RESUMEN
We report the generation of a novel anti-LAG-3/TIGIT bispecific IgG4 antibody, ZGGS15, and evaluated its anti-tumor efficacy in mouse models as monotherapy or in combination with a PD-1 antibody. ZGGS15 exhibited strong affinities for human LAG-3 and TIGIT, with KDs of 3.05 nM and 2.65 nM, respectively. ZGGS15 has EC50s of 0.69 nM and 1.87 nM for binding to human LAG-3 and TIGIT on CHO-K1 cells, respectively. ZGGS15 competitively inhibited the binding of LAG-3 to MHC-II (IC50 = 0.77 nM) and the binding of TIGIT to CD155 (IC50 = 0.24 nM). ZGGS15 does not induce ADCC, CDC, or obvious cytokine production. In vivo results showed that ZGGS15 had better anti-tumor inhibition than single anti-LAG-3 or anti-TIGIT agents and demonstrated a synergistic effect when combined with nivolumab, with a significantly higher tumor growth inhibition of 95.80% (p = 0.001). The tumor volume inhibition rate for ZGGS15 at 2 mg/kg was 69.70%, and for ZGGS15 at 5 mg/kg plus nivolumab at 1 mg/kg, it was 94.03% (p < 0.001). Our data reveal that ZGGS15 exhibits potent anti-tumor efficacy without eliciting ADCC or CDC or causing cytokine production, therefore having a safe profile.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Biespecíficos , Proteína del Gen 3 de Activación de Linfocitos , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1 , Receptores Inmunológicos , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Anticuerpos Biespecíficos/farmacología , Anticuerpos Biespecíficos/uso terapéutico , Antígenos CD/inmunología , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células CHO , Cricetulus , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/farmacología , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/inmunología , Receptores Inmunológicos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores Inmunológicos/metabolismo , Receptores Inmunológicos/inmunología , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Directly targeted KRAS inhibitors are now facing resistance problems, which might be partially solved by the combination of SOS1 inhibitors with KRAS inhibitors. However, this combination may still have some resistance mitigation potential. Comparatively, SOS1 PROTAC may have promising applications in addressing the drug resistance problem by degrading the SOS1 protein. Herein, we report the discovery of novel SOS1 PROTACs and their antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies demonstrated that degrader 4 had strong inhibitory effects on the proliferation of NCI-H358 cells with IC50 of 5 nM, together with significant degradation of SOS1 protein with DC50 of 13 nM. In the NCI-H358 xenograft model, degrader 4 exhibited significant antitumor activities with TGITV values of 58.8% at 30 mg/kg bid. The PK and safety profiles also supported degrader 4 for further studies as an effective tool compound.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras) , Proteína SOS1 , Humanos , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Proyectos de Investigación , ProteolisisRESUMEN
Diarylureas are widely used in self-assembly and supramolecular chemistry owing to their outstanding characteristics as both H-bond donors and acceptors. Unfortunately, this bonding property is rarely applied in the development of urea-containing drugs. Herein, seven related dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) complexes were screened from 12 substrates involving sorafenib and regorafenib, mainly considering the substitution effect following a robust procedure. All complexes were structurally confirmed by spectroscopic means and thermal analysis. Specially, five cocrystals with three deuterated, named sorafenib·DMSO, donafenib·DMSO, deuregorafenib·DMSO, 6·DMSO, and 7·DMSO were obtained. The crystal structures revealed that all host molecules consistently bonded with DMSO in intermolecular interaction in a 1:1 stoichiometry. However, further comparison with documented DMSO complexes and parent motifs presented some arrangement diversities especially for 6·DMSO which offered a counter-example to previous rules. Major changes in the orientation of meta-substituents and the packing stability for sorafenib·DMSO and deuregorafenib·DMSO were rationalized by theory analysis and computational energy calculation. Cumulative data implied that the planarization of two aryl planes in diarylureas may play a crucial role in cocrystallization. Also, a polymorph study bridged the transformation between these ureas and their DMSO complexes.
RESUMEN
Background: Jaktinib is a novel selective janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor. The phase I first-in-human study evaluated the tolerance and pharmacokinetics of jaktinib in healthy Chinese subjects. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study were designed. A total of 126 healthy subjects were enrolled into the single ascending dose, multiple ascending dose and food effect study. Safety endpoints included adverse events, abnormal vital signs, 12-lead ECGs, abdominal ultrasound, chest x-ray, physical examination and clinical laboratory tests. Blood, urine and feces samples were collected at predetermined time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of jaktinib, the metabolites ZG0244 and ZG0245, which are formed by oxidation or hydrolysis metabolic pathway, respectively. Results: Jaktinib was absorbed with a median time to peak plasma concentration of 1.25-3.5 h and was eliminated with a half-life of 2.952-9.040 h. Linear pharmacokinetic characteristic was presented over the dose range from 25 to 400 mg. No obvious accumulation was observed after multiple doses for 10 days. Administration after a high-fat breakfast significantly increased the absorption of jaktinib. The accumulated fraction of jaktinib and the determined metabolites excreted in urine and feces was 19.478%. Jaktinib was well tolerated in all single dose cohorts. In multiple dose cohorts, 200 mg q24 h method was evaluated as maximally tolerated dose. Neutropenia, diarrhea, dizziness and headache were the most frequently reported treatment related adverse events. No deaths, serious or Grade ≥4 adverse events was developed. Conclusion: Jaktinib was well tolerated when single dose ranging from 25 to 400 mg and multiple dose up to 200 mg q24 h. The safety and pharmacokinetic characteristics support the next trial in myelofibrosis patients.
RESUMEN
SGLT2 inhibitors deuterated at sites susceptible to oxidative metabolism were found to have a slightly longer tmax and half-life (t1/2), dose-dependent increase in urinary glucose excretion (UGE) in rats, and slightly superior effects on UGE in dogs while retaining similar in vitro inhibitory activities against hSGLT2. In particular, deuterated compound 41 has the potential to be a robust long-acting antidiabetic agent.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Glicósidos/química , Glicósidos/farmacología , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Animales , Glicósidos/síntesis química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transportador 2 de Sodio-Glucosa , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de ElectrosprayRESUMEN
A series of C-aryl glucosides with various substituents at the 4'-position of the distal aryl ring have been synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of hSGLT1 and hSGLT2. Introduction of alkyl or alkoxy substituents at the 4'-position was found to improve SGLT2 potency, whereas introduction of a hydrophilic group at this position was deleterious. Compounds with alkoxy-, cycloalkoxy- or cycloalkenyloxy-ethoxy scaffolds exhibited good inhibitory activity and high selectivity toward SGLT2. Selected compounds were investigated for in vivo efficacy.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucósidos/química , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Glucósidos/síntesis química , Glucósidos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/síntesis química , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Transportador 1 de Sodio-Glucosa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Transportador 1 de Sodio-Glucosa/metabolismo , Transportador 2 de Sodio-Glucosa/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is a renal type III integral membrane protein that co-transports sodium and glucose from filtrate to epithelium in the proximal tubule. Human subjects with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in SLC5A2 exhibit glucosuria without hypoglycemia or other obvious morbidity, suggesting that blockade of SGLT2 has the potential to promote normalization of blood glucose without hypoglycemia in the setting of type 2 diabetes. This report presents the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities of EGT1442, a recently discovered SGLT2 inhibitor in the C-aryl glucoside class. The inhibitory effects of EGT1442 for human SGLT1 and SGLT2 were evaluated in an AMG uptake assay and the in vivo efficacy of treatment with EGT1442 was investigated in rats and dogs after a single dose and in db/db mice after chronic administration. The effect of EGT1442 on median survival of SHRSP rats was also evaluated. The IC(50) values for EGT1442 against human SGLT1 and SGLT2 are 5.6µM and 2nM, respectively. In normal rats and dogs a saturable urinary glucose excretion was produced with an ED(50) of 0.38 and 0.09mg/kg, respectively. Following chronic administration to db/db mice, EGT1442 dose-dependently reduced HbA(1c) and blood glucose concentration without affecting body mass or insulin level. Additionally, EGT1442 significantly prolonged the median survival of SHRSP rats. EGT1442 showed favorable properties both in vitro and in vivo and could be beneficial to the management of type 2 diabetic patients.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Perros , Electrólitos/orina , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Glucosuria/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transportador 1 de Sodio-Glucosa/metabolismo , Transportador 2 de Sodio-Glucosa/metabolismoRESUMEN
A series of 2-substituted C-aryl glucosides have been synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of hSGLT1 and hSGLT2. Introduction of an appropriate ortho substituent at the proximal phenyl ring adjacent to the glycosidic bond was found to improve SGLT2 inhibitory activity and dramatically increase selectivity for hSGLT2 over hSGLT1. Selected compounds were investigated for in vivo efficacy.
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Glucósidos/química , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Línea Celular , Glucósidos/síntesis química , Glucósidos/farmacología , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/síntesis química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Transportador 1 de Sodio-Glucosa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Transportador 1 de Sodio-Glucosa/metabolismo , Transportador 2 de Sodio-Glucosa/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadAsunto(s)
Glucósidos/química , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Compuestos de Espiro/química , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucósidos/síntesis química , Glucósidos/farmacocinética , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/síntesis química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacocinética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transportador 1 de Sodio-Glucosa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Transportador 1 de Sodio-Glucosa/metabolismo , Transportador 2 de Sodio-Glucosa/metabolismo , Compuestos de Espiro/síntesis química , Compuestos de Espiro/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
A series of novel O-spiroketal C-arylglucosides have been prepared and evaluated in cell-based functional assays for activity against human sodium-dependent glucose co-transporters 1 and 2 (SGLT1 and 2). The core spiro[isobenzofuran-1,2'-pyran] structure proved to be an effective scaffold for diversification and a number of compounds with single digit nanomolar potency and high selectivity have been synthesized. Compound 5a promoted glucosuria when administered in vivo in rats and produced a significant blood glucose reduction effect.
Asunto(s)
Benzofuranos/química , Glucósidos/química , Piranos/química , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Compuestos de Espiro/química , Animales , Benzofuranos/farmacología , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Glucósidos/farmacología , Glucosuria/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Piranos/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Compuestos de Espiro/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Two series of O-spiro C-aryl glucosides were synthesized and tested for inhibition of hSGLT1 and hSGLT2. 6'-O-Spiro C-aryl glucosides exhibited potent in vitro hSGLT2 inhibitory activity but 2'-O-spiro C-aryl glucosides showed no in vitro hSGLT2 inhibitory activity at a screening concentration of 1microM.