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BACKGROUND: Evidence-based programs (EBPs) for health promotion were developed to reach older adults where they live, work, pray, and play. When the COVID-19 pandemic placed a disproportionate burden on older adults living with chronic conditions and the community-based organizations that support them, these in-person programs shifted to remote delivery. While EBPs have demonstrated effectiveness when delivered in person, less is known about outcomes when delivered remotely. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated changes in remote EBP participants' health and well-being in a national mixed methods outcome evaluation in January 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022. METHODS: We used the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) for equity framework to guide the evaluation. We purposively sampled for diverse remote EBP delivery modes and delivery organizations, staff, and traditionally underserved older adults, including people of color and rural dwellers. We included 5 EBPs for self-management, falls prevention, and physical activity: videoconferencing (Chronic Disease Self-Management Program, Diabetes Self-Management Program, and EnhanceFitness), telephone plus mailed materials (Chronic Pain Self-Management Program), and enhanced self-directed mailed materials (Walk With Ease). Participant and provider data included validated surveys, in-depth interviews, and open-ended survey questions. We used descriptive statistics to characterize the sample and the magnitude of change and paired t tests (2-tailed) and the Fisher exact test to test for change in outcomes between enrollment and 6-month follow-up. Thematic analysis was used to identify similarities and differences in outcomes within and across programs. Joint display tables facilitated the integration of quantitative and qualitative findings. RESULTS: A total of 586 older adults, 198 providers, and 37 organizations providing EBPs participated in the evaluation. Of the 586 older adults, 289 (49.3%) provided follow-up outcome data. The mean age of the EBP participants was 65.4 (SD 12.0) years. Of the 289 EBP participants, 241 (83.4%) were female, 108 (37.3%) were people of color, 113 (39.1%) lived alone, and 99 (34.3%) were experiencing financial hardship. In addition, the participants reported a mean of 2.5 (SD 1.7) chronic conditions. Overall, the remote EBP participants showed statistically significant improvements in health, energy, sleep quality, loneliness, depressive symptoms, and technology anxiety. Qualitatively, participants shared improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and skills for healthier living; reduced their social isolation and loneliness; and gained better access to programs. Three-fourths of the providers (149/198, 75.2%) felt that effectiveness was maintained when switching from in-person to remote delivery. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that participating in remote EBPs can improve health, social, and technological outcomes of interest for older adults and providers, with benefits extending to policy makers. Future policy and practice can better support remote EBP delivery as one model for health promotion, improving access for all older adults.
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COVID-19 , Promoción de la Salud , Humanos , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Anciano , Femenino , Masculino , Telemedicina , Práctica Clínica Basada en la Evidencia , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Pandemias , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad CrónicaRESUMEN
Introduction: We previously conducted a 3-arm randomized trial (263 adults with chronic low back pain) which compared group-based (1) single-session pain relief skills intervention (Empowered Relief; ER); (2) 8-session cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for chronic back pain; and (3) single-session health and back pain education class (HE). Results suggested non-inferiority of ER vs. CBT at 3 months post-treatment on an array of outcomes. Methods: Here, we tested the durability of treatment effects at 6 months post-treatment. We examined group differences in primary and secondary outcomes at 6 months and the degree to which outcomes eroded or improved from 3-month to 6-month within each treatment group. Results: Empowered Relief remained non-inferior to CBT on most outcomes, whereas both ER and CBT remained superior to HE on most outcomes. Outcome improvements within ER did not decrease significantly from 3-month to 6-month, and indeed ER showed additional 3- to 6-month improvements on pain catastrophizing, pain bothersomeness, and anxiety. Effects of ER at 6 months post-treatment (moderate term outcomes) kept pace with effects reported by participants who underwent 8-session CBT. Conclusions: The maintenance of these absolute levels implies strong stability of ER effects. Results extend to 6 months post-treatment previous findings documenting that ER and CBT exhibit similarly potent effects on outcomes.
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OBJECTIVES: Caregivers of persons living with dementia in rural United States are a vulnerable population. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, rural communities experienced heightened disparities in social services, healthcare, suicides, and mortality. Guided by the Caregiving Stress Process Model, this study examines the relationship between the stressors and resources of rural caregivers of persons living with dementia and their experience of depression, stress, and COVID-19. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-two rural caregivers of persons living with dementia completed an online survey, March 1, 2021-April 30, 2022. Analyses used baseline responses to validated scales and an open-ended question, "How has COVID impacted your life as a caregiver?" Dependent variables were depressive symptoms and stress. Bivariate and hierarchical linear regression analyses examined associations of stressors and resources with depressive symptoms and stress. Thematic analysis examined open-ended question responses. RESULTS: Among examined stressors, high care burden (bâ =â 1.94, pâ <â .05) and loneliness (bâ =â 0.76, pâ <â .0001) were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Loneliness (bâ =â 0.24, pâ <â .05) and ≥41 hr spent caregiving per week (reference 10-20 hr; bâ =â 0.99, pâ <â .05) were associated with stress. Among examined resources, self-efficacy for caregiving (bâ =â -0.21, pâ <â .05) was inversely associated with stress. Qualitative results confirmed quantitative results and identified additional pandemic-related themes in stressors and resources. DISCUSSION: We found that caregiver burden, loneliness, and caregiving hours were associated with greater psychological distress among rural caregivers of persons living with dementia during the pandemic, whereas self-efficacy for caregiving was protective. Rural caregivers need increased support to address care burdens and enhance psychological resources for caregiving. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04428112.
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COVID-19 , Demencia , Distrés Psicológico , Suicidio , Humanos , Cuidadores/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Pandemias , Amigos , Población Rural , COVID-19/epidemiología , Demencia/psicologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION.: Evidence-based health promotion programs (EBPs) support older adults where they live, work, pray, play, and age. COVID-19 placed a disproportionate burden on this population, especially those with chronic conditions. In-person EBPs shifted to remote delivery via video-conferencing, phone, and mail during the pandemic, creating opportunities and challenges for older adult health equity. METHOD.: In 2021-2022, we conducted a process evaluation of remote EBPs by purposively sampling diverse U.S. organizations and older adults (people of color, rural, and/or with disabilities). The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) + Equity framework was used to understand program reach and implementation, including FRAME to describe adaptations for remote delivery. Analyses include descriptive statistics and thematic analysis of participant and provider surveys and interviews, and joint display tables to compare learnings. RESULTS.: Findings from 31 EBPs through 198 managers/leaders and 107 organizations suggest remote delivery increases EBP reach by improving access for older adults who are underserved. For programs requiring new software or hardware, challenges remain reaching those with limited access to-or comfort using-technology. Adaptations were to context (e.g., shorter, smaller classes with longer duration) and for equity (e.g., phone formats, autogenerated captioning); content was unchanged except where safety was concerned. Implementation is facilitated by remote delivery guidelines, distance training, and technology support; and hindered by additional time, staffing, and resources for engagement and delivery. CONCLUSIONS.: Remote EBP delivery is promising for improving equitable access to quality health promotion. Future policies and practices must support technology access and usability for all older adults.
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INTRODUCTION: Dementia caregiving is complex and disproportionally burdens caregivers living in rural areas due to fewer resources and formal support systems. There is an immediate need to identify effective, scalable, and accessible online programs to support rural caregivers' well-being. Building Better Caregivers (BBC), a possible solution, is an asynchronous online 6-week, interactive, and skills-building workshop developed for caregivers of persons with dementia. This research aims to assess the effectiveness and implementation of the BBC workshop when delivered among rural dementia caregivers in the United States. METHODS: A hybrid effectiveness and implementation trial applying mixed methods will be conducted in collaboration with local, state, and national partnering organizations. Eligible participants live in a rural area of the United States, give care at least 10 h a week for a family member or friend with dementia, and have internet access. Evaluation is based on the RE-AIM framework. Effectiveness outcomes are assessed using a randomized control trial. Caregivers are randomly assigned to the BBC workshop (intervention) or attention control group. Implementation outcomes are assessed using surveys and debriefing interviews from partnering organizations and participants. The study protocol including the study design, methods of recruitment and assessment, and outcomes are described. CONCLUSION: This is the first known study to evaluate both the effectiveness and implementation of a caregiver support intervention under real-world conditions in rural areas. If successful, this online workshop will be a practical and acceptable approach for promoting the health and well-being of geographically isolated rural dementia caregivers.
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Cuidadores , Demencia , Demencia/terapia , Familia , Amigos , Humanos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To obtain insight in self-management challenges of persons with advanced cancer and factors that influence their self-management. METHODS: Exploratory study among persons with advanced cancer. We conducted in-depth interviews and performed an inductive thematic analysis, using open, axial and selective coding. RESULTS: We interviewed 33 persons with advanced cancer. Four self-management challenges were identified: (1) Dealing with physical and psychological symptoms and problems. (2) Navigating the illness trajectory, including management of clinical appointments and treatment regimens, end-of-life planning life and 'maintaining normality'. (3) Managing relations with healthcare professionals, including contributing experiential knowledge to medical decision-making. (4) Navigating changes in the social environment. Some participants responded proactively to these challenges, for example, by actively searching for information to obtain an extensive understanding of their illness and (re)scheduling medical appointments for a better fit in their agenda. Self-management strategies seemed to be influenced by patients' personality, life history, moment in the illness trajectory and the social environment. CONCLUSION: Self-management challenges of persons with advanced cancer are based largely outside the professional care setting. Self-management strategies in response to these challenges are typically aimed at maintaining a normal life. Self-management support should be tailored to patients' needs and part of trustful partnerships with patients and relatives.
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Neoplasias , Automanejo , Humanos , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/psicología , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
A remote (telephone and tool kit) chronic pain program was studied using the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework. This 6-week pilot took place in underserved communities in Cleveland, Ohio. We determined reach by the diversity of the population, nearly 50% Black and mostly low income. Effectiveness over 7 weeks was shown with validated instruments (depression, pain, sleep, quality of life, self-rated health, and self-efficacy). Changes in pain, depression, and self-efficacy were significant. (p < .01). Remote implementation was accomplished by sending participants a box of materials (book, exercise and relaxation CDs, a self-test, and tip sheets). Participants also participated in peer-facilitated, weekly, scripted telephone calls. Maintenance was demonstrated as the study site has offered nine additional programs with more plan. In addition, 60 additional organizations are now offering the program. This proof-of-concept study offers an alternate to in-person chronic pain self-management program delivery.
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Dolor Crónico , Automanejo , Dolor Crónico/terapia , Humanos , Proyectos Piloto , Calidad de Vida , TeléfonoRESUMEN
Patients with chronic pain experience stigma within the healthcare system. This stigma is compounded for those taking long-term prescription opioids. Often, public messaging and organizational policies have telegraphed that opioid treatment is a problem to be solved by focusing only on medication reduction efforts. Lack of data has contributed to misperceptions and poor opioid policies. In part, data collection remains poor because patients feel fractured from systems of care and are often not interested in engaging with opioid reduction mandates and research. Similarly, clinicians may fail to engage with opioid stewardship and research due to complexities that exceed their training or capacities. The EMPOWER study applies a coproduction model that engages researchers, patients, clinicians, managers, and other health system users. Key stakeholders shaped the design of the study to best ensure acceptability and engagement of the "end users"-patients who enroll in the study and the clinicians who implement the opioid tapers. Targeting the needs of any stakeholder group in isolation is suboptimal. Accordingly, we detail the EMPOWER patient-centered opioid tapering clinical research framework and specific strategies to address stakeholder concerns. We also discuss how this framework may be applied to enhance engagement in healthcare research broadly.
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Analgésicos Opioides , Dolor Crónico , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Dolor Crónico/tratamiento farmacológico , Investigación sobre Servicios de Salud , Humanos , PrescripcionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the development and evaluation of a short caregiving self-efficacy measure. The self-administered 8-item Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES-8) was developed to reflect components of typical caregiver support interventions and to be practical for inclusion in future self-efficacy and caregiving research. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We administered the CSES-8 in 2 samples: participants in an intervention for caregivers of persons with cognitive disabilities, and a voluntary online survey for caregivers of adults. We evaluated the completion rate, item-scale correlations, reliability, descriptive statistics, and preliminary construct validity of the CSES-8 in both samples, and sensitivity to change in the intervention sample. RESULTS: The intervention caregivers' sample (N = 158) was 85% female (mean age = 65 years). The online survey sample (N = 138) was 90% female (mean age = 78). In both samples, the CSES-8 had excellent internal consistency reliability (.89 and .88) and good distribution with sufficient variability to detect change. Test-retest reliability was good in the online sample (.73). As evidence of construct validity, most hypotheses were confirmed in both samples. The CSES-8 was sensitive to change at 6 months for caregivers in the intervention program (p < .001). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The CSES-8 is short, comprehensive with respect to common components of interventions to improve caregivers' quality of life, and sensitive to change. It can serve a useful role exploring mechanisms by which caregiver intervention studies work, and it can be helpful in examining whether self-efficacy mediates the effect of these interventions on various outcomes such as psychological well-being.
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Cuidadores , Autoeficacia , Anciano , Cuidadores/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicometría , Calidad de Vida , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
In the current context of the aging of populations and the increase in multiple chronic conditions and dependence, it is important that health systems provide opportunities to improve capacities of older adults to enable healthy aging. Opportunities to enhance older adults' abilities, including self-management, can be offered through evidence-based programs. Such programs have been proven effective in improving individuals' symptoms and quality of life, often lowering health-care costs. Self-management evidence-based programs can foster the development of personal skills, increase confidence and motivation on self-care, and help individuals to make better decisions about their own health. This special report describes the implementation history of a self-management program in the Region of the Americas, and the barriers to and facilitators of implementation that can serve as examples for evidence-based program dissemination in the Region.
En el contexto actual de envejecimiento poblacional y aumento de la dependencia y de diversas enfermedades crónicas, es importante que los sistemas de salud brinden oportunidades para mejorar las capacidades de las personas mayores para propiciar un envejecimiento saludable. Las oportunidades de mejorar las capacidades de las personas mayores, incluido el autocuidado, se pueden ofrecer mediante programas basados en la evidencia. Estos programas han resultado eficaces para mejorar y la calidad de vida y los síntomas de las personas y, a menudo, para reducir los costos de salud. Los programas de autocuidado basados en la evidencia pueden fomentar el desarrollo de aptitudes personales, aumentar la confianza y la motivación sobre el autocuidado y ayudar a las personas a tomar mejores decisiones sobre su propia salud. En este informe especial se describe el proceso de ejecución de un programa de autocuidado en la Región de las Américas, y los factores facilitadores y los obstáculos para la ejecución que pueden servir de ejemplo para la difusión de los programas basados en la evidencia en la Región.
No contexto atual de envelhecimento populacional e o consequente aumento de diversas doenças crônicas e da dependência, é importante que os sistemas de saúde criem oportunidades para a melhora da capacidade funcional da pessoa idosa visando ao envelhecimento saudável. Programas desenvolvidos com base em evidências científicas podem ser oferecidos porque comprovadamente ajudam a melhorar os sintomas e a qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa, reduzindo os custos em saúde. Os programas com enfoque no autocuidado estimulam o desenvolvimento de habilidades pessoais, aumentam a confiança e a motivação das pessoas idosas no próprio cuidado e contribuem para que elas tomem melhores decisões sobre a própria saúde. Este informe especial apresenta um programa de autocuidado implementado na Região das Américas, com a descrição do processo de implementação, das barreiras e dos facilitadores uma experiência que pode servir de exemplo para difundir programas com base em evidências científicas na região.
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Importance: Chronic low back pain (CLBP), the most prevalent chronic pain condition, imparts substantial disability and discomfort. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) reduces the effect of CLBP, but access is limited. Objective: To determine whether a single class in evidence-based pain management skills (empowered relief) is noninferior to 8-session CBT and superior to health education at 3 months after treatment for improving pain catastrophizing, pain intensity, pain interference, and other secondary outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants: This 3-arm randomized clinical trial collected data from May 24, 2017, to March 3, 2020. Participants included individuals in the community with self-reported CLBP for 6 months or more and an average pain intensity of at least 4 (range, 0-10, with 10 indicating worst pain imaginable). Data were analyzed using intention-to-treat and per-protocol approaches. Interventions: Participants were randomized to (1) empowered relief, (2) health education (matched to empowered relief for duration and format), or (3) 8-session CBT. Self-reported data were collected at baseline, before treatment, and at posttreatment months 1, 2, and 3. Main Outcomes and Measures: Group differences in Pain Catastrophizing Scale scores and secondary outcomes at month 3 after treatment. Pain intensity and pain interference were priority secondary outcomes. Results: A total of 263 participants were included in the analysis (131 women [49.8%], 130 men [49.4%], and 2 other [0.8%]; mean [SD] age, 47.9 [13.8] years) and were randomized into 3 groups: empowered relief (n = 87), CBT (n = 88), and health education (n = 88). Empowered relief was noninferior to CBT for pain catastrophizing scores at 3 months (difference from CBT, 1.39 [97.5% CI, -∞ to 4.24]). Empowered relief and CBT were superior to health education for pain catastrophizing scores (empowered relief difference from health education, -5.90 [95% CI, -8.78 to -3.01; P < .001]; CBT difference from health education, -7.29 [95% CI, -10.20 to -4.38; P < .001]). Pain catastrophizing score reductions for empowered relief and CBT at 3 months after treatment were clinically meaningful (empowered relief, -9.12 [95% CI, -11.6 to -6.67; P < .001]; CBT, -10.94 [95% CI, -13.6 to -8.32; P < .001]; health education, -4.60 [95% CI, -7.18 to -2.01; P = .001]). Between-group comparisons for pain catastrophizing at months 1 to 3 were adjusted for baseline pain catastrophizing scores and used intention-to-treat analysis. Empowered relief was noninferior to CBT for pain intensity and pain interference (priority secondary outcomes), sleep disturbance, pain bothersomeness, pain behavior, depression, and anxiety. Empowered relief was inferior to CBT for physical function. Conclusions and Relevance: Among adults with CLBP, a single-session pain management class resulted in clinically significant improvements in pain catastrophizing, pain intensity, pain interference, and other secondary outcomes that were noninferior to 8-session CBT at 3 months. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03167086.
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Dolor Crónico/terapia , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual/métodos , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/terapia , Manejo del Dolor/métodos , Educación del Paciente como Asunto/métodos , Catastrofización/psicología , Catastrofización/terapia , Dolor Crónico/psicología , Empoderamiento , Femenino , Humanos , Análisis de Intención de Tratar , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/psicología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor/psicología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
[ABSTRACT]. In the current context of the aging of populations and the increase in multiple chronic conditions and depen-dence, it is important that health systems provide opportunities to improve capacities of older adults to enable healthy aging. Opportunities to enhance older adults’ abilities, including self-management, can be offered through evidence-based programs. Such programs have been proven effective in improving individuals’ symptoms and quality of life, often lowering health-care costs. Self-management evidence-based programs can foster the development of personal skills, increase confidence and motivation on self-care, and help individuals to make better decisions about their own health. This special report describes the implementation history of a self-management program in the Region of the Americas, and the barriers to and facilitators of implementation that can serve as examples for evidence-based program dissemination in the Region.
[RESUMEN]. En el contexto actual de envejecimiento poblacional y aumento de la dependencia y de diversas enfermedades crónicas, es importante que los sistemas de salud brinden oportunidades para mejorar las capacidades de las personas mayores para propiciar un envejecimiento saludable. Las oportunidades de mejorar las capaci-dades de las personas mayores, incluido el autocuidado, se pueden ofrecer mediante programas basados en la evidencia. Estos programas han resultado eficaces para mejorar y la calidad de vida y los síntomas de las personas y, a menudo, para reducir los costos de salud. Los programas de autocuidado basados en la evidencia pueden fomentar el desarrollo de aptitudes personales, aumentar la confianza y la motivación sobre el autocuidado y ayudar a las personas a tomar mejores decisiones sobre su propia salud. En este informe especial se describe el proceso de ejecución de un programa de autocuidado en la Región de las Américas, y los factores facilitadores y los obstáculos para la ejecución que pueden servir de ejemplo para la difusión de los programas basados en la evidencia en la Región.
[RESUMO]. No contexto atual de envelhecimento populacional e o consequente aumento de diversas doenças crônicas e da dependência, é importante que os sistemas de saúde criem oportunidades para a melhora da capacidade funcional da pessoa idosa visando ao envelhecimento saudável. Programas desenvolvidos com base em evidências científicas podem ser oferecidos porque comprovadamente ajudam a melhorar os sintomas e a qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa, reduzindo os custos em saúde. Os programas com enfoque no autocuidado estimulam o desenvolvimento de habilidades pessoais, aumentam a confiança e a motivação das pessoas idosas no próprio cuidado e contribuem para que elas tomem melhores decisões sobre a própria saúde. Este informe especial apresenta um programa de autocuidado implementado na Região das Américas, com a descrição do processo de implementação, das barreiras e dos facilitadores – uma experiência que pode servir de exemplo para difundir programas com base em evidências científicas na região.
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Automanejo , Autocuidado , Anciano , Atención a la Salud , Centros Comunitarios de Salud , Américas , Automanejo , Autocuidado , Anciano , Atención a la Salud , Centros Comunitarios de Salud , Américas , Automanejo , Anciano , Atención a la Salud , Centros Comunitarios de Salud , AméricasRESUMEN
To understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected caregivers, we assessed its perceived impact on caregiving through a new measure: the Caregiver COVID-19 Limitations Scale (CCLS-9), in Spanish and English. We also compared levels of caregiver self-efficacy and burden pre-COVID-19 and early in the pandemic. We administered surveys via internet to a convenience sample of caregivers in January 2020 (pre-pandemic, n = 221) and in April-June 2020 (English, n = 177 and Spanish samples, n = 144) to assess caregiver self-efficacy, depression, pain, and stress. We used the early pandemic surveys to explore the validity of the CCLS-9. The pre-COVID-19 survey and the April English surveys were compared to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected caregivers. The CCLS-9 had strong construct and divergent validity in both languages. Compared to pre-COVID-19, caregiver stress (p = .002) and pain (p = .009) were significantly greater early in COVID-19, providing evidence of its validity. COVID-19 added to caregiver stress and pain.
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COVID-19/psicología , Carga del Cuidador/etiología , Cuidadores/psicología , Dolor/etiología , Autoeficacia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Comparación Transcultural , Femenino , Humanos , Internacionalidad , Lenguaje , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Report the results of a randomized, controlled trial of Live Healthy, Work Healthy (LHWH), a worksite translation of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP). DESIGN: 14 worksites were randomly assigned to LHWH, standard CDSMP (usual care) or no-intervention (control) group. SETTING: The diverse set of work organizations centered around a rural community in SE US. SUBJECTS: 411 participants completed baseline data with 359 being included in the final analyses. INTERVENTION: LHWH had been adapted to fit the unique characteristics of work organizations. This translated program consists of 15 sessions over 8 weeks and was facilitated by trained lay leaders. MEASURES: The primary outcomes including health risk, patient-provider communication, quality of life, medical adherence and work performance were collected pretest, posttest (6 mos.) and follow-up (12 mos.). ANALYSIS: Analyses were conducted using latent change score models in a structural equation modeling framework. RESULTS: 79% of participants reported at least one chronic condition with an average of 2.7 chronic conditions reported. Results indicated that LHWH program demonstrated positive changes in a most outcomes including significant exercise (uΔ = 0.89, p < .01), chronic disease self-efficacy (uΔ = 0.63, p < .05), fatigue (uΔ = -1.45, p < .05), stress (uΔ = -0.98, p < .01) and mentally unhealthy days (uΔ = -3.47, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The translation of LHWH is an effective, low cost, embeddable program that has the potential to improve the health and work life of employees.
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Promoción de la Salud , Calidad de Vida , Enfermedad Crónica , Ejercicio Físico , Humanos , Lugar de TrabajoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Evidence to date, while sparse, suggests that patients taking long-term opioids require special considerations and protections to prevent potential iatrogenic harms from opioid de-prescribing, such as increased pain or suffering. Following this study protocol, the EMPOWER study seeks to address multiple unmet needs of patients with chronic pain who desire to reduce long-term opioid therapy, and provide the clinical evidence on effective methodology. METHODS: EMPOWER applies patient-centered methods for voluntary prescription opioid reduction conducted within a comprehensive, multi-state, 3-arm randomized controlled comparative effectiveness study of three study arms (1) group cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain; (2) group chronic pain self-management; and (3) usual care (taper only). Specialized electronic data capture systems collect patient reported symptoms and satisfaction data weekly and monthly during the taper, with real-time clinical alerts and electronic feedback loops informing, documenting, and steering needed care actions. CONCLUSION: The EMPOWER study seeks to provide granular evidence on patient response to voluntary opioid tapering, and will provide evidence to inform clinical systems changes, clinical care, patient satisfaction, and patient outcomes for opioid reduction.
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Dolor Crónico , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides , Automanejo , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Dolor Crónico/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/prevención & control , Atención Dirigida al Paciente , Prescripciones , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases, like diabetes and heart disease, are considered inflammatory conditions with elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Disease progression is not consistent from person to person. Psychosocial factors are hypothesized to play a modifying role. Self-efficacy, the confidence in one's ability to perform well in a specific life domain or at a specific task, is associated with better health outcomes. Coping self-efficacy is confidence in one's ability to handle life's problems through emotional regulation, problem-solving, and social support. Little is known about associations between coping self-efficacy and inflammation. AIM: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine associations between coping self-efficacy and IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over two visits. Sociodemographic variables, chronic disease count, body mass index (BMI), and coping self-efficacy were collected. Inflammatory markers were collected via sweat using the sweat patch, a noninvasive collection device. RESULTS: Higher TNF-α and IL-10 levels were significantly associated with low coping self-efficacy (ß = -.03, p = .028; ß = -.017, p = .007, respectively) after adjustment for age, sex, race, BMI, and chronic disease count. IL-6 trended toward significance after adjustment as well (ß = -.22, p = .054). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study showed that high coping self-efficacy was associated with lower IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels, indicating a potential buffering effect of high coping self-efficacy. Further longitudinal research with larger sample sizes is needed.
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Biomarcadores/análisis , Citocinas/análisis , Inflamación/fisiopatología , Interleucina-6/análisis , Autoeficacia , Sudor/química , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Adaptación Psicológica , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos PilotoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Frailty affects an estimated 15% of community dwelling older adults. Few studies look at psychosocial variables like self-efficacy (confidence to perform well at a particular task or life domain) in relation to frailty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate associations between pre-frailty/frailty and self-efficacy. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled community dwelling older adults 65 and older (N = 146) with at least one chronic condition. Scales included: 5-item FRAIL scale (including measures of Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and Loss of weight); coping self-efficacy used to measure confidence in one's ability to problem solve, emotionally regulate and ask for support when problems in life occur; illness intrusiveness; patient health questionnaire to assess depressive symptoms; financial strain; life events count; social support; heart rate; tobacco use and body mass index. Logistic regression was used for model development. RESULTS: Roughly half (49.3%) of the participants were frail/pre-frail. High coping self-efficacy was associated with a 92% decreased odds of pre-frailty/frailty after adjustment for age, sex, race, co-morbidities, heart rate, a life events count, and body mass index. This relationship remained significant when illness intrusiveness and depression scores were added to the model (OR: 0.10; p-value = 0.014). Increases in age, co-morbidities, heart rate and body mass index were also significantly associated with higher adjusted odds of pre-frailty/frailty. CONCLUSIONS: High coping self-efficacy was associated with greater odds of a robust state. Further consideration should be given to coping self-efficacy in frailty research and intervention development.
Asunto(s)
Fragilidad , Adaptación Psicológica , Anciano , Enfermedad Crónica , Estudios Transversales , Anciano Frágil , Fragilidad/epidemiología , Evaluación Geriátrica , Humanos , Vida Independiente , AutoeficaciaRESUMEN
There is a paucity of succinct measures of physician satisfaction. As part of a Performance Improvement Project, we developed and piloted a simple questionnaire to determine rheumatologists satisfaction.Thirty 5 rheumatologists in the academic or private setting were sent opened-ended questions to determine the factors that made them satisfied or dissatisfied with respect to their rheumatology practice. From the responses we formed 14 questions 1 to 10 scale centering on satisfaction and dissatisfaction that was piloted in 30 rheumatologists and subsequently validated in 173 rheumatologists within the US and Latin America.Our combined sample included 173 rheumatologists (55 English and 118 Spanish-speaking respondents). The mean satisfaction for the combined sample was 6.92 (standard deviation=1.1, range 4.08-9.62). The strongest contributors to physician satisfaction were "Seeing interesting and challenging cases" (8.6â±â1.5) and "The ability to make a difference in patient's life" as well as "Establishing long term relationship with patients" (8.39â±â1.5). The strongest contributors to physician dissatisfaction were "Getting inappropriate referrals not in the scope of practice" (4.3â±â2.13) and "Time spent on documentation" (4.5â±â2.59). The scale had good reliability, relatively normal distribution, and little or no redundancy among items.A simple and practical questionnaire to measure physician satisfaction, in particular rheumatologists satisfaction, was developed, piloted and successfully validated on a predominately academic sample of rheumatologists within the US and Latin America. This scale will serve as a means to identifying potential barriers to the implementation of performance improvement projects in the practice of Rheumatology.