RESUMEN
Traditional antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) mainly suppress tumor growth through either chemotherapy with cytotoxic payloads or immunotherapy with immuno-modulators. However, a single therapeutic modality may limit their exploration. Herein, we developed a new type of drug conjugate termed CAR-EDC (CAR-M-derived exosome-drug conjugate) by using CAR-exosomes from CAR-M cells as the targeting drug carrier that contains a high level of CXCL10. CAR-exosomes could significantly enhance the immunological activation and migratory capacity of T lymphocytes and promote their differentiation into CD8+ T cells. It also increased the proportion of M1 macrophages. The CAR-EDC, covalently loaded with SN-38, was internalized into Raji cells through endocytosis mediated by the CAR molecules. It exerted excellent antitumor activity in vivo by virtue of not only chemotherapy by SN38 but also immunotherapy by CXCL10-mediated antitumor immunity. Generally, this study provides an exosome-drug conjugate system with enhanced antitumor effects over traditional ADCs through the synergism of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
RESUMEN
As the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis, Staphylococcus aureus enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (SaFabI) emerges as a compelling target for combating methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. Herein, compound 1, featuring a 4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one scaffold, was identified as a potent SaFabI inhibitor (IC50 = 976.8 nM) from an in-house library. Subsequent optimization yielded compound n31, with improved inhibitory efficacy on enzymatic activity (IC50 = 174.2 nM) and selective potency against S. aureus (MIC = 1-2 µg/mL). Mechanistically, n31 directly inhibited SaFabI in cellular contexts. Moreover, n31 exhibited favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles, and dose-dependently treated MRSA-induced skin infections, outperforming the approved drug, linezolid. The chiral separation of n31 resulted in (S)-n31, with superior activities (IC50 = 94.0 nM, MIC = 0.25-1 µg/mL) and in vivo therapeutic efficacy. In brief, our research proposes (S)-n31 as a promising candidate for SaFabI-targeted therapy, offering specific anti-S. aureus efficacy and potential for further development.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Animales , Humanos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Enoil-ACP Reductasa (NADH)/antagonistas & inhibidores , Enoil-ACP Reductasa (NADH)/metabolismo , Ratones , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis químicaRESUMEN
Chemical agonism of human caseinolytic protease P (HsClpP) is increasingly being recognized as a potential anticancer strategy due to its critical role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. We unveil the discovery of 5-(piperidin-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as a novel class of HsClpP agonists and demonstrate for the first time the application of HsClpP agonists in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Pace, A.; Pierro, P. The new era of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2009, 7 (21), 4337-4348). Compound SL44 exhibited potent HsClpP agonistic activity in the α-casein hydrolysis assay (EC50 = 1.30 µM) and inhibited the proliferation of HCCLM3 cells (IC50 = 3.1 µM, 21.4-fold higher than hit ADX-47273). Mechanistically, SL44 induces degradation of respiratory chain complex subunits and leads to apoptosis in HCC cells. In vivo results demonstrated that SL44 has potent tumor growth inhibitory activity and has a superior safety profile compared to the kinase inhibitor sorafenib. Overall, we developed a novel class of HsClpP agonists that can potentially be used for the treatment of HCC.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Oxadiazoles , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Animales , Oxadiazoles/química , Oxadiazoles/farmacología , Oxadiazoles/uso terapéutico , Oxadiazoles/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Línea Celular Tumoral , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Ratones Desnudos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is trending to be a major health problem throughout the world. Therapeutics with dual modes of action have shown latent capacity to create ideal anti-tumor activity. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been proved to be a potential target for the development of anti-colon cancer drug. In addition, modulation of tumor redox homeostasis through deploying exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS)-enhancing agents has been widely applied as anti-tumor strategy. Thus, simultaneously targeting STAT3 and modulation ROS balance would offer a fresh avenue to combat CRC. In this work, we designed and synthesized a novel series of isoxazole-fused quinones, which were evaluated for their preliminary anti-proliferative activity against HCT116 cells. Among these quinones, compound 41 exerted excellent in vitro anti-tumor effect against HCT116 cell line with an IC50 value of 10.18 ± 0.4 nM. Compound 41 was proved to bind to STAT3 by using Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI) assay, and can significantly inhibit phosphorylation of STAT3. It also elevated ROS of HCT116 cells by acting as a substrate of NQO1. Mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest, which was caused by compound 41, might be partially due to the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and ROS production induced by 41. Moreover, it exhibited ideal anti-tumor activity in human colorectal cancer xenograft model and good safety profiles in vivo. Overall, this study provided a novel quinone derivative 41 with excellent anti-tumor activity by inhibiting STAT3 and elevating ROS level, and gave insights into designing novel anti-tumor therapeutics by simultaneously modulation of STAT3 and ROS.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Apoptosis , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Isoxazoles , Quinonas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Factor de Transcripción STAT3 , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Animales , Isoxazoles/farmacología , Isoxazoles/química , Isoxazoles/síntesis química , Quinonas/farmacología , Quinonas/química , Quinonas/síntesis química , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Estructura Molecular , Ratones , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Células HCT116 , Ratones Desnudos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The increase in antimicrobial resistance leads to complications in treatments, prolonged hospitalization, and increased mortality. Glabridin (GLA) is a hydroxyisoflavan from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. that exhibits multiple pharmacological activities. Colistin (COL), a last-resort antibiotic, is increasingly being used in clinic against Gram-negative bacteria. Previous reports have shown that GLA is able to sensitize first line antibiotics such as norfloxacin and vancomycin on Staphylococcus aureus, implying that the use of GLA as an antibiotic adjuvant is a promising strategy for addressing the issue of drug resistance. However, the adjuvant effect on other antibiotics, especially COL, on Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli has not been studied. PURPOSE: The objective of our study was to investigate the targets of GLA and the synergistic effect of GLA and COL in E. coli, and to provide further evidence for the use of GLA as an antibiotic adjuvant to alleviate the problem of drug resistance. METHODS: We first investigated the interaction between GLA and enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, also called "FabI", through enzyme inhibition assay, differential scanning fluorimetry, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular docking assay. We tested the transmembrane capacity of GLA on its own and combined it with several antibiotics. The antimicrobial activities of GLA and COL were evaluated against six different susceptible and resistant E. coli in vitro. Their interactions were analyzed using checkerboard assay, time-kill curve and CompuSyn software. A series of sensitivity tests was conducted in E. coli overexpressing the fabI gene. The development of COL resistance in the presence of GLA was tested. The antimicrobial efficacy of GLA and COL in a mouse model of urinary tract infection was assessed. The anti-biofilm effects of GLA and COL were investigated. RESULTS: In this study, enzyme kinetic analysis and thermal analysis provided evidence for the interaction between GLA and FabI in E. coli. GLA enhanced the antimicrobial effect of COL and synergistically suppressed six different susceptible and resistant E. coli with COL. Overexpression experiments showed that targeted inhibition of FabI was a key mechanism by which GLA synergistically enhanced COL activity. The combination of GLA and COL slowed the development of COL resistance in E. coli. Combined GLA and COL treatment significantly reduced bacterial load and mitigated urinary tract injury in a mouse model of E. coli urinary tract infection. Additionally, GLA + COL inhibited the formation and eradication of biofilms and the synthesis of curli. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that GLA synergistically enhances antimicrobial activities of COL by targeting inhibition of FabI in E. coli. GLA is expected to continue to be developed as an antibiotic adjuvant to address drug resistance issues.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Colistina , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Escherichia coli , Isoflavonas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Fenoles , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Colistina/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Fenoles/farmacología , Ratones , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/tratamiento farmacológico , Glycyrrhiza/químicaRESUMEN
The activation of Homo sapiens Casein lysing protease P (HsClpP) by a chemical or genetic strategy has been proved to be a new potential therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, limited efficacy has been achieved with classic agonist imipridone ONC201. Here, a novel class of HsClpP agonists is designed and synthesized using a ring-opening strategy based on the lead compound 1 reported in our previous study. Among these novel scaffold agonists, compound 7k exhibited remarkably enhanced proteolytic activity of HsClpP (EC50 = 0.79 ± 0.03 µM) and antitumor activity in vitro (IC50 = 0.038 ± 0.003 µM). Moreover, the intraperitoneal administration of compound 7k markedly suppressed tumor growth in Mv4-11 xenograft models, achieving a tumor growth inhibition rate of 88%. Concurrently, 7k displayed advantageous pharmacokinetic properties in vivo. This study underscores the promise of compound 7k as a significant HsClpP agonist and an antileukemia drug candidate, warranting further exploration for AML treatment.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Diseño de Fármacos , Endopeptidasa Clp , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Humanos , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Endopeptidasa Clp/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Desnudos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
With a growing number of covalent drugs securing FDA approval as successful therapies across various indications, particularly in the realm of cancer treatment, the covalent modulating strategy is undergoing a resurgence. The renewed interest in covalent bioactive compounds has captured significant attention from both the academic and biopharmaceutical industry sectors. Covalent chemistry presents several advantages over traditional noncovalent proximity-induced drugs, including heightened potency, reduced molecular size, and the ability to target "undruggable" entities. Within this perspective, we have compiled a comprehensive overview of current covalent modalities applied to proximity-induced molecules, delving into their advantages and drawbacks. Our aim is to stimulate more profound insights and ideas within the scientific community, guiding future research endeavors in this dynamic field.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Desarrollo de Medicamentos , Estructura Molecular , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/químicaRESUMEN
The high lethality of Staphylococcus aureus infections and the emergence of antibiotic resistance make the development of new antibiotics urgent. Our previous work identified a hit compound h1 (AF-353) as a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor. Herein, we analyzed the antimicrobial profile of h1 and performed a comprehensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) assay based on h1. The representative compound j9 exhibited potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus without cross-resistance to other antimicrobial classes. Multiple genetic and biochemical approaches showed that j9 directly binds to SaDHFR, resulting in strong inhibition of its enzymatic activity (IC50 = 0.97 nM). Additionally, j9 had an acceptable in vivo safety profile and oral bioavailability (F = 40.7%) and also showed favorable efficacy in a mouse model of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) skin infection. Collectively, these findings identified j9 as a novel SaDHFR inhibitor with the potential to combat drug-resistant S. aureus infections.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas del Ácido Fólico , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Éteres Fenílicos , Pirimidinas , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Animales , Ratones , Staphylococcus aureus , Antagonistas del Ácido Fólico/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
Homo sapiens caseinolytic protease P (HsClpP) activation is a promising strategy for colon cancer treatment. In this study, CCG1423 was identified as a selective activator of HsClpP. After optimization, NCA029 emerged as the most potent compound, with an EC50 of 0.2 µM against HsClpP. Molecular dynamics revealed that the affinity of NCA029 for the YYW aromatic network is crucial for its selectivity toward HsClpP. Furthermore, NCA029 displayed favorable pharmacokinetics and safety profiles and significantly inhibited tumor growth in HCT116 xenografts, resulting in 83.6% tumor inhibition. Mechanistically, NCA029 targeted HsClpP, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and activating the ATF3-dependent integrated stress response, ultimately causing cell death in colorectal adenocarcinoma. These findings highlight NCA029 as an effective HsClpP activator with potential for colon cancer therapy.