Pharmacokinetics of furegrelate after oral administration to normal humans.

Furegrelate sodium is a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor with potential for the treatment of various diseases including hypertension, thrombosis, and renal disorders. The absorption and disposition of the parent drug in normal male volunteers have been studied after single- and multiple-dose oral administration. The results from the single-dose study indicate that furegrelate is rapidly absorbed, with a Tmax of 1.0-1.7 hr, has an apparent terminal disposition rate constant of 0.12-0.17 hr-1, and is eliminated primarily by the kidney, with 62-78% of the dose excreted as parent drug. After multiple-dose oral administration for 4.5 days using a b.i.d. dosing regimen, no apparent change in the absorption, disposition, and elimination kinetics is detected and only a slight potential for drug accumulation is observed.

Pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of cefpimizole in normal humans after intramuscular administration.

The pharmacokinetics of cefpimizole (free acid equivalents of cefpimizole sodium), a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, were evaluated after intramuscular administration of single doses (dose range, 100 to 1,000 mg) and multiple doses (dose range, 500 to 2,000 mg) given b.i.d. for 6 or 11 days. The kinetics after intramuscular administration correspond to a one-compartment model with first-order input. The apparent volume of distribution of the absorbed dose averaged 18.6 +/- 3.4 (standard deviation) liters for 58 individuals; the absorption-phase and elimination-phase rate constants averaged 2.53 +/- 1.16 h-1 (half-life, 0.27 h) and 0.338 +/- 0.041 h-1 (half-life, 2.05 h), respectively; and the mean residence time was 3.43 +/- 0.43 h. The total body clearance of the absorbed dose after single-dose intramuscular administration was 102 +/- 13 ml/min. The primary route of elimination was renal with 73 to 83% of the administered dose excreted in the urine as unchanged drug. Renal clearance averaged 81 +/- 13 ml/min. Dose proportionality was obtained from area under the plasma curve, concentration maximum in plasma, and cumulative urinary excretion levels. Multiple-dose evaluation of intramuscular administration of cefpimizole indicated no apparent change in the absorption or elimination phases after b.i.d. dosing for 6 or 11 days. The kinetic parameters determined from multiple-dose plasma and urine levels were in close agreement with the same parameters calculated from single-dose results. No apparent accumulation of cefpimizole occurred, and nondetectable levels of drug were observed in the 24-h plasma and 24- to 48-h urine specimen after administration of the last dose. The kinetics of cefpimizole after intramuscular administration were similar to the kinetics obtained after intravenous infusion.