Complicaciones y cuidados de las urostomías / No disponible

Un estoma en general representa la pérdida de continuidad de la piel y por tanto de la barrera de protección que esta ofrece. Es por ello que existe un riesgo elevado de que se produzcan alteraciones tanto en el propio estoma como en la piel periestomal, un riesgo que se ve aumentado cuando se trata de ostomía que excretan secreciones líquidas (orina). Por tanto es de suma importancia hacer una correcta valoración y seguimiento tanto del estoma como de la piel que lo circunda para detectar cualquier anomalía y (minimizar el problema) poner solución

A stoma represents a loss of continuity of the skin, and so the skin barrier it offers. Therefore there is a high risk of alterations in the stoma and peristomal skin, this risk can increase when stomata excrete liquid secretions (urine). thus, it is of utmost importance to make an accurate assessment and follow-up care in order to detect and kind of abnormality and solve it

Profesiones de riesgo y cáncer vesical / No disponible

A nivel mundial, el 19 por mil de todos los cánceres es atribuible al medio ambiente. Está demostrada la influencia de los factores medioambientales en el desarrollo del cáncer vesical. En los países occidentales, en el varón es el 4º cáncer más frecuente y el 8º en mujeres. En este estudio trataremos de demostrar de qué modo influyen algunas profesiones de las denominadas de riesgo en el desarrollo del cáncer vesical (CV). Para ello realizamos un estudio epidemiológico observacional y retrospectivo, caso-control: 500 casos (diagnóstico de CV previo) y 500 controles, habitantes de la provincia de Cádiz, los controles emparejados en edad y sexo a los casos. Del estudio original, mucho más amplio, extraemos los resultados obtenidos para un determinado factor: "Profesiones de riesgo". Se compara la exposición relativa de cada grupo a dicha variable o factor tanto de forma global como para cada profesión de riesgo individualizada. Analizamos estadísticamente su influencia en función de la profesión de cada sujeto y su situación laboral, activo o jubilado, en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad. A la vista de los resultados concluimos que de forma global el tener una profesión de riesgo, sin ser un factor de riesgo estadísticamente significativo, se aproxima mucho a serlo. Individualmente, la profesión "construcción" sí muestra datos estadísticamente significativos sobre su incidencia en el CV

Globally, 19 per-mille of all cancers are attributable to the environment. The influence of environmental factors on the development of bladder cancer has been demonstrated. In the western countries, in the male is the 4th most frequent cancer and the 8th in women. In this study we will try to demonstrate how some occupations of the so-called risk factors influence the development of bladder cancer (CV). To do this, we performed an observational and retrospective epidemiological study, case-control: 500 cases (diagnosis of previous CV) and 500 controls, inhabitants of the province of Cádiz, controls matched in age and sex to the cases. From the original study, much more extensive we extract the results obtained for a certain factor: Risk occupations. The relative exposure of each group to that variable or factor is compared. We statistically analyze their influence depending on the occupation of each subject and their employment status, active or retired, in the development of this disease. In view of the results we conclude that in general, having a risk occupation, without being a statistically significant risk factor, it's close to being. Individually the occupation "construction" shows statistically significant data on its incidence in the CV

Performance of urinary kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase to predict chronic kidney disease progression and adverse outcomes.

Urinary biomarkers can predict the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were correlated with the stages of CKD, and the association of these biomarkers with CKD progression and adverse outcomes was determined. A total of 250 patients, including 111 on hemodialysis, were studied. Urinary KIM-1, NGAL, and NAG were measured at baseline. Patients not on dialysis at baseline who progressed to a worse CKD stage were compared with those who did not progress. The association of each biomarker and selected covariates with progression to more advanced stages of CKD, end-stage kidney disease, or death was evaluated by Poisson regression. NGAL was moderately correlated (rs=0.467, P<0.001) with the five stages of CKD; KIM-1 and NAG were also correlated, but weakly. Sixty-four patients (46%) progressed to a more advanced stage of CKD. Compared to non-progressors, those patients exhibited a trend to higher levels of KIM-1 (P=0.064) and NGAL (P=0.065). In patients not on dialysis at baseline, NGAL was independently associated with progression of CKD, ESKD, or death (RR=1.022 for 300 ng/mL intervals; CI=1.007-1.037, P=0.004). In patients on dialysis, for each 300-ng/mL increase in urinary NGAL, there was a 1.3% increase in the risk of death (P=0.039). In conclusion, urinary NGAL was associated with adverse renal outcomes and increased risk of death in this cohort. If baseline urinary KIM-1 and NGAL predict progression to worse stages of CKD is something yet to be explored.

Etnobotânica de espécies vegetais medicinais no tratamento de transtornos do sistema gastrointestinal / Ethnobotany of medicinal species in the treatment of gastrointestinal system disorders

RESUMO O estudo objetivou selecionar na comunidade Rio Urubueua de Fátima, Abaetetuba-Pará, as espécies vegetais utilizadas no tratamento de transtornos do sistema gastrointestinal, em determinado contexto de uso, associado a um conhecimento construído localmente. A pesquisa foi realizada com 35 informantes entre 28 e 93 anos, selecionados pelo método bola de neve. Os dados foram obtidos por observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para a importância relativa das espécies vegetais, calculou-se a porcentagem de concordância quanto aos usos principais (CUP) e concordância quanto aos usos principais corrigida (CUPc). Os interlocutores indicaram várias receitas terapêuticas, e, destas, foram escolhidas as mais empregadas no tratamento da diarreia, por ser doença recorrente na comunidade. Foi investigado o potencial químico das plantas por meio de literatura científica e bancos de dados. “Boldo” e “Anoerá” apresentaram valor máximo de CUP (100%), enquanto a “Hortelã” obteve maior CUPc (87,5%). Das 79 espécies vegetais empregadas como medicinais, nove estão na lista do SUS. Os remédios são preparados exclusivamente sob a forma de chá, sendo a folha a parte da planta mais utilizada (65%). Para o tratamento de diarreia, 12 espécies utilizadas pelos interlocutores têm compostos químicos comprovados por literatura especializada. A comunidade de Rio Urubueua de Fátima faz uso das plantas medicinais para curar doenças, apropriando-se de conhecimentos obtidos, na maioria dos relatos, de seus antepassados. Estes saberes tradicionais contribuem no conhecimento cultural da região e na pesquisa e desenvolvimento de novos fármacos.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to select the plants used to treat disorders of the gastrointestinal system, in the Rio Urubueua community of Fatima, Abaetetuba, and Pará for their particular context of use, combined with local knowledge. The survey was conducted with 35 informants between the ages of 28 and 93, selected using the snowball method.Data was obtained by participant observation, semi-structured interviews and by non-specific induction. To show the relative importance of plant species, we calculated the percentage of agreement on the main uses (CUP) and agreement with regards to the corrected main uses (cUPC).The interlocutors indicated various therapeutic recipes, and from these, those most used in the treatment of diarrhea were chosen, due to having recurrent cases of this disease in the community. The chemical potential of plants was investigated using scientific documents and databases. “Boldo” and “Anoerá” showed a maximum CUP value (100%), while the “Hortelã” obtained a higher cUPC (87.5%). Of the 79 plant species used in traditional medicine in this community, nine are used by the national healthcare service(SUS). The drugs are prepared only in the form of tea, with the leaves being the most widely used plant parts (65%).For the treatment of diarrhea, the 12 species used by the interlocutors have chemical compositions that are supported by specialized literature. The Rio Urubueua community of Fatima makes use of medicinal plants to cure diseases, from knowledge obtained, in most cases, from their ancestors. This traditional knowledge contributes to the cultural knowledge of the region and to the research and development of new drugs.

Absorción sistémica de vancomicina oral en pacientes con colitis. A propósito de 2 casos / Systemic absorption of oral vancomycin in colitis patients. A propos of 2 cases

No disponible

Factores que influyen en el desarrollo del cáncer vesical en nuestro entorno. Estudio de casos y controles / No disponible

El cáncer vesical tiene una alta incidencia y prevalencia y se ha relacionado con numerosos factores de riesgo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los factores que influyen, y en qué intensidad, en la incidencia del cáncer vesical en nuestra área sanitaria. Realizamos un estudio observacional de caso-control en 100 pacientes con tumores de vejiga emparejados con 100 controles para analizar el papel de posibles factores de riesgo en la etiología del cáncer de vejiga en nuestra área asistencial. Los factores de riesgo incluidos en el estudio fueron: antecedentes familiares de neoplasia vesical, tabaco, ocupación, ingesta de agua, ingesta de alcohol, ingesta de café, consumo de grasas, consumo de analgésicos, antecedentes patología urológica. La influencia de las variables fueron analizadas mediante cálculo de OR (..) (AU)

Bladder cancer is a disease with high incidence and prevalence and is associated with multiple risk factors. The objective of the present study was to determine the risk factors and their influence in the incidence of bladder cancer in our area. We performed a case control observational study to analyse the role of the risk factors in the aetiology of bladder cancer in our patients. The risk factors were: family history of bladder cancer, tobacco, occupation, daily water ingestion, alcohol, pattern of coffee drinking, analgesic use, previous history of urologic disorder. The analysis and comparison of variables were done with Odds ratio, chi-square and logistic regression. Tobacco was the main known etiological factor detected in 85% of cases versus 36% of controls (OR of non smokers 0,099: CI 95% 0,050-0,197;p<0,00). The house building was showed to have the tendency as a risk factor that did not reach statistical significance (16% cases vs 7% controls; OR 2,5; CI 95% 0,993-6,452; p=0,157). The rest of variables were not significant in aetiology of bladder cancer. Logistic regression highlighted tobacco habit as unique variable influencing in the etiology of bladder cancer (exp (B) OR 9,335; CI 95% 4,599- 18,950; sig 0,000).Our study showed the clear influence of tobacco in the aetiology of bladder cancer in our patients. The observed tendency in the house building workers should be evaluated in future studies. Other variables were not significant (AU)

Nutrición del prematuro tras el alta hospitalaria / Nutrition of the premature after hospital discharge

No disponible