Serum concentration of cobalt, molybdenum and zinc in aerobic, anaerobic and aerobic-anaerobic sportsmen.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to determine changes in the serum concentrations of trace elements Cobalt (Co), Molybdenum (Mo) and Zinc (Zn) among high-level sportsmen. METHODS: Eighty professional athletes of different metabolic modalities (aerobic, anaerobic and aerobic-anaerobic), were recruited before the beginning of their training seasons. Thirty-one sedentary participants of the same geographic area constituted the control group. Co, Mo and Zn analysis was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS: Serum concentration of Mo (p < 0.001) was higher among sportsmen compared to the control group values. Separated by modalities, the concentrations of Co in the aerobic-anaerobic athletes were lower (p < 0.01) than in the control group as well as than in the other athletes. The highest Mo concentration was found in anaerobic sportsmen (p < 0.001), followed by aerobic-anaerobic (p < 0.001) being both statistically higher in comparison with the control group. In relation to Zn, it was observed that aerobic-anaerobic (p < 0.001) and anaerobic (p < 0.001) sportsmen showed higher concentrations than the control participants. However, aerobic sportsmen showed lower concentrations (p < 0.01) than controls. CONCLUSION: This data manifest that long-term, daily physical training may induce variations in serum concentrations of several essential elements among sportsmen in comparison to untrained men and that these changes seems to be related to the sports modality practiced.

Influence of an Acute Exercise Until Exhaustion on Serum and Urinary Concentrations of Molybdenum, Selenium, and Zinc in Athletes.

The aim of the present study was to determine changes occurring in serum and urine concentrations of essential trace elements with proven essentiality (molybdenum, selenium, and zinc) as a result of performing an acute physical activity until exhaustion in middle- and long-distance runners who live in the same area of Extremadura (Spain). Twenty-one Spanish national middle- and long-distance runners and 26 sedentary students of a similar age were recruited for the study. Both groups ran on a treadmill until exhaustion, starting at a speed of 10 and 8 km/h, respectively, and increasing the speed at 1 km/h every 400 m, without modifying the slope, always within the recommended parameters. Serum and urine samples were obtained from all subjects before and after the tests. Analysis of trace metals was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Resting serum and urinary concentrations between groups were compared using the Student t test, and the Wilcoxon test was used to analyze the trends of changes before and after the effort. The results showed that molybdenum concentrations were significantly higher in athletes than in controls (p < 0.01). Selenium (p < 0.05) and zinc (p < 0.01) concentrations were significantly lower in athletes than in controls. When we compared the serum concentrations before and after the test in the controls, only in the case of selenium (p = 0.006), a significant increase was observed after the test. However, this signification disappears with the corrections for hematocrit. Athletes' serum concentrations of Se (p = 0.004) and Zn (p = 0.005) lowered at the end of the test. Also, the results showed that there were no statistical urinary concentration (expressed in µg/g creatinine) changes in Mo and Se. Zn urinary concentration increased at the end of exercise (p = 0.018), since an incremental exercise to exhaustion in middle- and long-distance elite athletes produces a decrease in Se and Zn serum concentrations but Zn urinary concentration increased. In conclusion, athletes show higher serum concentrations of molybdenum and lower serum concentrations of selenium and zinc than sedentary subjects. Additionally, a treadmill test until exhaustion provokes a decrease in serum concentration of selenium and zinc and a higher excretion of urinary zinc. Serum concentrations of Se and Zn should be carried out in order to avoid any possible deficit cases and to establish the optimal supplementation.

Seric concentrations of copper, chromium, manganesum, nickel and selenium in aerobic, anaerobic and mixed professional sportsmen.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to determine changes in serum concentrations of trace elements Cooper (Cu), Chromiun (Cr), Manganesum (Mn), Nickel (Ni) and Selenium (Se) in high-level sportsmen. METHODS: Eighty professional athletes of different metabolic modalities, were recruited before the start of their training period. Thirty one sedentary participants of the same geographic area constituted the control group. Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni and Se analysis was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS: Higher concentrations of Cr (p < 0.001), Mn (p < 0.085), and Ni (p < 0.001) were found in sportsmen in comparison to controls, inversely, Se values were lower (p < 0.001) among sportsmen. When sportsmen were classified by metabolic modalities, it was found that aerobic-anaerobic group had higher (p < 0.01) Cu concentrations than controls and the other sportsmen. The highest Cr values were found in aerobic participants. For Mn, the major levels were found in aerobic and aerobic-anaerobic groups as well (p < 0.001). The lowest Se levels were found among anaerobic sportsmen (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This research showed that daily, continuum physical training induced alterations in serum essential minerals concentrations, as well as that these changes can be dependent of the exercise modality practiced.

Effect of long-term aerobic, anaerobic and aerobic-anaerobic physical training in seric toxic minerals concentrations.

BACKGROUND: Many substances poured out from industries can be toxic to humans and can impair physical performance. Besides, physical training may modify the body concentrations of these substances as a result of physiological adaptations. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine if different modalities of exercise might affect serum concentrations of toxic trace elements in sportsmen. METHODS: 80 Spanish national sportsmen were recruited before the start of their training period. All the athletes had been training regularly for the previous two years with a rigorous training target at high-level competition. 31 sedentary participants from the same geographic area formed the control group. Serum arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, cesium and lead samples were analyzed with an ICP-MS. RESULTS: Serum concentrations were higher among the sportsmen group than among the control group, being highly significant in cases of Be from 0.043±0.019 to 0.074±0.029µg/L, Cs from 0.693±0.305 to 1.358±0.569µg/L and Pb from 0.162±0.171 to 2.375±1.699µg/L; and significant in the case of Cd from 0.046±0.027 to 0.067±0.059µg/L. However, if they were separated according to different sport modalities, it was found that, although they had higher concentrations than controls, there were elements that changed their concentrations in relation to the metabolic type of activity performed. CONCLUSIONS: In some cases physical exercise induces favorable adaptations to avoid environmental pollution damage. Endurance training (65-75% VO2max) can be considered the most effective exercise to prevent toxicity effects. However, integral-matrixes analysis are required in further research to overcome some controversial behaviors of some elements.

Serum concentration of several trace metals and physical training.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to observe the concentrations of trace metals boron, lithium, rubidium, antimony, tin and strontium in the serum of athletes from different modalities and sedentary subjects and the possible influence that different energy sports training modalities can have on their concentration. METHODS: Eighty professional athletes and 31 sedentary males participated in the present survey. All of them were living in Cáceres (Spain). Serum boron, lithium, rubidium, antimony, tin and strontium analysis was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS: The results show higher concentrations in athletes on tin (p < 0.01), rubidium and antimony (p < 0.001) than the control group. In the case of tin, this item had the highest concentrations only in aerobic sports modalities. Regarding rubidium and antimony, the highest concentrations are found in athletes with lower oxygen consumption (aerobic-anaerobic) (p < 0.001), followed by anaerobic group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our research shows that, probably due to increased water and air intake, especially, trace elements rubidium, antimony and tin reveal major differences in serum concentration of athletes in relation to sedentary subjects. On the other hand, physical training does not change the serum concentration of Boron, Lithium and strontium.

Trauma de colon / Trauma of colon

El manejo y la morbi-mortalidad asociadas a la lesión traumática del colon, han evolucionado en las dos últimas centurias, debido a la experiencia en su tratamiento derivada de los conflictos militares. En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión de los casos de lesión traumática de colon que se valoraron y trataron en el Hosp. Eugenio Espejo (HEE). Se encontraron 30 pacientes con trauma de colon todos por lesión penetrante, 27 hombres (90 por ciento), y 3 mujeres (10 por ciento). El tiempo de estancia en el Servicio de Emergencia del HEE fue de 7 horas 39 minutos. La morbilidad de esta serie fue del 40 por ciento y la mortalidad de 3,33 por ciento debido a lesiones asociadas de tipo vascular. La resolución quirúrgica se la realizó en un tiempo promedio de 16 horas...