Ambient particulate matter-associated autophagy alleviates pulmonary inflammation induced by Platanus pollen protein 3 (Pla3).

Subpollen particles (SPPs) with diameter less than 1 mm released from allergenic pollen grains contain allergens could trigger asthma and lung inflammation after being inhaled. In the meaning time, ambient fine particles attached on the pollen grains could have further effects on the inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying these phenomena have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the effects of autophagy triggered by PM2.5 and Platanus SPPs were evaluated by using the A549 cell lines and a pollen sensitized rat model. First, autophagy in A549 cells was analyzed after exposure to PM2.5 using acridine orange staining, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and western blot (WB) assays. The increased levels of ROS, superoxide dismutase, and malonaldehyde in the lung homogenates of rats exposed to SPPs indicated that inflammatory response was triggered in the lungs. Treatment with autophagy-inhibiting drugs showed that autophagy suppressed ROS formation and decreased the production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a critical pathway altering the inflammatory response. Although the effect was indirect, autophagy appeared to negatively regulate TSLP levels, resulting in a compromised immune response. These results suggested that SPPs promote ROS generation and increase TSLP levels, triggering downstream inflammation reactions. However, ambient PM2.5 could aggravate autophagy, which in turn effectively suppressed ROS and TSLP levels, leading to the alleviation of the immune response and pulmonary inflammation.

Clinical analysis of hereditary thrombocytopenia in 5 children and literature review / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To understand the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of children with hereditary thrombocytopenia (HT).Methods:The clinical data of 5 patients with HT in the Hematology and Oncology Department of Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from August 2015 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of HT were discussed by reviewing relevant literatures.Results:Five patients included 3 boys and 2 girls.The median age at onset of 4 years and 2 months old and the median age at diagnose was 4 years and 4 months old.All patients presented with the thrombocytopenia, among which 4 cases were macrothrombocytopenia and 1 case was normothrombocytopenia.The main clinical presentations of 5 patients were skin petechiae and ecchymoses.Four cases were initially misdiagnosed as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and received the glucocorticoid and immunoglobulin, while the therapeutic effect was not satisfactory.The gene sequencing confirmed MYH9 gene mutation(c.3493C>T), MYH9 gene mutation(c.5878G>A), NBEAL2 gene compound heterozygous mutation(c.295C>T; c.4169C>T), GP1BA gene mutation(c.1761A>C), and ANKRD26 gene mutation(c.5123A>G), in 5 patients respectively. Conclusions:HT should be suspected among those with recurrent isolated thrombocytopenia and no response to the ITP regimen, and the early gene screening is of great significance to the patients′ treatment and prognosis.

Subpollens delivery of Platanus acerifolia pollen allergen Pla a3 and nucleic acid into lungs and cells.

Pollen allergy is a very serious seasonal respiratory disease. However, there has been a lack of understanding how pollen allergens enter the body and act on cells. This study focused on the release, transport and characteristic of Pla a3 allergen of the Platanus acerifolia pollen. Pla a3 protein was purified by prokaryotic expression system for preparation of polyclonal antibody. The distribution and release of Pla a3 protein in pollen were observed by immunohistochemistry. Mice were immunized with purified Pla a3 protein and SPPs, respectively. The pathological examination of mouse lung tissue proved that SPPs, as a fine particle in the range of 0.1-1µm, can enter the deep part of the lung directly through the respiratory tract and led to inflammation. Furthermore, DAPI staining confirmed a certain amount of nucleic acids in SPPs. After incubation with SPPs for 6 h, the Pla a3 mRNA could be detected in A549 cells by PCR. This suggests that nucleic acid wrapped in SPPs could be delivered into A549 cells. These results could provide a new clue and experimental data accumulation for further study on the mechanism of pollen sensitization.

Relationship between Alzheimer's disease and mitochondria coenzyme II Gene.

We aimed to investigate the relevance between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and gene mutations of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit III (COX3) and coenzyme II (ND2), and to provide genetic markers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and further provide some feasible basis for preventive treatment. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used, and genotypes and gene frequencies were detected in 60 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), who meet the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria (AD group), 10 AD families and 60 normal old people (control group). (1) Gene variation on nt5460 gene locus of mitochondria ND2 of the patient group is G→A, and the variation rate is 13.3%, P=0.006 < 0.05. Gene variation G→A of the patient group perfomred statistical significance. (2) In the families, it is also found that in the gene variation of G→A, the variation rate is 33.3%, P > 0.05. There is obvious gene variation in the families, but this variation does not perform statistical significance. (3) There is no gene variation on nt9861 gene locus of mitochondria COX3 of the patient group. Gene variation of T→C is not found both in the patient group and the control group. There is possible a gene mutation of G→A on nt5460 gene locus of mitochondria ND2 of the AD patients. Although gene mutation of G→A is found in the families, it performed no statistical significance. At the same time, it is found that there is no relation between AD patients and Gene variation of T→C on nt9861 gene locus of mitochondria COX3.

Current situation of Health Policy and System Research and personnel training focuses in Chi-nese universities / 中国卫生政策研究

Objectives:This study aims to provide a full picture of how Health Policy and Systems Research ( HPSR) in Chinese universities. Based on the current situation, analysis of problems and challenges of the HPSR capacity has been conducted and suggestions on personnel training have been proposed. Methods: Quantitative sur-veys and qualitative interviews have been conducted among personnel engaged in HPSR from 8 representative univer-sities. Results:Most HPSR researchers in the universities are young, of which 75. 26% have doctorates and the ma-jority is trained in health care management and public health sciences. Among the current HPSR projects, health in-formation and evidence is the main research direction in this field, and both the capital investment and attention of re-searchers are high. However, research resources and funding are still currently focused on senior researchers, with limited efforts to support young scholars. HPSR has interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary characteristics, but cur-rently the collaboration among institutions and individuals is relatively limited. In addition, only 5. 81% of undertak-en HPSR projects have been translated into health policy. Discussion and Suggestions:HPSR researchers in Chinese universities are not sufficient and have similar backgrounds, resulting in limited collaboration. Investment in HPSR projects is still shallow and young researchers are vulnerable in acquiring funding resources. The ability to translate research results into policy is weak. Therefore, this paper suggests to mainstream undergraduate and postgraduate teaching, enhance the training, funding and technical support for young researchers, and to establish the mechanism of dissemination of research findings and their translation into policy.

Investigation of Vagrant Psychosis Patients in Xi'an / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the total number, reasons, and distributing characteristics of vagrant psychosis patients in Xi'an. Methods The colony random sample in 4 objective research units from 2005 to 2010 in Xi'an, Shaanxi were included. Databank was set up according to the total number of vagrant psychosis patients based on basic information. Grading statistics was used. Results Total number of vagrant psychosis patients and salvation needs increased year by year in Xi'an. Home return and social assistance were the main approaches for distributing characteristics of medical assistance. Conclusion The total number of vagrant psychosis patients is relative large. Such number is increasing year by year in Xi'an. A better treatment and diagnostic system for vagrant psychosis patients should be set up governmentally as quickly as possible.

Severe diseases security for rural juveniles in Qinghai / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To investigate the status quo of the assurance and subsidy for severe diseases acquired by juvenile in rural areas in Qinghai, and provide evidences for building a subsidy system for such population. Methods Quantitative surveys were made to collect data on medical expenses and the compensation practice for such expenses for severe diseases of juvenile in the area, for a knowledge of the present medication and disease load in question; specialists in two hospitals were interviewed to learn the present treatnents for such a population, and their expenditures in case of such diseases. Results Juveniles in rural Qinghai rely on the new rural cooperative medical scheme, under which however the reimbursement rate was only 26% ～35%. Families with juvenile patients of severe diseases were found to suffer heavy burdens. As a result, a high percentage of the patients give up treatment. To make things worse, as only two hospitals in the provincial capital city can provide professional treatment for children with severe diseases, rural children have to pay heavy indirect costs other than medication such as heavy travel expenses. Conclusion It is critical to build a medical assurance system for juvenile with severe diseases. It is also imperative to build and strengthen the capacity of medical centers for such a population in Qinghai, and upgrade the diagnosis and treatment competence of local health providers, ensuring adequate medical resources for juvenile with severe diseases upon joint development of both healthcare providers and the medical insurance system.

Inhibition effect of 1-methyl-tryptophan on transplant hepatocellular carcinoma growth in mice subcutaneous / 中华肝胆外科杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect of 1-methyl-tryptophan (1-MT) on transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma in mice.MethodsHuman hepatocellular carcinoma subcutaneous tumor models were established in mice,and the mice were divided into hepG2 group,empty plasmid group,indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) saline group,IDO) 5-fluoropyrimidine (5-FU) group,IDO 1-MT group,and the group combining IDO 1-MT with 5-FU treatment (n=8 in each group).The tumor growth,tumor volume and pathological examination were observed and the expression of IDO in tumor tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry.ResultsCompared with hepG2 and the empty vector saline groups,IDO saline group had bigger tumor,faster growth,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Compared with IDO saline group,5-FU group,1-MT group and combination treatment groups showed smaller tumor volume and weight,and the tumor inhibitory rates were 86.54％,79.95％,94.46％,respectively.There were significant differences between these groups (P＜0.05).However,there were no significant differences in tumor volumes between 5-FU group and 1-MT group (P＞0.05).HE pathological observation of ceils in each treatment group showed reduced density,increased necrotic area and significant decrease in peripheral blood alpha-fetoprotein (P＜0.05).ConclusionsIDO can promote the growth of liver cancer cells involved in immune escape.1-MT can inhibit the transplanted tumor growth in mice,and therefore may enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy.

Detection of Artifical Antigen for Cd by Fluorescence Spectrometry / 分析化学

Artificial antigen Cd-IEDTA-BSA (HSA) was successfully synthesized by the bifunctional chelating agent IEDTA (isothiocyanobenzylethyl enediamine tetraacetic acid) coupling with cadmium and protein carrier. The fluorescence characteristics of antigen were determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry and the coupling ratio 11∶ 1-16∶ 1 was obtained for the coupling reaction. The folding status of serum albumin during the synthesis process of artificial antigen Cd-IEDTA-BSA (HSA) was analyzed using "fluorescence phase diagram", and the result shows that it was conformed to the "all-or-none" pattern. The polarization fluorescence spectra show that the microenvironments of tryptophan residues in carrier protein have some changes to cause changes in protein conformation.

Study of Anxiety and Depression among Breast Cancer Patients and Psychological Ethical Intervention / 中国医学伦理学

Objective To explore the discrepancy of anxiety and depression between breast cancer patients and general population,to provide reference for psychological ethical intervention.Methods Breast cancer patients and general population admitted randomly from October.2008 to April.2009 were assessed according to Self-reporting inventory,Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS).Patients with breast cancer were come into the study group(n=100) and general population come into the control group(n=100),and then psychological ethical intervention was provided to each group.Results The Morbidity of anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients is much higher than that in the general population(P