RESUMEN
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the genetic factors partly influence the development of same-sex sexual behavior, but most genetic studies have focused on people of primarily European ancestry, potentially missing important biological insights. Here, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) with a total sample of 1478 homosexual males and 3313 heterosexual males in Han Chinese populations and identified two genetic loci (rs17320865, Xq27.3, FMR1NB, Pmeta = 8.36 × 10-8, OR = 1.29; rs7259428, 19q12, ZNF536, Pmeta = 7.58 × 10-8, OR = 0.75) showing consistent association with male sexual orientation. A fixed-effect meta-analysis including individuals of Han Chinese (n = 4791) and European ancestries (n = 408,995) revealed 3 genome-wide significant loci of same-sex sexual behavior (rs9677294, 2p22.1, SLC8A1, Pmeta = 1.95 × 10-8; rs2414487, 15q21.3, LOC145783, Pmeta = 4.53 × 10-9; rs2106525, 7q31.1, MDFIC, Pmeta = 6.24 × 10-9). These findings may provide new insights into the genetic basis of male sexual orientation from a wider population scope. Furthermore, we defined the average ZNF536-immunoreactivity (ZNF536-ir) concentration in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as lower in homosexual individuals than in heterosexual individuals (0.011 ± 0.001 vs 0.021 ± 0.004, P = 0.013) in a postmortem study. In addition, compared with heterosexuals, the percentage of ZNF536 stained area in the SCN was also smaller in the homosexuals (0.075 ± 0.040 vs 0.137 ± 0.103, P = 0.043). More homosexual preference was observed in FMR1NB-knockout mice and we also found significant differences in the expression of serotonin, dopamine, and inflammation pathways that were reported to be related to sexual orientation when comparing CRISPR-mediated FMR1NB knockout mice to matched wild-type target C57 male mice.
RESUMEN
By using 1: 200 000 soil database, the soil organic carbon storage in Henan Province was estimated, and its spatial distribution was analyzed. The results showed that in this province, soil organic carbon storage was about 10.27 x 10(8) t, accounting for 1.15% of the total in China, and its density was 7.46 kg m(-2) on average, being lower than that (9.60 kg m(-2)) in this country. The top four soil types in organic carbon storage were fluvo-aquic soil, cinnamon soil, skeletal soil, and yellow cinnamon soil, with the storage all being higher than 1.0 x 10(8) t and totally taken up 69.65% of that in Henan. The organic carbon density was the highest in bog soil (24.54 kg m(-2)), followed by in mountain meadow soil (17.69 kg m(-2)) and brown soil (14.64 kg m(-2)). These three soil types mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of west Henan, and the sum of their organic carbon storage was only accounted for 6.34% of the total in the province. The organic carbon density was the lowest in rocky soil (1.32 kg m(-2)) and aeolian sandy soil (1.38 kg m(-2)). In general, the density of soil organic carbon in Henan province mostly varied from 5 kg m(-2) to 10 kg m(-2).
