A new tool to screen patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea in the primary care setting: a prospective multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: The coordination between different levels of care is essential for the management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The objective of this multicenter project was to develop a screening model for OSA in the primary care setting. METHODS: Anthropometric data, clinical history, and symptoms of OSA were recorded in randomly selected primary care patients, who also underwent a home sleep apnea test (HSAT). Respiratory polygraphy or polysomnography were performed at the sleep unit to establish definite indication for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). By means of cross-validation, a logistic regression model (CPAP yes/no) was designed, and with the clinical variables included in the model, a scoring system was established using the ß coefficients (PASHOS Test). In a second stage, results of HSAT were added, and the final accuracy of the model was assessed. RESULTS: 194 patients completed the study. The clinical test included the body mass index, neck circumference and observed apneas during sleep (AUC 0.824, 95% CI 0.763-0.886, P < 0.001). In a second stage, the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) of 3% (ODI3% ≥ 15%) from the HSAT was added (AUC 0.911, 95% CI 0.863-0.960, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 85.5% (95% CI 74.7-92.1) and specificity of 67.8% (95% CI 55.1-78.3). CONCLUSIONS: The use of this model would prevent referral to the sleep unit for 55.1% of the patients. The two-stage PASHOS model is a useful and practical screening tool for OSA in primary care for detecting candidates for CPAP treatment. Clinical Trial Registration Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: PASHOS Project: Advanced Platform for Sleep Apnea Syndrome Assessment; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02591979 ; Identifier: NCT02591979. Date of registration: October 30, 2015.

[Is the introduction of clinical management programs for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease useful? Comparison of the effectiveness of two interventions on the clinical progress and care received]. / ¿Es útil la implantación de programas de gestión clínica de los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica? Comparación de la efectividad de dos intervenciones sobre la evolución clínica y la atención recibida.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of two management programs on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DESIGN: A study with a quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of two interventions (I1, I2) for the care of patients with COPD after a mean follow-up of 31.2months. SETTING: Primary Care Centres in two Barcelona Health Areas and their referral hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with COPD selected by simple random sampling using any disease code corresponding to COPD. INTERVENTIONS: I1: Integrated management program that was optimised and coordinated the resources. Training was given, as well as quality control of spirometry. I2: Isolated interventions like a call-centre. Care circuits and computerised clinical notes were shared. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Variables were recorded as regards lung function, severity, use of inhalers, lifestyles, quality of life, and exacerbations. RESULTS: Of the 393 patients evaluated at the beginning, 120 and 104 (I1 and I2, respectively) received the final evaluation. With I1, there was a reduction in patients who smoked (P=.034). Lung function and quality of life did not change significantly in either group, but shortness of breath was slightly worse. There was an increase in the correct use of inhalers, although it only reached 48% and 61% with interventions I1 and I2, respectively. The percentage of patients with exacerbations decreased with I1 compared to that of I2 (P<.001), and there were less hospital admissions due to exacerbations with I2 compared to I1 (P<.003]). CONCLUSIONS: Both interventions achieved significant improvements, and no overall worsening of a chronic and progressive disease as is COPD.

Características de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en fase estable relacionadas con la inflamación sistémica / Characteristics of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease related to systemic inflammation

Fundamento y objetivo: La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es un proceso que cursa con inflamación sistémica. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre la inflamación sistémica, medida con la concentración de proteína C reactiva (PCR) en sangre capilar, y distintos parámetros clínico-funcionales de la enfermedad. Pacientes y método: Se evaluó una muestra aleatoria de 413 pacientes con EPOC atendidos en 31 centros de salud de Barcelona. Se registraron antecedentes, variables antropométricas, hábitos tóxicos, tratamientos, Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ, «Cuestionario de Enfermedades Respiratorias Crónicas») y escala de disnea. Se realizó una espirometría y se determinó la concentración de CO en aire espirado y de la PCR en sangre capilar. Resultados: La media (desviación estándar) de edad fue 72 (8,4) años y la del volumen espirado en el primer segundo (FEV1) posbroncodilatador de 1,65 (0,65) l. La correlación fue negativa entre PCR y FEV1 posbroncodilatador (r=-0,25, p<0,001), así como entre PCR y puntuación en el CRQ (r=-0,098, p=0,048), y fue positiva entre PCR y CO en aire espirado (r=0,1, p=0,039). La proporción de pacientes con PCR elevada fue superior en los estadios GOLD más avanzados (p<0,001), en aquellos con más disnea (p=0,042), en los tratados con glucocorticoides inhalados (p=0,018) y en aquellos que habían ingresado por agudización en el último año (p=0,026). El análisis multivariante indicó como determinantes independientes de la PCR el FEV1 posbroncodilatador y la concentración de CO en aire espirado. Conclusión: En los pacientes con EPOC, el tabaquismo activo y el grado de la obstrucción al flujo aéreo se asocian a una mayor intensidad de la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica medida por la PCR (AU)

Background and objetive: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between systemic inflammation, measured with C reactive protein (CRP), and clinical and functional outcomes of the disease. Patients and methods: A randomized sample of 413 COPD patients from 31 primary health care centers of Barcelona was evaluated. Medical history, anthropometric measurements, toxic habits, treatments, Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) and dyspnea were registered. Spirometry, exhaled CO concentration and CRP in capillary blood were performed. Results: Median (standard deviation) of the age was 72 (8.4) years and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) postbronchodilatador 1.65 (0.65) l. The correlation was negative between CRP and FEV1 postbronchodilatador(r=-0.25, P<0.001) and between CRP and CRQ scores (r=-0.098, P=0.048) and positive between CRP and CO (r=0.1, P=0.039). The ratio of patients with elevated CRP was higher in advanced GOLD stage (P<0.001), worst dyspnea (P=0.042), patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids (P=0.018) and if they had been hospitalized during the last year (P=0.026). The multivariant analysis showed, as independent factors of elevated CRP, FEV1 postbronchodilator and CO concentration. Conclusion: In COPD patients, active smoking habit and the airway's obstruction degree are associated with a greater intensity of the inflammatory systemic response measured by the CRP (AU)

[Characteristics of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease related to systemic inflammation]. / Características de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en fase estable relacionadas con la inflamación sistémica.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between systemic inflammation, measured with C reactive protein (CRP), and clinical and functional outcomes of the disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized sample of 413 COPD patients from 31 primary health care centers of Barcelona was evaluated. Medical history, anthropometric measurements, toxic habits, treatments, Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) and dyspnea were registered. Spirometry, exhaled CO concentration and CRP in capillary blood were performed. RESULTS: Median (standard deviation) of the age was 72 (8.4) years and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) postbronchodilatador 1.65 (0.65) l. The correlation was negative between CRP and FEV(1) postbronchodilatador(r=-0.25, P<0.001) and between CRP and CRQ scores (r=-0.098, P=0.048) and positive between CRP and CO (r=0.1, P=0.039). The ratio of patients with elevated CRP was higher in advanced GOLD stage (P<0.001), worst dyspnea (P=0.042), patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids (P=0.018) and if they had been hospitalized during the last year (P=0.026). The multivariant analysis showed, as independent factors of elevated CRP, FEV(1) postbronchodilator and CO concentration. CONCLUSION: In COPD patients, active smoking habit and the airway's obstruction degree are associated with a greater intensity of the inflammatory systemic response measured by the CRP.

[Knowledge of and attitudes and adherence to the Spanish Guidelines for Asthma Management (GEMA) among Spanish health care professionals: the GEMA test Project]. / Opinión, conocimientos y grado de seguimiento referidos por los profesionales sanitarios españoles de la Guía Española para el Manejo del Asma (GEMA). Proyecto GEMA-TEST.

OBJECTIVE: Health care professionals' adherence to asthma guidelines is believed to be low. The aim of the present study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and adherence of Spanish health care professionals with respect to the Spanish Guidelines for Asthma Management (GEMA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multiple choice test with 15 questions was constructed. Items assessed knowledge of and opinions and adherence to asthma guidelines in general and the GEMA in particular. Test completion was voluntary, individual, and anonymous. RESULTS: A total of 1,066 physicians and nurses took the test. The sample consisted of 241 (22.6%) respiratory medicine specialists and 244 (22.9%) nurses from the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR), 221 (20.7%) pediatric pulmonologists from the Spanish Society of Pediatric Pulmonology (SENP), 220 (20.6%) general practitioners from the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), 181 (17%) general practitioners from the Spanish Society of Rural and General Medicine (SEMERGEN), and 38 (3.6%) others. Asthma guidelines were considered useful or very useful by 805 (76%), and 771 (72%) stated they were familiar with the GEMA. However, 388 (36%) admitted that they followed guidelines seldom or never. The level of adherence to the GEMA was poor for 243 (30.3%) respondents. The multivariate analysis revealed that low adherence was associated with the following characteristics: coming from the geographic center or south of Spain; being a primary care physician, unfamiliar with guidelines, or unconvinced of their utility; and not being a user of spirometry. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the majority of Spanish health care professionals surveyed seem to know of the GEMA, their adherence to those guidelines is very low. Educational programs that seek to improve knowledge of asthma guidelines should consider the profile of professionals with low adherence to the GEMA so as to include educational strategies that target them specifically.

Opinión, conocimientos y grado de seguimiento referidos por los profesionales sanitarios españoles de la Guía Española para el Manejo del Asma (GEMA). Proyecto GEMA-TEST / Knowledge of and attitudes and adherence to the Spanish guidelines for asthma management (GEMA) among spanish health care professionals: the GEMA TEST Project

Objetivo: Se sospecha que el seguimiento de las recomendaciones terapéuticas del asma entre los profesionales sanitarios es bajo. El presente estudio se ha realizado con el objeto de determinar la opinión, el conocimiento y cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de la Guía Española para el Manejo del Asma (GEMA) entre los profesionales sanitarios españoles. Material y métodos: Se elaboró un cuestionario de 15 preguntas de respuesta múltiple que recogían la opinión y conocimiento general sobre las guías de asma, el grado de seguimiento de éstas y, específicamente, de las recomendaciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas de la GEMA. El cuestionario se cumplimentó de forma voluntaria, individual y anónima. Resultados: Rellenaron el cuestionario 1.066 profesionales: 241 (22,6%) neumólogos y 244 (22,9%) profesionales de enfermería de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR); 221 (20,7%) pediatras-neumólogos de la Sociedad Española de Neumología Pediátrica (SENP); 220 (20,6%) médicos de atención primaria de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (semFYC); 181 (17%) médicos de atención primaria de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Rural y Generalista (SEMERGEN), y 38 (3,6%) de otras sociedades. De ellos, 805 (76%) opinaron que las guías para el manejo del asma eran útiles o muy útiles y 771 (72%) conocían la GEMA, pero 388 (36%) reconocían que seguían poco o nunca sus recomendaciones. Entre los médicos participantes, 243 (30,3%) fueron clasificados como malos cumplidores de la GEMA. El análisis multivariante reveló que los profesionales provenientes de las áreas centro y sur españolas, los de atención primaria, los poco convencidos de la utilidad de las guías o los que no las conocen, y los que no empleaban la espirometría se asociaron con un menor cumplimiento de la guía. Conclusiones: Si bien la mayoría de los profesionales sanitarios españoles encuestados conoce y estima positiva la GEMA, el grado de cumplimiento de ésta es bajo. Los futuros programas docentes encaminados a difundir las guías de asma deberían considerar el perfil del médico no cumplidor de la GEMA e incorporar estrategias educativas dirigidas específicamente a dichos profesionales

Objective: Health care professionals' adherence to asthma guidelines is believed to be low. The aim of the present study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and adherence of Spanish health care professionals with respect to the Spanish Guidelines for Asthma Management (GEMA). Material and methods: A multiple choice test with 15 questions was constructed. Items assessed knowledge of and opinions and adherence to asthma guidelines in general and the GEMA in particular. Test completion was voluntary, individual, and anonymous. Results: A total of 1066 physicians and nurses took the test. The sample consisted of 241 (22.6%) respiratory medicine specialists and 244 (22.9%) nurses from the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR), 221 (20.7%) pediatric pulmonologists from the Spanish Society of Pediatric Pulmonology (SENP), 220 (20.6%) general practitioners from the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), 181 (17%) general practitioners from the Spanish Society of Rural and General Medicine (SEMERGEN), and 38 (3.6%) others. Asthma guidelines were considered useful or very useful by 805 (76%), and 771 (72%) stated they were familiar with the GEMA. However, 388 (36%) admitted that they followed guidelines seldom or never. The level of adherence to the GEMA was poor for 243 (30.3%) respondents. The multivariate analysis revealed that low adherence was associated with the following characteristics: coming from the geographic center or south of Spain; being a primary care physician, unfamiliar with guidelines, or unconvinced of their utility; and not being a user of spirometry. Conclusions: Even though the majority of Spanish health care professionals surveyed seem to know of the GEMA, their adherence to those guidelines is very low. Educational programs that seek to improve knowledge of asthma guidelines should consider the profile of professionals with low adherence to the GEMA so as to include educational strategies that target them specifically