RESUMEN
Viral infections are some of the most common sources of respiratory illness in pediatric and adult populations worldwide. Influenza and coronaviruses are viral pathogens that could lead to severe respiratory illness and death. More recently, respiratory illness from coronaviruses, accounts for more than 1 million deaths in the United States alone. This article will explore the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2, and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT: This article describes drugs used in primary care that could alter patients' risk for and severity of COVID-19. The risks and benefits of each drug class were differentiated according to the strength of evidence from 58 selected randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Most of the studies reported on drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Other classes included opioids, acid suppressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, vitamins, biguanides, and statins. Current evidence has not fully differentiated drugs that may increase risk versus benefits in COVID-19 infection. Further studies are needed in this area.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Humanos , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina , Corticoesteroides/efectos adversos , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Atención Primaria de SaludRESUMEN
The worldwide incidence of melanoma has risen rapidly in the past 50 years and is a considerable public health burden in the United States, with significant financial implications. Studies have demonstrated the potential anticarcinogenic effects of antihypertensive agents, specifically beta-blockers, in patients with prostate cancer, breast cancer, and lately cutaneous malignant melanoma. This article explores the empirical clinical evidence of propranolol's anticarcinogenic effects on melanoma and the chemoprotective mechanisms of beta-blockers and other agents that have been used to modify melanoma progression.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapéutico , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/prevención & control , Propranolol/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Progresión de la Enfermedad , HumanosRESUMEN
The sleep architecture (or sleep kinetics) of schizophrenia is different from that of other mental illnesses, including major depressive disorder. However, clinicians rarely consider these parameters in clinical settings during treatment. This article discusses the use of polysomnography to characterize the sleeping patterns of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and the positive influence of clozapine on sleep in patients with schizophrenia.
Asunto(s)
Esquizofrenia/terapia , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Sueño/fisiología , Antipsicóticos/farmacología , Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Clozapina/farmacología , Clozapina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Polisomnografía , Sueño/efectos de los fármacos , Fases del Sueño/efectos de los fármacos , Fases del Sueño/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Medical errors associated with low-dose methotrexate may be life-threatening. Prescribers should be cognizant of the medication's toxicities and the persistent challenges in preventing adverse events. This article reviews the properties of methotrexate and its common drug-drug interactions. Best practices from the Institute for Safe Medication Practices, aimed at reducing methotrexate errors, are highlighted.