Calcium and Neural Stem Cell Proliferation.

Intracellular calcium plays a pivotal role in central nervous system (CNS) development by regulating various processes such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and maturation. However, understanding the involvement of calcium (Ca2+) in these processes during CNS development is challenging due to the dynamic nature of this cation and the evolving cell populations during development. While Ca2+ transient patterns have been observed in specific cell processes and molecules responsible for Ca2+ homeostasis have been identified in excitable and non-excitable cells, further research into Ca2+ dynamics and the underlying mechanisms in neural stem cells (NSCs) is required. This review focuses on molecules involved in Ca2+ entrance expressed in NSCs in vivo and in vitro, which are crucial for Ca2+ dynamics and signaling. It also discusses how these molecules might play a key role in balancing cell proliferation for self-renewal or promoting differentiation. These processes are finely regulated in a time-dependent manner throughout brain development, influenced by extrinsic and intrinsic factors that directly or indirectly modulate Ca2+ dynamics. Furthermore, this review addresses the potential implications of understanding Ca2+ dynamics in NSCs for treating neurological disorders. Despite significant progress in this field, unraveling the elements contributing to Ca2+ intracellular dynamics in cell proliferation remains a challenging puzzle that requires further investigation.

Antinociceptive effect of LMH-2, a new sigma-1 receptor antagonist analog of haloperidol, on the neuropathic pain of diabetic mice.

This study evaluates the antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of LMH-2, a new haloperidol (HAL) analog that acts as sigma-1 receptor (σ1 R) antagonist, in diabetic mice using a model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic hyperglycemia. Additionally, we compared its effects with those of HAL. Hyperglycemia was induced in mice by nicotinamide-streptozotocin administration (NA-STZ, 50-130 mg/kg). Four weeks later, mechanical allodynia was assessed using the up-down method, and hyperalgesia was evoked with formalin 0.5%. We evaluated antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of LMH-2 (5.6-56.2 mg/kg), HAL (0.018-0.18 mg/kg) and gabapentin (GBP, 5.6-56.2 mg/kg). The results showed that LMH-2 had a more significant antiallodynic effect compared to HAL and GBP (90.4±8.7 vs 75.1±3.1 and 41.9±2.3%, respectively; P<0.05), as well as an antihyperalgesic effect (96.3±1.2 vs 86.9±7.41 and 86.9±4.8%, respectively; P<0.05). Moreover, the antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effect of both LMH-2 and HAL were completely abolished by PRE-084 (σ1 R agonist); and partially by pramipexole (a D2-like receptor agonist). Finally, the effect of all treatments on the rotarod test, barra, open field and exploratory behaviors showed that LMH-2 did not alter the animals' balance or the exploratory behavior, unlike as HAL or GBP. The molecular docking included indicate that LMH-2 has lower affinity to the D2R than HAL. These results provide evidence that LMH-2 exerts its antinociceptive effects as a σ1 R antagonist without the adverse effects induced by HAL or GBP. Consequently, LMH-2 can be considered a good and safe strategy for treating neuropathic pain caused by hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes.

Obtaining Tissues of Human Amniotic Membrane and Identification of Pluripotent Markers.

The immunofluorescence technique has been used to identify pluripotent markers in the human amniotic epithelial cells (hAEC). hAEC belonging to human fetal membranes, specificamently to amnion layer, and are arising by epiblast, this sugest that the hAEC have characteristics of epiblast cells, in other words, characteristcs of pluripotent stem cells. Here we describe obtaining human amnion tissue and identifying pluripotent markers by immunofluorescence.

Microbiological hazard identification in river waters used for recreational activities.

Pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites can cause waterborne disease outbreaks. The study of coastal water quality contributes to identifying potential risks to human health and to improving water management practices. The Río de la Plata River, a wide estuary in South America, is used for recreational activities, as a water source for consumption and as a site for sewage discharges. In the present study, as the first step of a quantitative microbial risk assessment of the coastal water quality of this river, a descriptive study was performed to identify the microbial pathogens prevalent in its waters and in the sewage discharged into the river. Two sites, representing two different potential risk scenarios, were chosen: a heavily polluted beach and an apparently safe beach. Conductivity and fecal contamination indicators including enterococci, Escherichia coli, F + RNA bacteriophages, and human polyomaviruses showed high levels. Regarding enterococci, differences between sites were significant (p-values <0.001). 93.3% and 56.5% of the apparently safe beach exceeded the recreational water limits for E. coli and enterococci. Regarding pathogens, diarrheagenic E. coli, Salmonella, and noroviruses were detected with different frequencies between sites. The parasites Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis were frequently detected in both sites. The results regarding viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens, even without correlation with conventional indicators, showed the importance of monitoring a variety of microorganisms to determine water quality more reliably and accurately, and to facilitate further studies of health risk assessment. The taxonomic description of microbial pathogens in river waters allow identifying the microorganisms that infect the population living on its shores but also pathogens not previously reported by the clinical surveillance system.

Variables sociofamiliares asociadas a mayor riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad abdominal en niños escolares de un servicio de pediatría en Colima, México / Socio-family variables associated with a higher risk of overweight and abdominal obesity in school children from a pediatric service at Colima, Mexico

Con el fin de identificar la asociación entre factores familiares (estructura, funcionalidad y contexto socioeconómico) y la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad abdominal en escolares, se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en 120 niños escolares (5-11 años) y sus madres que acudieron a un servicio de atención pediátrica en la ciudad de Colima, México. El sobrepeso se definió con el indicador IMC con un puntaje Z > +1 desviación estándar y la obesidad abdominal como circunferencia de cintura > del percentil 75 por sexo y edad. Se evaluó tamaño y tipo de familia, tipo de hogar, relación de los padres y funcionalidad familiar. Las asociaciones se analizaron con regresión logística múltiple. Se encontró 33% de sobrepeso y 33,7% de obesidad abdominal. El menor tamaño de la familia, la mayor marginalidad de la colonia (barrio) de residencia, la percepción de problemas en la economía familiar, el mayor peso al nacer y la mayor edad se asociaron con el sobrepeso. Mientras que el menor tamaño de la familia, el mayor peso al nacer y la mayor edad se asociaron con obesidad abdominal. Para programas de prevención de sobrepeso y obesidad abdominal, sugerimos incluir un enfoque de sistemas familiares que considere el tamaño de la familia y variables del contexto socioeconómico, ya que condicionan su dinámica de interacción(AU)

To identify the association between family factors (structure, functionality, and socioeconomic context) and the presence of overweight and abdominal obesity in school children, an analytical cross-sectional study was performed in 120 schoolchildren (5-11 years old) and their mothers assisting to a pediatric care service at Colima City, Mexico. Overweight was defined with the BMI indicator with a Z-score > +1 standard deviation and abdominal obesity as a waist circumference > 75th percentile by sex and age. Family size and type, type of home, parents' relationship, and family functionality were evaluated. Associations were analyzed with multiple logistic regression. Overweight was present in 33%, and abdominal obesity in 33.7% of the children. A smaller family size, greater neighborhood marginality, a perception of problems in the family economy, a larger birth weight and older age were associated with overweight. A smaller family size, higher birth weight and older age were associated with abdominal obesity. We suggest a family systems approach, including family size and variables of socioeconomic context -which determine their interaction dynamics-, in programs for overweight and abdominal obesity prevention(AU)

Tele-revistas en unidades de terapia intensiva: Coordinación asistencial y aprendizaje en el marco de la pandemia / Tele-Rounding in intensive care units: healthcare coordination and learning within the context of the pandemic

INTRODUCCIÓN: En el marco de la pandemia por COVID-19 y frente a la necesidad de capacitar a los equipos de salud para minimizar el impacto sanitario, el Ministerio de Salud de la Nación implementó un proyecto basado en la utilización de tecnologías de la información y comunicación, que reunió en un entorno de coordinación asistencial a equipos de establecimientos de todo el país y de la Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el proceso y los resultados de la implementación de las Tele-Revistas realizadas entre el 2 de abril y el 21 de mayo de 2020. MÉTODOS: Se realizaron encuentros virtuales en tiempo real bajo el formato de Tele-Revistas en unidades de terapia intensiva, en los cuales se presentaron casos de COVID-19 mediante asistencia de expertos. La participación se ponderó a través de dos registros y la valoración de los participantes, mediante encuestas. Los temas recurrentes se compilaron a partir de informes semanales. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 81 Tele-Revistas con 897 participantes, y se presentaron y discutieron 67 casos de COVID-19. Se generaron espacios de formación y aprendizaje colaborativo, que facilitaron el acceso a asesoramiento experto e integraron a los profesionales. Los actores involucrados evaluaron el proceso positivamente. DISCUSIÓN: Este enfoque, basado en la actualización continua de especialistas, contribuye a una atención integral que mejora el abordaje de pacientes críticos, brinda apoyo y fomenta el desarrollo de los talentos humanos en salud.

Associations between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in adolescents / Asociación entre patrones de alimentación y síndrome metabólico en adolescentes

Abstract: Objective: Evaluate association of dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic markers. Materials and methods: 654 adolescents from Guadalajara, Jalisco, participated in a cross-sectional study. Diet was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire; 24 food groups were integrated, and dietary patterns were derived using cluster analysis. MetS was defined according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Cook and colleagues, Ford and colleagues, and de Ferranti and colleagues criteria. Results: Dietary patterns identified were: "DP1", "DP2", and "DP3". Among males, "DP3" was associated with MetS (Cook and collaborators) (OR, 12.14; 95%CI, 1.66-89.05), hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 3.89; 95%CI, 1.01-15.07), and insulin resistance (OR, 6.66; 95%CI, 1.12-39.70). "DP2" was associated with abdominal obesity (OR, 5.11; 95%CI, 1.57-16.66). Conclusions: "DP3" entertained a greater risk of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance, while "DP2" possessed a greater risk of abdominal obesity among adolescent males.

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación de patrones dietarios (PD) con síndrome metabólico (SM) y marcadores metabólicos. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal con 654 adolescentes. Dieta evaluada con el cuestionario "frecuencia de consumos de alimentos"; se identificaron 24 grupos de alimentos, para obtener PD mediante análisis de conglomerados. SM se definió según los criterios: Federación de Diabetes Internacional (IDF), Cook y colaboradores, Ford y colaboradores y Ferranti y colaboradores. Resultados: Se identificaron tres PD: "PD1", "PD2" y "PD3". En hombres, "PD3" se asoció con SM (Cook y colaboradores) (RM, 12.14; IC95%, 1.66-89.05), hipertrigliceridemia (RM, 3.89; IC95%, 1.01-15.07) y resistencia a insulina (RM, 6.66; IC95%, 1.12-39.70). El patrón "PD2" se asoció con obesidad abdominal (RM, 5.11; IC95%, 1.57-16.66). Conclusiones: El patrón "PD3" aumenta el riesgo de SM, hipertrigliceridemia y resistencia a insulina y el "PD2" el riesgo de obesidad abdominal en adolescentes hombres.

Report of 73 cases of cutaneous sporotrichosis in Mexico

Abstract: We report 73 cases of cutaneous sporotrichosis from the Community Dermatology program, at the central and mountain areas of the state of Guerrero, Mexico. A similar number of cases was found between children and adults, mostly peasants and school-age children with rural occupations. Upper limbs were the mostly affected and the predominant clinical form was lymphocutaneous (56.16%). All cultures corresponded to Sporothrix schenckii (sl). Treatment was done with potassium iodide in 54 patients, achieving clinical and mycological cure in all cases.

Bullying and health-related quality of life in children and adolescent Mexican students / "Bullying" e qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde de crianças e adolescentes escolares mexicanos

Abstract Previous studies have reported a relationship between being a victim of bullying, but no studies have been carried out with Mexican students; notwithstanding the high scores of bullying in Mexico in international rankings. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between being a victim of bullying and lower HRQoL among schoolchildren and adolescents in Mexico. This cross-sectional and correlational study involved 2225 students from 22 elementary, middle and high schools. HRQoL was assessed with the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire and bullying with the social adaptation dimension of KIDSCREEN-52. Bivariate associations were evaluated, and a multivariate logistic regression was utilized. The prevalence of victims of bullying was 17.3%. Being a victim of bullying was double the risk of having a lower HRQoL than not being a victim after adjusting for health perception, gender and age, OR 2.3 (1.7-3.1). As the Wilson and Cleary Model of Quality of Life explains, individual characteristics, such as, being a victim of bullying are associated with quality of life. Similar findings in the existing literature imply that bullying is a global phenomenon that impacts the victimized child or adolescent's life in different ways.

Resumo Pesquisas prévias informaram que ser vítima de "bullying" se associa à menor Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde (QVRS); mas nenhuma foi realizada em estudantes Mexicanos apesar dos altos índices de "bullying" mostrados para o México nos rankings internacionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre ser vítima de "bullying" e QVRS. Este estudo transversal e de correlação incluiu 2225 crianças e adolescentes de 22 escolas de nível básico, médio básico e médio superior. A QVRS foi avaliada com o questionário KIDSCREEN-10 e o "bullying" com a dimensão de aceitação social do KIDSCREEN-52. Analisaram-se as associações bivariadas, verificou-se confusão e interação, e utilizou-se regressão logística multivariável. A prevalência de vítimas de "bullying" foi de 17.3%. Ser vítima de "bullying" obteve um risco de mais do dobro de QVRS inferior que não ser vítima, depois de ajustar pela percepção de saúde, gênero e idade, OR 2.3 (1.7-3.1). No mesmo sentido que o referido pelo Modelo de Wilson e Cleary, em estudantes mexicanos com características individuais como ser vítima de "bullying", associam-se à QVRS, descoberta similar ao encontrado na literatura existente o que implica que o "bullying" é um fenômeno global que se reflete em diferentes aspectos da vida em crianças e adolescentes vitimizados.

Carcinoma oculto de vulva en neoplasia vulvar intraepitelial diferenciada / Occult carcinoma of the vulva in a differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 74 años con una lesión vulvar asociada a prurito vulvar, de 2 años de evolución. La paciente ha sido tratada con múltiples tratamiento tópicos y, por persistencia de la lesión y sintomatología, fue derivada a nuestra consulta. Se realiza una biopsia de la lesión y corresponde a una neoplasia vulvar intraepitelial diferenciada. El tratamiento inicial fue una escisión amplia, con el hallazgo anatomopatológico de carcinoma oculta escamoso de vulva. Posteriormente, se realiza una vulvectomía radical con biopsia selectiva de ganglio centinela, confirmando el diagnóstico de carcinoma epidermoide vulva estadio i B (AU)

We present the case of a 74-year-old woman with a 2-year history of a vulvar lesion associated with pruritus. The patient was treated with multiple topical treatments but, due to the persistence of the lesion and symptoms, she was referred to our clinic. The results of biopsy of the lesion corresponded to differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. The initial treatment was wide local excision, with the pathological finding of occult differentiated squamous carcinoma of the vulva. The lesion was treated surgically through radical vulvectomy with sentinel node biopsy, which confirmed the diagnosis of stage IB squamous vulvar carcinoma (AU)

La planificación del menú escolar; resultado de un sistema de asesoría dietética para la adecuación a las recomendaciones nutricionales / Planning of the school menu; results of a diet counseling system for the adequacy to the nutritional recommendations

Introducción: La oferta dietética no siempre coincide con las recomendaciones nutricionales para el menú escolar. Objetivo: Revisar la efectividad de un sistema de asesoría dietética para empresas de restauración colectiva que sirven en comedores de los centros públicos de Educación de Andalucía. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal. Se revisan y asesoran los cambios necesarios en los menús mensuales procedentes de empresas que sirven a 1.197 centros, a lo largo del curso escolar. En caso de no de reunir las condiciones necesarias, y antes de ser aplicados, se devuelven con unas recomendaciones de mejora. Resultados: De 209 menús procedentes de 21 empresas, el 78,2% no cumplía los criterios establecidos, y necesitó de adaptaciones previas a su aplicación. A lo largo del curso escolar disminuyeron progresivamente los que precisaron cambios, siendo el 42,9% al final. Las causas más frecuentes de modificaciones fueron: información insuficiente en la planilla del menú sobre los alimentos que componen cada plato (50,7%), no alternancia de verduras frescas y cocinadas (35,4%), información insuficiente sobre técnicas culinarias (26,3%), variedad semanal insuficiente en arroz, pasta y patatas (17,7%), desviación en el contenido de energía y nutrientes (16,7%), menos de 1 ración de verduras diaria (15,4%), no alternancia en tipo de pescado (14,4%). Finalmente fueron aprobados el 90,9% de los menús revisados. Conclusiones: El seguimiento de las recomendaciones nutricionales en el menú escolar es elevado con la aplicación de un sistema de asesoría dirigido a los dietistas de las empresas de restauración colectiva (AU)

INTRODUCTION: The dietary offer is not always concordant with the nutritional recommendations in the school menus. OBJECTIVE: To review the effectiveness of a diet counseling system for collective catering companies that operate in public education centers of Andalusia. METHODS: Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study. We reviewed and counseled the changes needed in the monthly school menus of the companies operating in 1197 centers throughout the scholar calendar. In case of not meeting the required conditions and before being implemented, the improvement recommendations were sent to the companies.RESULTS:78.2% of 209 menus from 21companies did not meet the established criteria and needed adaptations before being implemented. Throughout the scholar calendar, the number of menus needing changes progressively decreased, being 42.9% by the end. The most frequent cause for modification were: insufficient information on the written menu about the foods included in each dish (50,7%), lack of rotation between raw and cooked vegetables (35.4%), insufficient information on the cooking techniques (26.3%), insufficient weekly variety of rice, pasta and potatoes (17.7%), deviation in the energy and nutrients content (16.7%), less than one serving of vegetable per day (15.4%), lack of rotation in the type of fish (14.4%). Finally, 90.9% of the menus revised were approved. CONCLUSIONS: Following of the nutritional recommendations of the school menus is high with the implementation of a counseling system aimed at the dietitians of the companies of collective catering (AU)

Actividad física, conductas sedentarias y calidad de vida en adolescentes universitarios de Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México / Physical activity, sedentary behavior and quality of life in undergraduate adolescents of Ciudad Guzman, State of Jalisco, Mexico

Con el objeto de evaluar la asociación de la actividad física y conductas sedentarias con la calidad de vida en universitarios en Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México, se estudiaron 881 adolescentes de 17-19 años de edad. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios en línea: Youth Quality of Life Instrument Research versión y el Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Se obtuvo razón de momios [RM] mediante regresión logística simple y múltiple. El número de días de actividad física se relacionó con el índice total superior, dominios general superior, personal superior y ambiental superior. Jugar en > 2 equipos deportivos se relacionó con el índice total superior, dominio general superior, dominio personal superior y dominio ambiental superior. Tener 4-5 clases de educación física a la semana se relacionó con el dominio general superior. Pasar dos o menos horas al día frente a la pantalla se relacionó con el dominio relacional superior. En conclusión, en los universitarios adolescentes mexicanos se asoció a indicadores de mejor calidad de vida, el realizar actividad física 4 o más días a la semana, asistir a clases de educación física 4 o 5 semanales, participar en 2 o más equipos deportivos y pasar menos de 2 horas diarias horas frente a pantallas en actividades recreativas.

With the aim of evaluating the association between physical activity and sedentary behavior with quality of life (QoL) in undergraduate students of Ciudad Guzman, state of Jalisco, Mexico, a total of 881 adolescents aged between 17 and 19 were studied. Online questionnaires were used, namely the research version of the Youth Quality of Life Instrument and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Odd ratios (OR) were obtained using simple and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The number of days with physical activity was related to a higher total perceptual score, higher general QoL domain, higher self domain as well as higher environment domain. Playing in > 2 sports teams was related to a higher total perceptual score, higher general QoL domain, higher self domain as well as higher environment domain. Having 4-5 physical education classes/week was related with a higher general QoL domain. Limiting recreational screen time to < 2 hours/day was related with a higher relationship domain. In conclusion, in Mexican undergraduate adolescent students, higher QoL was associated with: physical activity at least 4 days/week; physical education classes 4 or more days/week; playing in 2 or more sports teams and limiting recreational screen time to 2 hours or less.

The effects of social networks on tobacco use among high-school adolescents in Mexico / Efectos de redes sociales sobre el uso de tabaco en adolescentes de preparatoria en México

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of centrality in social network positions on tobacco-use among high-school adolescents in Tonala, Jalisco, Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Longitudinal sociometric social network data were collected among 486 high-school adolescents in 2003 and 399 in 2004. The survey included: social network components, smoking and sociodemographic characteristics. Social network measures of centrality were calculated and multivariate logistic regression was used. RESULTS: Ever used tobacco (OR= 44.98), marginalized-low stratum (OR= 2.16) and in-degree (OR=1.10) predicted tobacco use. Out-degree (OR= 0 .89) and out-in-degree (OR= 0.90) protected against tobacco use. CONCLUSION: Nominating more friends rather than receiving such nominations was protective for tobacco use. Popular students, those receiving many nominations, were at higher risk for tobacco use. Involvement of leaders with capacity to influence might be an efficient strategy for dissemination of preventive messages.

OBJETIVO: Identificar el efecto de posiciones de centralidad de la red social sobre el uso de tabaco en adolescentes de preparatoria en Tonalá, Jalisco. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal de redes sociales sociométricas. Participaron 486 bachilleres (2003) y 399 (2004). La encuesta incluyó: componentes de redes sociales, tabaquismo y características sociodemográficas. Se calcularon medidas de centralidad de redes sociales y utilizó regresión logística multivariada. RESULTADOS: El consumo alguna vez de tabaco (RM= 44.98), estrato socioeconómico marginado-bajo (RM= 2.16) y vínculos recibidos (RM=1.10) predijeron el tabaquismo; mientras que los vínculos enviados (RM= 0.89) y la diferencia entre vínculos enviados y recibidos (RM= 0.90) protegieron contra el tabaquismo. CONCLUSIÓN: Nombrar más amigos que ser nombrado por otros protegió contra el tabaquismo. Los estudiantes populares, aquellos con muchos nombramientos, tuvieron mayor riesgo de ser consumidores. La inclusión de líderes con influencia podría ser una estrategia eficiente en la diseminación de mensajes preventivos.

Sobrepeso medido por IMC o percibido y comportamientos de control del peso en adolescentes universitarios de Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México

El objetivo fue evaluar las asociaciones entre comportamientos de control de peso y sobrepeso medido por IMC, sobrepeso percibido o percepción errónea del peso en adolescentes por género. Participaron 492 adolescentes universitarios de 17 a 19 años de edad. Se utilizó un cuestionario auto aplicado en línea y se midió peso y estatura. Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron kappa ponderada y regresión logística multivariada. La concordancia entre el peso percibido y el medido por IMC fue 78.7% y la kappa ponderada=0.62. Los adolescentes que percibieron sobrepeso intentaron con más frecuencia bajar de peso, hacer ejercicio y comer menos alimentos que los que tenían sobrepeso medido por IMC. Una cuarta parte intentó bajarlo aún sin percibir o tener sobrepeso real. La posibilidad de tratar de bajar de peso fue mayor en hombres y mujeres con sobrepeso percibido (RM=18.7, IC 95% 6.3-55.3 y RM=10.4, IC 95% 4.5-24.2 respectivamente) y en mujeres que sobrestimaron el peso corporal (RM =6.0, IC 95% 2.8- 12.7). Hubo menos posibilidad de tratar de bajar peso cuando se subestimó el peso en hombres (RM = 0.03, IC 95% 0.01-0.12) y mujeres (RM=0.19, IC 95% 0.05-0.70). En conclusión, el comportamiento de bajar de peso se explica mejor en adolescentes en ambos géneros que percibían sobre peso y en mujeres que lo sobre estimaban, mientras que los hombres intentaron menos bajarlo si subestimaban su peso.

Perceived or BMI-measured overweight and weight controlbehaviors in undergraduate adolescents from Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México. The aim was to evaluate associations between weight control behaviorsand overweight measured by BMI, overweight perception or inaccurate weight perception. 492 undergraduate adolescents from 17 to 19 years old participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire on line was applied and weight and height were measured. Statistical analysis included weighted kappa and multivariate logistic regression. The concordance between weight perception and that evaluated by BMI was 78.7%, weight kappa = 0.62. Adolescents who perceived overweight tried to lose weight, exercised and ate less food more frequently than those who were overweight evaluated by BMI. A quarter tried to lose weight eventhough they did not perceive or were actually overweight.The odds of trying to lose weight were higher in men and women who perceived overweight (OR = 18.7,CI 95% 6.3-55.3and OR = 10.4, IC 95% 4.5-24.2, respectively) andwomen who overestimated overweight (OR = 6.0, CI 95% 2.8-12.7).The odds of tying to lose weight when weight was underestimated were less in men (OR = 0.03, CI 95% 0.01-0.12) and women (OR = 0.19, IC 95% 0.05-0.70). In conclusion the behavior of trying to lose weight was better explained among adolescents of both genders who perceived overweight and among girls who overestimated it.

Relación del colesterol total con la concentración sérica de tocoferoles, un estudio probabilístico en preescolares mexicanos / Relation of total cholesterol in serum tocopherols

Estudios epidemiologicos han demostrado el efecto del estado nutricional de los tocoferoles y el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, las cuales son cada vez mas frecuentes en edades tempranas de la vida. Este trabajo relaciona el colesterol total con las concentraciones sericas de tocoferoles en una poblacion de ninos mexicanos, evaluando ademas su estado antioxidante y oxidante. De octubre a diciembre de 2003, se cuantifico en suero a-tocoferol, γ-tocoferol y colesterol total en 1155 niños (12-59 meses) residentes de localidades urbanas y rurales; se evaluo la capacidad antioxidante y el estado oxidante con la produccion de TBARS. Los ninos con cifras de colesterol > 240 mg/dL fue de 577.3 ± 200.8 μg/dL. Sin embargo, cuando se expresaron los tocoferoles en relacion con el colesterol total (μmol/mmol), se observo que los niños con + 1.19), lo que los ubicaba en un adecuado estado nutricional de a-tocoferol, a diferencia del grupo con > 240 mg/dL de colesterol en quienes la relacion fue baja (1.93 ± 0.69). No se observaron diferencias en la capacidad antioxidante del suero, pero si en la produccion de TBARS para los niños con > 200 mg/dL de colesterol. En preescolares los incrementos en el colesterol total limitan la disponibilidad de tocoferoles sericos para los lipidos circulantes, esta condicion a traves del tiempo puede condicionar el desarrollo prematuro de lesiones vasculares mediadas por estres oxidativo.

Epidemiological studies have shown the effect of nutritional status of tocopherols and development of cardiovascular diseases that now are more frequent during early years of life. In this work we evaluated the association between the total cholesterol and serum levels of tocopherols in a population of Mexican children in whom we measured the oxidant status and antioxidant capacity (December 2003). In 1155 children (12-59 months) residents of urban and rural locations we quantified in serum a-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and total cholesterol; the antioxidant capacity and oxidative status were evaluated with the production of TBARS. Children with serum cholesterol > 240 mg/dL cholesterol recorded an average of 577.3 ± 200.8 μg/dL. However, when tocopherols were expressed in relation to total cholesterol (μmol/mmol) found that children with > 240 mg/dL of cholesterol in whom the relationship was low (1.93 ± 0.69). There were no differences in serum antioxidant capacity, but if in the production of TBARS for children with > 200 mg/dL cholesterol. In preschools the increases in total cholesterol limits the availability of serum tocopherol for circulating lipids, this condition over time could determine the early development of vascular injury mediated by oxidative stress.

Impacto en la supervivencia del cribado del cáncer de mama en el Hospital General de Segovia / Impact of breast cancer screening on survival in the General Hospital of Segovia (Spain)

Objetivos: Analizar si el programa de cribado del cáncer de mama en la provincia de Segovia ha supuesto una mejora en la supervivencia en la población afecta por este tumor. Objetivo secundario: analizar la magnitud de esta mejora a los 5, 10 y 15 años de seguimiento. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo, analiza la supervivencia de 253 pacientes diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama por el programa de cribado (desde 1992-2007) y la supervivencia de 312 diagnosticadas a través del marco asistencial habitual, todas ellas tratadas en el Hospital General de Segovia. Resultados: La supervivencia en el grupo de cribado es netamente superior a la del grupo de diagnóstico clínico, siendo la diferencia ma ́s marcada a medida que aumenta el seguimiento: 93% vs 78% a los 5 años; 89% vs 68% a los 10 años; 86% vs 56% a los 15 años. Conclusiones: Se ha conseguido mejorar la supervivencia desde la puesta en marcha del programa de cribado, especialmente se observa a los 15 años de seguimiento, una diferencia del 30% (AU)

Objectives: To analyze whether the program for breast cancer screening in the Spanish province of Segovia has increased the survival rate among the population with this disease. Secondary objective: to analyze the magnitude of this improvement at 5, 10 and 15 years of follow-up. Materials and methods: We performed a descriptive, retrospective study that analyzed the survival rates in 253 patients diagnosed with breast cancer by the breast cancer screening program (1992-2007), as well as survival in 312 patients, diagnosed in routine clinical practice. All patients were treated in the General Hospital of Segovia. Results: The survival rate in the screening group was clearly higher than that in the group diagnosed in routine clinical practice. This difference was more marked with increasing follow- up: 93% vs 78% at 5 years, 89% vs 68% at 10 years and 86% vs 56% at 15 years. Conclusions: Survival has improved since the start of the screening program. This increase was especially marked in the 15 years of follow-up, representing a difference of 30% (AU)

Tryptophan and serotonin in blood and platelets of depressed patients: Effect of an antidepressant treatment

Abstract: Platelets llave serotonin (5-HT) uptake and storage mechanisms similar to those from neurons. In addition, they represent nearly 99% of blood 5-HT concentration. For these characteristics, platelets are considered useful biomarkers of the serotonergic synaptic neurotransmission, particularly in psychiatric disturbances such as depression. However, most studies which have evaluated platelet 5-HT concentrations in depression have not shown similar findings. It has been suggested that changes in plasma tryptophan (TRP) concentrations might modify 5-HT concentration in the brain, as well as in platelets. Likewise, decreased plasma concentrations of TRP have been found in depressed patients, and the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) induce changes in platelet 5-HT concentration. Considering the controversy surrounding platelet 5-HT concentrations in depressed patients, and the fact that blood 5-HT and TRP have not been studied in the Mexican population, we decided to study 5-HT and tryptophan concentrations in blood and platelets from depressed and control Mexican subjects to evaluate a possible correlation with the severity of depression. The effect of fluoxetine and citalopram treatment on blood and platelet 5-HT and TRP concentrations in depressed patients was also studied. Material and methods Depressed patients The patients of this study were carefully selected and evaluated. Scales based on semi-structured interviews were applied (MINI and SCID-II) by clinical investigators to reduce any possible bias in patient selection. The influence of the seasonal variability on the 5-HT or TRP blood concentrations was controlled by pairing depressed patients and healthy subjects according to age, gender and, in the case of women, menstrual cycle phase. Patients with a complete remission of depression symptoms (defined as a score not higher than 5 points in the Hamilton's scale, and lower than 7 points in Beck's scale) were asked for a blood sample to measure platelet and blood concentrations of 5-HT and TRP. The patients were weighted before the treatment and after their improvement. Control subjects The control group was integrated by 30 healthy subjects, 24 women and 6 men, with an average age of 32.3 ± 10.8 years. Participants were recruited from the overall Mexican population, interviewed by a psychiatrist, and evaluated with the structured interview MINI and the SCID-II, all these to discard any psychiatric diagnose. None of them had received any pharmacological treatment during the three weeks prior to the study. Control and depressed women were paired according to their menstrual cycle phase. All participants received a detailed explanation of the study, and those who voluntarily accepted the stipulations signed an informed consent document. Control and patient subjects were clinically examined and studied with routine laboratory tests (blood count, blood chemistry, urinalysis, and thyroid function test). Blood sample procedures 5-HT and TRP measurements in total blood preparation were carried out according to the method described by Anderson, and were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Statistical analysis The differences were statistically determined through an analysis of variance (ANOVA), with the assistance of the SPSS 12.00 (Statistical Software by SPPS Inc.). Results Results from laboratory tests, such as blood count, blood chemistry, thyroid function (T3, T4 and TSH) and urinalysis were normal in depressed subjects, as well as in healthy volunteers. Platelet number, blood 5-HT concentration, platelet content of 5-HT, and blood tryptophan concentration showed no significant differences in depressed patients in comparison to control subjects. 5-HT values in blood and platelet were significantly lower than the initial concentrations in patients after antidepressant treatment. Discussion and conclusions Discrepancies between our study and those found in the literature can be explained with three different approaches: ethnical, physiological, and methodological, as is further discussed. The significant decrease produced by the antidepressant treatment in blood and platelet serotonin concentration may be a consequence of the action of SSRIs, due to a 5-HT diminished uptake by the platelet. Considering our results, we conclude that: Blood and platelet 5-HT concentrations were not different between depressed patients and healthy volunteers. Blood TRP concentrations were not different between depressed patients and healthy volunteers. SSRIs (fluoxetine or citalopram) used in the treatment of depressed patients induced a significant decrease in blood and platelet content of 5-HT, and had no effect in TRP concentrations. Based on these results, neither blood/platelet 5-HT nor blood tryptophan concentrations seem to be good biological markers of depressive patients status. However, 5-HT, but not tryp-tophan, might be a reference point for pharmacological treatment effect.

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Triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with insulinemia in adolescents

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la relación entre lípidos e insulina en adolescentes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en 350 adolescentes de 14 a 19 años de preparatoria pública en Guadalajara, Jal., México. La insulina se midió por inmunoensayo enzimático de micropartícula, el colesterol total y triglicéridos por pruebas enzimáticas estándares, y las lipoproteínas de baja y alta densidad por métodos de precipitación. Se utilizó análisis de regresión lineal multivariada. RESULTADOS: Los triglicéridos se asociaron en forma positiva con insulina (b= 0.003, p= 0.0001) y la lipoproteína de alta densidad se asoció en forma negativa con insulina en varones de 18-19 años de edad (b= -0.03, p= 0.012). CONCLUSIONES: En los adolescentes, los triglicéridos y las lipoproteínas de alta densidad están asociados con la insulinemia.

Cementerios y salud pública en Guadalajara / Cementeries and public health in Guadalajara

Introducción: el presente estudio tiene el objetivo de dar cuenta de la institucionalización de la muerte a través del tiempo en los cementerios de la ciudad de Guadalajara.Diseño: descriptivo.Material y método: revisión de escritos y documentos localizados referentes a Campos Santos y Cementerios, en los archivos públicos y eclesiásticos de la ciudad de Guadalajara. Jalisco. México.Resultados: la influencia religiosa y familiar en la disposición de los cadáveres durante la colonia, se ve sustituida por la intervención del Estado en forma de control de los cuerpos muertos a través de una legislación influenciada por los conocimientos de la época.Discusión: en los cementerios en la ciudad de Guadalajara, hasta mediados del siglo XX, las representaciones y la legislación, cambiaron poco en términos de controlar, organizar y secuenciar la vida y la muerte de los ciudadanos. Sin embargo, a inicios del actual siglo XXI, la modernidad con sus contradicciones, se revierte al Estado controlador de los cuerpos muertos, en cuanto otros procesos, como el de urbanización-industrialización, que reclaman espacios para los cuerpos de los vivos.Actualmente las estrategias del Estado para disponer los cadáveres, se orientan hacia la minimización del cuerpo, sin perder el control.

Cementerios y salud pública en Guadalajara / Cementeries and public health in Guadalajara

Introducción: el presente estudio tiene el objetivo de dar cuenta de la institucionalización de la muerte a través del tiempo en los cementerios de la ciudad de Guadalajara.Diseño: descriptivo.Material y método: revisión de escritos y documentos localizados referentes a Campos Santos y Cementerios, en los archivos públicos y eclesiásticos de la ciudad de Guadalajara. Jalisco. México.Resultados: la influencia religiosa y familiar en la disposición de los cadáveres durante la colonia, se ve sustituida por la intervención del Estado en forma de control de los cuerpos muertos a través de una legislación influenciada por los conocimientos de la época.Discusión: en los cementerios en la ciudad de Guadalajara, hasta mediados del siglo XX, las representaciones y la legislación, cambiaron poco en términos de controlar, organizar y secuenciar la vida y la muerte de los ciudadanos. Sin embargo, a inicios del actual siglo XXI, la modernidad con sus contradicciones, se revierte al Estado controlador de los cuerpos muertos, en cuanto otros procesos, como el de urbanización-industrialización, que reclaman espacios para los cuerpos de los vivos.Actualmente las estrategias del Estado para disponer los cadáveres, se orientan hacia la minimización del cuerpo, sin perder el control. (AU)