Lumpy skin disease outbreaks in China, since 3 August 2019.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease of cattle caused by LSD virus (LSDV). This disease poses a significant threat to stockbreeding and is listed as one of bovine notifiable diseases by OIE. Before 2019, LSD has not been reported in China. The first LSD outbreak was determined in China on August 3, 2019. Since then, a total of 7 LSD outbreaks have been reported in other 6 provinces in China, infecting 91 and killing 7 cattle. As of now, LSDV was detected in western and eastern China and also in Taiwan Island outside Mainland China. LSD is undoubtedly an emerging threat to the cattle industry in China.

The long-term survival benefits of high and low ligation of inferior mesenteric artery in colorectal cancer surgery: A review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The decision of ligation at the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) or below the origin of the left colic artery (LCA) has remained a dilemma for surgeons in colorectal cancer surgery. The available studies are controversial. The objective of this meta-analysis is to compare the predictive significance of high versus low ligation in colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: A literature search done using Medline, EMBASE, GoogleScholar, and references. A meta-analysis was performed to analyze the 5-year overall survival (OS) of the high and low ligation using hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We further analyzed 2 subgroups considering the level of lymph nodes (LNs) extension. That is IMA positive (+ve) and negative (-ve) LNs. Survival differences were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 3119 patients in 5 cohorts were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled HR results showed significant OS benefit of high ligation than low ligation (HR; 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66-0.89) in the "IMA +ve" group with 33% decreased risk, while there is no statistical significance in the "IMA -ve" (HR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.30-1.46) and the "all cases" group (HR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.41-1.15). CONCLUSION: The pooled data showed high ligation of IMA has a better survival benefit for the patients with IMA positive LNs. It signifies high ligation should be recommended for the advanced cases or with the suspected high risk of IMA lymphatic metastasis. The limited number of articles demands future high-powered, well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the further reliable conclusion.

[Influence of predominant aerobic bacteria isolated from different healthy animals on daidzein biotransforming capacity by co-culture with different daidzein biotransforming bacteria].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of isolated predominant aerobic bacteria on daidzein biotransformation capacity by co-culture with daidzein biotransforming bacteria. METHODS: Predominant aerobic bacteria were isolated from diluted feces solutions of different healthy animals, including ICR mice, Luhua chicken, Landrace pigs and Rex rabbits. Daidzein biotransforming bacteria were anaerobically co-cultured with the isolated predominant aerobic bacteria and the cultural broth was extracted and detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Twenty two predominant aerobic bacteria were isolated from the four different healthy animals mentioned above. Based on the analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences, morphology study and relative biophysico-biochemical characteristics, all 22 isolates belong to the 5 genera, i. e. Escherichia (10) , Proteus (5) , Enterococcus (4), Bacillus (2) and Pseudomonas (1). Co-culture between predominant aerobic bacteria and daidzein biotransforming bacteria was carried out under anaerobic conditions. The results showed that the biotransformation capacity was totally lost when different daidzein biotransforming bacterium was co-cultured with either Bacillus cereus ( R1 ) or Pseudomonas aerginosa (R5) and continuously inoculated for 2 or 3 passages. However, no obvious influence was observed when daidzein biotransforming bacteria were co-cultured with all the other isolated predominant aerobic bacteria except R1 and R5. In addition, when strain R1 and R5 was co-cultured with the intestinal microflora of the ICR mice anaerobically and continuously inoculated for 5 passages, about 90% of the co-cultures totally lost the activity to convert daidzein to equol effectively. CONCLUSION: Different predominant aerobic bacteria showed different influence on daidzein biotransformation capacity after being co-cultured with different daidzein biotransforming bacteria. Among all the isolated predominant aerobic bacteria used for co-culture, both Bacillus cereus ( R1) and Pseudomonas aerginosa (R5) were detected significant inhibition on biotransformation activity of different daidzein biotransforming bacteria.