RESUMEN
A novel structural class of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors consisting of substituted 4-(phenylamino)-pyrrolo[2,1- f][1,2,4]triazines has been discovered. An initial subdeck screen revealed that the oxindole-pyrrolo[2,1- f][1,2,4]triazine lead 2a displayed potent enzyme inhibition (IC 50 60 nM) and was active in a cell-based TNFalpha biosynthesis inhibition assay (IC 50 210 nM). Replacement of the C4 oxindole with 2-methyl-5- N-methoxybenzamide aniline 9 gave a compound with superior p38 kinase inhibition (IC 50 10 nM) and moderately improved functional inhibition in THP-1 cells. Further replacement of the C6 ester of the pyrrolo[2,1- f][1,2,4]triazine with amides afforded compounds with increased potency, excellent oral bioavailability, and robust efficacy in a murine model of acute inflammation (murine LPS-TNFalpha). In rodent disease models of chronic inflammation, multiple compounds demonstrated significant inhibition of disease progression leading to the advancement of 2 compounds 11b and 11j into further preclinical and toxicological studies.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/síntesis química , Proteína Quinasa 14 Activada por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Pirroles/síntesis química , Triazinas/síntesis química , Administración Oral , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacocinética , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Sitios de Unión , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Diseño de Fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa 14 Activada por Mitógenos/química , Modelos Moleculares , Pirroles/farmacocinética , Pirroles/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas Lew , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Triazinas/farmacocinética , Triazinas/farmacología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/biosíntesis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangreRESUMEN
A new structural class of triaminotriazine aniline amides possessing potent p38 enzyme activity has been discovered. The initial hit (compound 1a) was identified through screening the Pharmacopeia ECLiPS compound collection. SAR modification led to the identification of a short acting triaminotriazine aniline methoxyamide (compound 1m) possessing in vitro and in vivo oral activity in animal models of acute and chronic inflammatory disease. An X-ray crystal structure of compound 1m in this class, cocrystallized with unactivated p38 alpha protein, indicates that these compounds bind to the ATP binding pocket and possess key H-bonding interactions within a deeper cleft. Hydrogen bonding between one of the triazine nitrogens and the backbone NH of the Met109 residue occurs through a water molecule. The methoxyamide NH and carbonyl oxygen are within H-bonding distance of Glu71 and Asp168.