Baicalein glycymicelle ophthalmic solution: Preparation, in vitro antimicrobial activities, and antimicrobial mechanism evaluations.

The purpose of this study was to develop a novel baicalein (BAI) loaded glycymicelle ophthalmic solution with small molecule phytochemical glycyrrhizin as nanocarriers and to explore this solution's potential as an antimicrobial agent against ocular infections. The optimized BAI glycymicelles had a high encapsulation efficiency (98.76 ±â€¯1.25 %), a small particle size (54.38 ±â€¯2.41 nm), a uniform size distribution (polydispersity index = 0.293 ±â€¯0.083), and a zeta potential of -28.3 ±â€¯1.17 mV. The BAI glycymicelle ophthalmic solution exhibited an excellent short-term storage stability. BAI glycymicelles significantly increased the apparent solubility and in vitro release capability of BAI. The BAI glycymicelle ophthalmic solution exhibited no hen's egg-chorioallantoic membrane' irritation and strong in vivo ocular tolerance in rabbits. The BAI glycymicelles noticeably enhanced the in vivo corneal permeation. The BAI glycymicelles also precipitated increased in vitro antioxidant activity and significantly improved in vitro antipathogen activities. Various antimicrobial mechanisms, including the destruction of the bacterial cell wall, damage to the bacterial cell membranes, interruptions to the biofilm structure, and the apoptosis of bacteria, were inflicted on BAI glycymicelles. These findings provided useful knowledge regarding the development of a novel ophthalmic solution and formulation of BAI.

Segmental scleral buckling without sling sutures around the muscles.

PURPOSE: To introduce a modified technique for segmental buckling through a small in situ conjunctival opening without rectus muscle traction for minimally invasive repair of uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. METHODS: This technique was performed in 15 eyes of 15 selected patients with primary retinal detachment. Conventional traction sutures placed beneath rectus muscles were replaced by an absorbable translimbal traction suture at lesion quadrant. The conjunctival incision was made 8-9 mm posterior and parallel to the limbus. After cryopexy, a minimal explant was fixed with one to two sutures through the conjunctival opening, expanded by a pediatric speculum. RESULTS: Retinal reattachments were achieved with correct buckle positions in all patients, with rapid cosmetic recovery. CONCLUSION: This modified buckling technique simplifies the buckling procedure, minimizes surgical invasiveness, preserves intact limbal conjunctiva, and relieves discomfort.