Assessment of physical literacy in 8- to 12-year-old Pakistani school children: reliability and cross-validation of the Canadian assessment of physical literacy-2 (CAPL-2) in South Punjab, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of physical inactivity, declining fitness, and rising childhood obesity highlight the importance of physical literacy (PL), as a foundational component for fostering lifelong health and active lifestyle. This recognition necessitates the development of effective tools for PL assessment that are applicable across diverse cultural landscapes. AIM: This study aimed to translate the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) into Urdu and adapt it for the Pakistani cultural context, to assess PL among children aged 8-12 years in Pakistan. METHOD: The Urdu version of CAPL-2 was administered among 1,360 children aged 8-12 from 87 higher secondary schools across three divisions in South Punjab province, Pakistan. Statistical analysis includes test-retest reliability and construct validity, employing confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the tool's performance both overall and within specific subdomains. RESULTS: The Urdu version of CAPL-2 demonstrated strong content validity, with a Content Validity Ratio of 0.89. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factor structure proposed by the original developers, evidenced by excellent model fit indices (GFI = 0.984, CFI = 0.979, TLI = 0.969, RMSEA = 0.041). High internal consistency was observed across all domains (α = 0.988 to 0.995), with significant correlations among most, excluding the Knowledge and Understanding domains. Notably, gender and age significantly influenced performance, with boys generally scoring higher than girls, with few exceptions. CONCLUSION: This study marks a significant step in the cross-cultural adaptation of PL assessment tools, successfully validating the CAPL-2 Urdu version for the Pakistani context for the first time. The findings affirm the tool's suitability for assessing PL among Pakistani children, evidencing its validity and reliability across the Pakistani population.

Machine learning-based radiomics for predicting outcomes in cervical cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

PURPOSES: To investigate the value of machine learning-based radiomics for predicting disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multicentre study, 700 patients with IB2-IVA cervical cancer who underwent CCRT with ongoing follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. Three-dimensional radiomics features of primary lesions and its surrounding 5 mm region in T2WI sequences were collected. Six machine learning methods were used to construct the optimal radiomics model for accurate prediction of DFS and OS after CCRT in LACC patients. Eventually, TCGA and GEO databases were used to explore the mechanisms of radiomics in predicting the progression and survival of cervical cancer. This study adhered CLEAR for reporting and its quality was assessed using RQS and METRICS. RESULTS: In the prediction of DFS, the RSF model combined tumor and peritumor radiomics demonstrated the best predictive efficacy, with the AUC for predicting 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year DFS in the training, validation, and test sets of 0.986, 0.989, 0.990, and 0.884, 0.838, 0.823, and 0.829, 0.809, 0.841, respectively. In the prediction of OS, the GBM model best performer, with AUC of 0.999, 0.995, 0.978, and 0.981, 0.975, 0.837, and 0.904, 0.860, 0.905. Differential genes in TCGA and GEO suggest that the prediction of radiomics model may be associated with KDELR2 and HK2. CONCLUSION: Machine learning-based radiomics models help to predict DFS and OS after CCRT in LACC patients, and the combination of tumor and peritumor information has higher predictive efficacy, which can provide a reliable basis for therapeutic decision-making in cervical cancer patients.

Machine Learning-Based Models for Assessing Postoperative Risk Factors in Patients with Cervical Cancer.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the value of machine learning-based radiomics, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging and its combined model in predicting the postoperative risk factors of parametrial infiltration (PI), lymph node metastasis (LNM), deep muscle invasion (DMI), lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), pathological type (PT), differentiation degree (DD), and Ki-67 expression level in patients with cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of 180 patients with cervical cancer were retrospectively analyzed and randomized 2:1 into a training and validation group. The IVIM-DWI and radiomics parameters of primary lesions were measured in all patients. Seven machine learning methods were used to calculate the optimal radiomics score (Rad-score), which was combined with IVIM-DWI and clinical parameters to construct nomograms for predicting the risk factors of cervical cancer, with internal and external validation. RESULTS: The diagnostic efficacy of the nomograms based on clinical and imaging parameters was significantly better than MRI assessment alone. The area under the curve (AUC) of nomograms and MRI for the assessment of PI, LNM, and DMI were 0.981 vs 0.868, 0.848 vs 0.639, and 0.896 vs 0.780, respectively. Nomograms also performed well in the assessment of LVSI, PT, DD, and Ki-67 expression levels, with AUC of 0.796, 0.854, 0.806, 0.839 and 0.840, 0.856, 0.810, 0.832 in the training and validation groups. CONCLUSION: Machine learning-based nomograms can serve as a useful tool for assessing postoperative risk factors in patients with cervical cancer.

Mannitol inhibits the proliferation of neural stem cell by a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathway / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Mannitol is one of the first-line drugs for reducing cerebral edema through increasing the extracellular osmotic pressure. However, long-term administration of mannitol in the treatment of cerebral edema triggers damage to neurons and astrocytes. Given that neural stem cell (NSC) is a subpopulation of main regenerative cells in the central nervous system after injury, the effect of mannitol on NSC is still elusive. The present study aims to elucidate the role of mannitol in NSC proliferation.@*METHODS@#C57 mice were derived from the animal house of Zunyi Medical University. A total of 15 pregnant mice were employed for the purpose of isolating NSCs in this investigation. Initially, mouse primary NSCs were isolated from the embryonic cortex of mice and subsequently identified through immunofluorescence staining. In order to investigate the impact of mannitol on NSC proliferation, both cell counting kit-8 assays and neurospheres formation assays were conducted. The in vitro effects of mannitol were examined at various doses and time points. In order to elucidate the role of Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in the suppressive effect of mannitol on NSC proliferation, various assays including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry were conducted on control and mannitol-treated groups. Additionally, the phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) was examined to explore the potential mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of mannitol on NSC proliferation. Finally, to further confirm the involvement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent (MAPK) signaling pathway in the observed inhibition of NSC proliferation by mannitol, SB203580 was employed. All data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). The statistical analysis among multiple comparisons was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Turkey's post hoc test in case of the data following a normal distribution using a Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Comparisons between 2 groups were determined using Student's t-test, if the data exhibited a normal distribution using a Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Meanwhile, data were shown as median and interquartile range and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, if the data failed the normality test. A p < 0.05 was considered as significant difference.@*RESULTS@#Primary NSC were isolated from the mice, and the characteristics were identified using immunostaining analysis. Thereafter, the results indicated that mannitol held the capability of inhibiting NSC proliferation in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner using cell counting kit-8, neurospheres formation, and immunostaining of Nestin and Ki67 assays. During the process of mannitol suppressing NSC proliferation, the expression of AQP4 mRNA and protein was downregulated, while the gene expression of p-p38 was elevated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunostaining, and western blotting assays. Subsequently, the administration of SB203580, one of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors, partially abrogated this inhibitory effect resulting from mannitol, supporting the fact that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway participated in curbing NSC proliferation induced by mannitol.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Mannitol inhibits NSC proliferation through downregulating AQP4, while upregulating the expression of p-p38 MAPK.

High endothelial venules proportion in tertiary lymphoid structure is a prognostic marker and correlated with anti-tumor immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: High endothelial venules (HEV) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are associated with clinical outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, because HEV are components of TLS, there have been few studies of the role of the HEV proportion in TLS (HEV/TLS). This study investigated the role of the HEV/TLS and its relationship with the tumor immune microenvironment in CRC. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 203 cases of tissue pathologically diagnosed as CRC after general surgery was performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from January 2014 to July 2017. Paraffin sections were obtained from the paracancerous intestinal mucosal tissues. The area of HEV and TLS and immune cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. We further divided the positive HEV expression group into the high HEV/TLS group and the low HEV/TLS group by the average area of HEV/TLS. After grouping, the data were also analyzed using the chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analyses. A correlation analysis of the HEV/TLS and immune cells as well as angiogenesis was performed. RESULTS: Patients with a high HEV/TLS in CRC tissue were associated with longer OS, DFS and lower TNM stage. Meanwhile, CRC tissue with a high HEV/TLS showed a greater ability to recruit the CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages and correlated with less angiogenesis. Conclusively, high HEV/TLS links to the favorable prognosis of CRC patients and correlated with anti-tumor immune microenvironment, which can be a potential biomarker for prognosis of CRC patients. CONCLUSION: A high HEV/TLS is associated with a favorable prognosis for CRC and is correlated with the anti-tumor immune microenvironment. Therefore, it is a potential biomarker of the CRC prognosis.KEY MESSAGESHigh HEV/TLS is associated with a favorable prognosis for CRC.High HEV/TLS correlated with the anti-tumor immune microenvironment of CRC and can serve as a novel prognostic biomarker.

Development of biosensors highly responsive to N-acetylneuraminic acid in Bacillus subtilis / 生物工程学报

Bacillus subtilis is recognized as a generally-regarded-as-safe strain, and has been widely used in the biosynthesis of high value-added products, including N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) which is widely used as a nutraceutical and a pharmaceutical intermediate. Biosensors responding to target products are widely used in dynamic regulation and high-throughput screening in metabolic engineering to improve the efficiency of biosynthesis. However, B. subtilis lacks biosensors that can efficiently respond to NeuAc. This study first tested and optimized the transport capacity of NeuAc transporters, and obtained a series of strains with different transport capacities for testing NeuAc-responsive biosensors. Subsequently, the binding site sequence of Bbr_NanR responding to NeuAc was inserted into different sites of the constitutive promoter of B. subtilis, and active hybrid promoters were obtained. Next, by introducing and optimizing the expression of Bbr_NanR in B. subtilis with NeuAc transport capacity, we obtained an NeuAc-responsive biosensor with wide dynamic range and higher activation fold. Among them, P535-N2 can sensitively respond to changes in intracellular NeuAc concentration, with the largest dynamic range (180-20 245) AU/OD. P566-N2 shows a 122-fold of activation, which is 2 times of the reported NeuAc-responsive biosensor in B. subtilis. The NeuAc-responsive biosensor developed in this study can be used to screen enzyme mutants and B. subtilis strains with high NeuAc production efficiency, providing an efficient and sensitive analysis and regulation tool for biosynthesis of NeuAc in B. subtilis.

Functional analysis of functional membrane microdomains in the biosynthesis of menaquinone-7 / 生物工程学报

Functional membrane microdomains (FMMs) that are mainly composed of scaffold proteins and polyisoprenoids play important roles in diverse cellular physiological processes in bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between MK-7 and FMMs and then regulate the MK-7 biosynthesis through FMMs. Firstly, the relationship between FMMs and MK-7 on the cell membrane was determined by fluorescent labeling. Secondly, we demonstrated that MK-7 is a key polyisoprenoid component of FMMs by analyzing the changes in the content of MK-7 on cell membrane and the changes in the membrane order before and after destroying the integrity of FMMs. Subsequently, the subcellular localization of some key enzymes in MK-7 synthesis was explored by visual analysis, and the intracellular free pathway enzymes Fni, IspA, HepT and YuxO were localized to FMMs through FloA to achieve the compartmentalization of MK-7 synthesis pathway. Finally, a high MK-7 production strain BS3AT was successfully obtained. The production of MK-7 reached 300.3 mg/L in shake flask and 464.2 mg/L in 3 L fermenter.

Correlation between serum nesfatin-1, apelin and HO-1 levels and the severity of diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To analyze the correlation between serum nesfatin-1, apelin and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)levels and the severity of diabetic retinopathy(DR).METHODS:Totally 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)who were admitted to the hospital from September 2020 to September 2022 were selected. They were divided into non-DR(NDR)group(35 cases), nonproliferative DR(NPDR)group(33 cases)and proliferative DR(PDR)group(32 cases)according to the condition of fundus lesions. Another 30 healthy individuals who received health check-ups in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. Serum nesfatin-1, apelin and HO-1 levels in each group were detected, and panretinal ischemia index(ISI)was evaluated.RESULTS:Serum nesfatin-1 and HO-1 levels in the T2DM patients were lower, and apelin level was higher as compared with the control group. The levels of nesfatin-1 and HO-1 in the PDR group were the lowest, while the apelin level was the highest. Panretinal ISI in the PDR group was higher than that in the NPDR group(4.56±0.57 vs. 2.05±0.29, P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). Correlation analysis found that serum nesfatin-1 and HO-1 levels were negatively correlated with panretinal ISI in patients with DR, while apelin level was positively correlated with panretinal ISI. The receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve analysis found that the areas under the curves of serum nesfatin-1, apelin and HO-1 for predicting PDR were 0.842, 0.833 and 0.807 respectively.CONCLUSION:Serum nesfatin-1, apelin and HO-1 levels are closely related to the severity of DR. Dynamic monitoring of serum nesfatin-1, apelin and HO-1 levels is important for the early detection of PDR.

Paeonol ameliorates hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress injury on murine with alcoholic liver injury by regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the mechanism of action of paeonol based on JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway to ameliorate liver inflammation and oxidative stress injury induced by acute alcohol stimulation in mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, silibinin group (36. 8 mg • kg

Xiaotan Sanjie recipe, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, inhibits gastric cancer metastasis by regulating GnT-V-mediated E-cadherin glycosylation / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Xiaotan Sanjie recipe (XTSJ), a Chinese herbal compound medicine, exerts a significant inhibitory effect on gastric cancer (GC) metastasis. This work investigated the mechanism underlying the XTSJ-mediated inhibition of GC metastasis.@*METHODS@#The effect of XTSJ on GC metastasis and the associated mechanism were investigated in vitro, using GC cell lines, and in vivo, using a GC mouse model, by focusing on the expression of Glc-N-Ac-transferase V (GnT-V; encoded by MGAT5).@*RESULTS@#The migration and invasion ability of GC cells decreased significantly after XTSJ administration, which confirmed the efficacy of XTSJ in treating GC in vitro. XTSJ increased the accumulation of E-cadherin at junctions between GC cells, which was reversed by MGAT5 overexpression. XTSJ administration and MGAT5 knockdown alleviated the structural abnormality of the cell-cell junctions, while MGAT5 overexpression had the opposite effect. MGAT5 knockdown and XTSJ treatment also significantly increased the accumulation of proteins associated with the E-cadherin-mediated adherens junction complex. Furthermore, the expression of MGAT5 was significantly lower in the lungs of BGC-823-MGAT5 + XTSJ mice than in those of BGC-823-MGAT5 + solvent mice, indicating that the ability of gastric tumors to metastasize to the lung was decreased in vivo following XTSJ treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#XTSJ prevented GC metastasis by inhibiting the GnT-V-mediated E-cadherin glycosylation and promoting the E-cadherin accumulation at cell-cell junctions. Please cite this article as: Huang N, He HW, He YY, Gu W, Xu MJ, Liu L. Xiaotan Sanjie recipe, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, inhibits gastric cancer metastasis by regulating GnT-V-mediated E-cadherin glycosylation. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(6): 561-574.

Distribution and Drug Resistance of Pathogens in Oral Mucositis Associated with Chemotherapy in Patients with Malignant Hematopathy / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in oral mucositis associated with chemotherapy in hospitalized patients with malignant hematopathy, so as to provide scientific evidences for rational selection of antibiotics and infection prevention and control.@*METHODS@#From July 2020 to June 2022, 167 patients with malignant hematopathy were treated with chemical drugs in the Department of Hematology, Hainan Hospital, and secretions from oral mucosal infected wounds were collected. VITEK2 COMPECT automatic microbial identification system (BioMerieux, France) and bacterial susceptibility card (BioMerieux) were used for bacterial identification and drug susceptibility tests.@*RESULTS@#A total of 352 strains of pathogens were isolated from 167 patients, among which 220 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 118 strains of Gram-negative bacteria and 14 strains of fungi, accounted for 62.50%, 33.52% and 3.98%, respectively. The Gram-positive bacteria was mainly Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, while Gram-negative bacteria was mainly Klebsiella and Proteus. The resistance of main Gram-positive bacteria to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was low, and the resistance to penicillin, cefuroxime, ampicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin and levofloxacin was high. The main Gram-negative bacteria had low resistance to gentamicin, imipenem and penicillin, but high resistance to levofloxacin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ampicillin and vancomycin. The clinical data of oral mucositis patients with oral ulcer (severe) and without oral ulcer (mild) were compared, and it was found that there were statistically significant differences in poor oral hygiene, diabetes, sleep duration less than 8 hours per night between two groups (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Gram-positive bacteria is the main pathogen of oral mucositis in patients with malignant hematopathy after chemotherapy. It is sensitive to glycopeptide antibiotics and aminoglycosides antibiotics. Poor oral hygiene, diabetes and sleep duration less than 8 hours per night are risk factors for oral mucositis with oral ulcer (severe).

Classification system of radical surgery for rectal cancer based on membrane anatomy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Because the classification system of radical surgery for rectal cancer has not been established, it is impossible to select the appropriate surgical method according to the clinical stage of the tumor. In this paper, we explained the theory of " four fasciae and three spaces " of pelvic membrane anatomy and then combined this theory with the membrane anatomical basis of Querleu-Morrow classification for radical cervical cancer resection. Based on this theory and the membrane anatomy of Querleu-Morrow classification of radical cervical cancer resection, we proposed a new classification system of radical rectal cancer surgery based on membrane anatomy according to the lateral lymph node dissection range of the rectum. This system classifies the surgery into four types (ABCD) and defines corresponding subtypes based on whether the autonomic nerve was preserved. Among them, type A surgery is total mesorectal excision (TME) with urogenital fascia preservation, type B surgery is classical TME, type C surgery is extended TME, and type D surgery is lateral extended resection. This classification system unifies the anatomical terminology of the pelvic membrane, validates the feasibility of using the " four fasciae and three fascial spaces " theory to classify rectal cancer surgery, and lays the theoretical foundation for the future development of a unified and standardized classification of radical pelvic tumor surgery.

Radiomics-based prediction of microsatellite instability in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer patients based on T2WI MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To examine the radiomics model based on high-resolution T2WI and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in predicting microsatellite stability in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer. Methods: From February 2016 to October 2020, 175 patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer who met the inclusion criteria were retrospectively collected. There were 119 males and 56 females, aged (63.9±9.4) years (range: 37 to 85 years), including 152 patients with microsatellite stability and 23 patients with microsatellite instability. All patients were randomly divided into the training group (n=123) and the validation group (n=52) with a ratio of 7∶3. The region of interest was labeled on the T2WI and DWI images of each patient using the ITK-SNAP software, and PyRadiomics was used to extract seven kinds of radiomics features. After removing redundant features and normalizing features, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operation were used for feature selection. One clinical model, three radiomics models and one clinical-radiomics model were constructed in the training group based on a support vector machine. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were used to evaluate the performance of the models in the verification group. Results: Three clinical features (age, degree of tumor differentiation, and distance from the lower edge of the tumor to the anal edge) and six radiomics features (two DWI-related features and four T2WI-related features) most related to microsatellite status of rectal cancer patients were selected. The AUC of the clinical-radiomics model in the training group was 0.95. In the validation group, the AUC was 0.81, better than the clinical model (0.68, Z=0.71, P=0.04), and equivalent to the T2WI+DWI model (0.82, Z=0.21, P=0.83). Conclusions: Radiomic features based on preoperative T2WI and DWI were related to microsatellite stability in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer and showed a high classification efficiency. The model based on the features provided a noninvasive and convenient tool for preoperative determination of microsatellite stability in rectal cancer patients.

Will male semen quality improve with environmental quality? / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Wenzhou has improved its environmental quality because of comprehensive environmental remediation; nevertheless, the semen quality of infertile males remains unclear. This study determined whether better environmental quality improved semen quality in this region. We recorded semen quality data from 22 962 infertile males from January 2014 to November 2019 at the Center for Reproductive Health of The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou, China). Patients were predominantly 30-35 years old (33.1%) and workers (82.0%), with high school education or lower (77.6%); more than a half of the patients (52.6%) were Wenzhou household registration; and most patients (77.5%) had abnormal semen quality. Patients who were older than 40 years and workers, and those with Wenzhou household registration, had significantly worse semen quality (all P < 0.05). From 2014 to 2019, progressive sperm motility, total sperm motility, and semen volume showed increasing linear trends in all patients (P = 0.021, 0.030, and 0.005, respectively), yet normal sperm morphology showed a linearly decreasing trend (P = 0.046). Sensitivity analyses for subgroups yielded similar results. In conclusion, the improvement of environmental quality and better function of the accessory glands are associated with progressive sperm motility, total sperm motility, and semen volume. Normal sperm morphology is influenced by occupational exposures and personal lifestyle and does not improve with environmental quality.

Effects of orienteering exercises on myopia prevention and control of primary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the eye gaze pattern during the orienteering exercise and effects of orienteering exercises on myopia prevention and control in primary school students, so as to provide reference for the effective prevention and control of myopia.@*Methods@#Visual acuity screening was conducted on fifth grade students aged 10-11 years old in Shaanxi Normal University Primary School, and 120 primary school students with abnormal visual acuity were selected and randomly divided into experimental group ( n =60) and control group ( n =60). The experimental group practiced orienteering cross country program on the basis of the control group, and compared the differences in myopia improvement between the two groups through the characteristics of eye changes tested by ETG spectacle type oculomotor.@*Results@#The differences between the experimental group and the control group in naked eye visual acuity, refraction and visual fatigue before the intervention were not statistically significant ( t=0.13, 1.94, 0.70, P > 0.05); after ten weeks of intervention, the naked eye visual acuity, refraction and visual fatigue of the experimental group were better than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=11.28, 15.03, -247.01, P <0.05). During the process of map recognition and scene recognition, the differences in fixation time, number, frequency and saccade distance of the experimental group were statistically significant ( t=-13.62, -7.83, 4.82, 7.15, P <0.05); the students in the experimental group showed alternate eye gaze characteristics in the process of map recognition and scene recognition.@*Conclusion@#During orienteering exercises, map recognition and real scene recognition mobilized eye following, sweeping, gaze, focus and alternate visual tracking, which have an improved effect on myopia prevention and control in primary school students.

Hereditary protein C deficiency with portal vein thrombosis in a Chinese male: A case report.

Hereditary protein C deficiency (PCD) is caused by mutation in the PC gene (PROC). The homozygous mutation form of PCD is rare. Furthermore, in Asia, cases of noncirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) secondary to PCD have been rarely reported. The present study reported the case of a patient with PVT due to hereditary PCD. Of note, the mutation of PROCc.152G>A was observed in the patient of the present study. According to the current literature, there has been no previous report regarding the mutation of this gene in China. The patient suffered abdominal pain for 20 days, which was accompanied by vomiting for 2 days. Multiple ulcers and diverticula in the sigmoid colon, as well as erosive small ulcers throughout the colon, were discovered during a colonoscopy. Abdominal angiography indicated thrombosis of the portal vein and its branches. Furthermore, laboratory parameters indicated a hypercoagulable state with normal PC antigen values but decreased PC activity. The discovery of blood coagulation-related genes suggested that homozygous mutation in PC resulted in an amino acid missense mutation. Anticoagulants were prescribed after a diagnosis of type II hereditary PCD with PVT was made. After 15 days, the blood coagulation function of the patient was restored to normal and the symptoms were substantially alleviated. Hence, the present study expanded the mutation spectrum of PROC in China and reaffirmed the value of anticoagulant therapy in PCD.

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction in systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by Castleman disease: a case report.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic disease, which can bring damage to multiple organ systems. It is easily misdiagnosed as mechanical intestinal obstruction and treated by surgery, which not only brings physical pain to patients, but also increases their economic burden. On the other hand, Castleman disease (CD) is also a rare disease that can be easily missed clinically. Consequently, IPO in SLE complicated by CD is extremely rare in clinical practice and easily ignored for clinicians, which may result in delayed diagnosis, and treatment, and even overtreatment. Case Description: An 18-year-old Chinese woman presented with over a month's history of abdominal pain and fever, accompanied by abdominal distension and nausea. The patient was admitted to a local hospital before admission, and imaging test showed intestinal obstruction. After symptomatic treatment, abdominal pain was relieved, but symptoms reappeared about 20 days later. In addition, a red rash on face, light-sensitiveness and alopecia appeared 7 months prior to presentation. Physical examination showed a temperature of 38.9 ℃, facial butterfly erythema, enlarged axillary lymph nodes, lower abdominal tenderness, and diminished bowel sounds. Laboratory examinations showed proteinuria, decreased white blood cell, low C3 and low C4, positive antinuclear antibody (ANA), and positive anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA). Abdominal noncontrast computed tomography (CT) showed partial small bowel obstruction. Chest contrast-enhanced CT showed multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the bilateral axillary and mediastinal areas. The results of the axillary lymph node biopsy were consistent with the typical histologic features of clear vascular CD. After glucocorticoid and immunosuppression therapy, the patient's immune indexes and proteinuria gradually returned to normal and abdominal pain did not recur during the follow up. Conclusions: In order to avoid misdiagnosis of IPO in SLE and missed diagnosis of SLE complicated by CD, this case emphasizes the importance of medical history combined with appropriate laboratory examination, imaging examination and lymph node biopsy in SLE patients with lymphadenopathy for accurate diagnosis and reasonable treatment. At the same time, this case report aims to improve the diagnostic thinking of clinicians for similar patients.

Activation and thermal stabilization of a recombinant γ-glutamyltranspeptidase from Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 27811 by monovalent cations.

The regulation of enzyme activity through complexation with certain metal ions plays an important role in many biological processes. In addition to divalent metals, monovalent cations (MVCs) frequently function as promoters for efficient biocatalysis. Here, we examined the effect of MVCs on the enzymatic catalysis of a recombinant γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (BlrGGT) from Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 27,811 and the application of a metal-activated enzyme to L-theanine synthesis. The transpeptidase activity of BlrGGT was enhanced by Cs+ and Na+ over a broad range of concentrations with a maximum of 200 mM. The activation was essentially independent of the ionic radius, but K+ contributed the least to enhancing the catalytic efficiency. The secondary structure of BlrGGT remained mostly unchanged in the presence of different concentrations of MVCs, but there was a significant change in its tertiary structure under the same conditions. Compared with the control, the half-life (t1/2) of the Cs+-enriched enzyme at 60 and 65 °C was shown to increase from 16.3 and 4.0 min to 74.5 and 14.3 min, respectively. The simultaneous addition of Cs+ and Mg2+ ions exerted a synergistic effect on the activation of BlrGGT. This was adequately reflected by an improvement in the conversion of substrates to L-theanine by 3.3-15.1% upon the addition of 200 mM MgCl2 into a reaction mixture comprising the freshly desalted enzyme (25 µg/mL), 250 mM L-glutamine, 600 mM ethylamine, 200 mM each of the MVCs, and 50 mM borate buffer (pH 10.5). Taken together, our results provide interesting insights into the complexation of MVCs with BlrGGT and can therefore be potentially useful to the biocatalytic production of naturally occurring γ-glutamyl compounds. KEY POINTS: • The transpeptidase activity of B. licheniformis Î³-glutamyltranspeptidase can be activated by monovalent cations. • The thermal stability of the enzyme was profoundly increased in the presence of 200 mM Cs+. • The simultaneous addition of Cs+and Mg2+ions to the reaction mixture improves L-theanine production.

Birth weight curves of singleton neonates with a gestational age of 24-42 weeks and their regional differences in 11 cities of China: an analysis of 93 720 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To develop the birth weight curve of singleton neonates with a gestational age of 24-42 weeks, and to investigate the regional differences of the birth weight curve.@*METHODS@#A total of 11 maternal and child health hospitals with more than 7 000 neonates delivered annually were selected in 11 cities of China (Haikou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Liuzhou, Guilin, Quanzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu, Changsha, Ningbo, and Lianyungang), and all live singleton neonates delivered in the 11 hospitals from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020 were enrolled for the development of birth weight curves.@*RESULTS@#A total of 93 720 singleton neonates with a gestational age of 24-42 weeks from the 11 cities were included in the study. The reference values of the 3rd-97th percentiles of birth weight of singleton neonates for the total of the 11 cities and for each of the 11 cities were established, and the birth weight percentile curves were drawn. The birth weight curve level of singleton neonates in Shenzhen and Quanzhou was almost the same as the average level of the 11 cities; the birth weight curve level of singleton neonates in Haikou, Guangzhou, Guilin, and Liuzhou was slightly lower than the average level of the 11 cities; the birth weight curve level of singleton neonates in Chongqing, Chengdu, and Changsha was slightly higher than the average level of the 11 cities; the birth weight curve level of singleton neonates in Ningbo and Lianyungang was higher than the average level of the 11 cities. The average birth weight curve level of singleton neonates in the 11 cities were very close to that of China Neonatal Cooperation Network in 2011-2014.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The reference values of the 3rd-97th percentiles of birth weight of singleton neonates for the total of the 11 cities and for each of the 11 cities are developed, which can be used as a reference for evaluating the intrauterine growth of singleton neonates in the region. The level of intrauterine growth of neonates in some cities is different from the national level.