and Hispanic/Latino Americans compared with Asian and, to a lesser extent, White Americans. CONCLUSIONS: Results affirm the potential health impact of both student loan debt amount and the subjective appraisal of stress associated with student loan debt as significant stressors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

The role of therapy fears, ethnic identity, and spirituality on access to mental health treatment among Latino college students.

This study examined the impact of therapy fears, ethnicity identity, and spirituality on the use of mental health service among Latino college students. Participants were 83 Latino college students (78% female) recruited from a university in Central Texas. Analyses of the results indicated that previous mental health services use was negatively correlated with spirituality. Previous use of mental health services was positively correlated with participants' views that their ethnic community and religious affiliation did not influence their decisions to seek services. Additionally, ethnic identity was positively correlated with spirituality. Furthermore, participants' views that their ethnic community did not influence their decisions to seek services were correlated with religious affiliation. Therapy fears were positively correlated with participants' views that their ethnic community and religious affiliation did not influence their decisions to seek services. MANOVA analyses indicated that only spirituality (not therapy fears or ethnic identity) significantly impacted Latino college students' decisions to seek counseling services. Finally, regression analyses indicated that spiritual meaning and religious affiliation predicts service use. Implications for research and practice in college counseling centers are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

Attempting to successfully straddle the cultural divide: Hopelessness model of bicultural stress, mental health, and caregiver connection for Mexican descent adolescents.

The present study extends the Hopelessness Model of Depression through: (a) investigating the applicability of bicultural stress as precipitant in this model, (b) expanding mental health outcomes in addition to depression (i.e., life satisfaction), and (c) examining the protective role that male and female caregiver connection may play in disrupting this model for Mexican descent adolescents. With a sample of 524 Mexican descent adolescents (46.9% male; 53.1% female; age range: 14-20; M = 16.23 years; SD = 1.10 years), 2 structural equation models were tested, The first model (Theoretical Model) sought to determine the relationship between bicultural stress, life satisfaction, and depressive symptoms with hopelessness as a mediator. The second model (Protective Factor Model) investigated both male and female caregiver connectedness as potential protective factors in the bicultural stress-mental health relationships. Both models were supported. In the Theoretical Model, hopelessness mediated the relationship between bicultural stress and the mental health variables (i.e., depression and life satisfaction). Additionally, in the Protective Factor Model, female caregiver connection moderated the relationships between bicultural stress and life satisfaction, highlighting that female caregiver connection is a protective factor in the bicultural stress-life satisfaction relationship. Findings will be discussed from a resilience perspective with recommendations of how practitioners can use these findings for mental health prevention and intervention purposes.

The relationship between Mexican American cultural values and resilience among Mexican American college students: a mixed methods study.

The current study investigated the role of cultural values in the resilience of Mexican American college students. Utilizing mixed methodology, 124 self-identified Mexican American college students were asked to complete an online survey, including a demographic questionnaire, the Resilience Scale, Mexican American Cultural Values Scale, and 2 open-ended questions concerning overcoming adversity and cultural values. As hypothesized, Mexican American traditional cultural values (Familismo, Respeto, Religiosidad, and Traditional Gender Roles) predicted resilience, with Familismo accounting for the majority of the variance. Consensual qualitative research (Hill, Thompson, & Nutt Williams, 1997) was used to identify emergent domains and themes within the open-ended question responses. Traditional Mexican American Value themes included Familismo, Ethnic Identity, Religiosidad, Perseverance, and Respeto. Results highlight the important role that certain Mexican American cultural values play in providing strength for overcoming adversities.

The importance of familia for Latina/o college students: examining the role of familial support in intragroup marginalization.

Intragroup marginalization refers to the perceived interpersonal distancing by members of the heritage culture when an individual exhibits cultural characteristics of the dominant group. This study expands understanding of the college experience of Latina/o students by examining relationships between intragroup marginalization, college adjustment, resilience, and thriving in a sample of 181 Latina/o college students, ranging from freshman to graduate students. In addition, the role of familial social support is explored to determine any possible mediating effects on the relationship between intragroup marginalization, college adjustment, resilience, and thriving. Findings revealed that intragroup marginalization predicted college adjustment, resilience, and thriving. Familial social support was found to mediate the relationship between intragroup marginalization and thriving. This research highlights the negative impact of intragroup marginalization for Latina/o students, as well as the role of familial support in thriving. The results also shed light on the Latina/o college experience as a means to improving Latina/o students' college outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).