[Chronic course of latent urogenital tuberculosis].

This is a case report of an elderly patient with urogenital tuberculosis and concurrent tuberculosis of peripheral inguinal lymph nodes. The disease manifested by a fistulous form of inguinal lymphadenitis for 10 years and spread to the kidneys and genitals, but the patient did not seek medical attention. Changes on the glans penis prompted him to consult dermatovenereologist. Due to ineffective treatment and uncovering the scar in the inguinal area the patient was send to an anti-tuberculosis institution, where he was diagnosed with tuberculosis involving the kidneys, prostate, epididymis, penis, inguinal lymph nodes. The patient had a history of a contact with the patient with respiratory tuberculosis. Treatment with antituberculosis drugs produced a positive effect.

A precise optical determination of nanoscale diameters of semiconductor nanowires.

Electrical and optical properties of semiconducting nanowires (NWs) strongly depend on their diameters. Therefore, a precise knowledge of their diameters is essential for any kind of device integration. Here, we present an optical method based on dark field optical microscopy to easily determine the diameters of individual NWs with an accuracy of a few nanometers and thus a relative error of less than 10%. The underlying physical principle of this method is that strong Mie resonances dominate the optical scattering spectra of most semiconducting NWs and can thus be exploited. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated using GaAs NWs but it should be applicable to most types of semiconducting NWs as well. Dark field optical microscopy shows that even slight tapering of the NWs, i.e. diameter variations of a few nanometers, can be detected by a visible color change. Abrupt diameter changes of a few nanometers, as they occur for example when growth conditions vary, can be determined as well. In addition a profound analysis of the elastic scattering properties of individual GaAs NWs is presented theoretically using Mie calculations as well as experimentally by dark field microscopy. This method has the advantage that no vacuum technique is needed, a fast and reliable analysis is possible based on cheap standard hardware.

Optical properties of heavily doped GaAs nanowires and electroluminescent nanowire structures.

We present GaAs electroluminescent nanowire structures fabricated by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. Electroluminescent structures were realized in both axial pn-junctions in single GaAs nanowires and free-standing nanowire arrays with a pn-junction formed between nanowires and substrate, respectively. The electroluminescence emission peak from single nanowire pn-junctions at 10 K was registered at an energy of around 1.32 eV and shifted to 1.4 eV with an increasing current. The line is attributed to the recombination in the compensated region present in the nanowire due to the memory effect of the vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism. Arrayed nanowire electroluminescent structures with a pn-junction formed between nanowires and substrate demonstrated at 5 K a strong electroluminescence peak at 1.488 eV and two shoulder peaks at 1.455 and 1.519 eV. The main emission line was attributed to the recombination in the p-doped GaAs. The other two lines correspond to the tunneling-assisted photon emission and band-edge recombination in the abrupt junction, respectively. Electroluminescence spectra are compared with the micro-photoluminescence spectra taken along the single p-, n- and single nanowire pn-junctions to find the origin of the electroluminescence peaks, the distribution of doping species and the sharpness of the junctions.

[Efficiency of lymphotropic intermittent chemotherapy in the complex treatment of patients with progressive pulmonary tuberculosis].

The study has established that during a progressive tuberculous process, immunological changes appear as significant increased proinflammatory cytokine production that leads to progressive destructive processes in the lung parenchymal lesion areas. Inclusion of lymphotrophic chemoimmunotherapy with roncoleukin into the complex therapy of patients with progressive pulmonary tuberculosis permits the optimization of the results of treatment in patients with progressive pulmonary tuberculosis due to the target delivery of antituberculous and immunoactive agents.

[Prevention of neuro- and cardiotoxic side effects of tuberculosis chemotherapy with noopept].

The study evaluated clinical efficiency of noopept used to prevent adverse side effects of antituberculous agents. It included 60 patients with newly diagnosed respiratory tuberculosis. Those in group 1 (n = 30) received 10 mg of noopept twice daily during the first month. The treatment promoted functional normalization of vegetative nervous system and antioxidative systems, reduced manifestations of anxiety, decreased frequency of adverse neuro- and cardiotoxic responses to antituberculous drugs.

[Antibiotic-associated diarrheas in phthisiatric care: standardization of their diagnosis, treatment, prevention, examination of health care quality].

The authors propose a phthisiological care-adjusted standard of the diagnosis, treatment, prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. They have developed a standard-driven algorithm of expert assessment of the quality of medical aid to this group of patients.

[Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis in persons over 60 years of age].

To study the specific features of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis and its treatment efficiency in patients over 60 years, the authors analyzed case histories of 80 patients who were divided into 2 groups: 1) 40 patients aged 60 years or more and 2) 40 patients aged 18 to 50 years. The types of adaptive reactions (L. Kh. Garkavi et al., 1977) and those of the body's responsiveness (N. A. Brazhenko, 1987) were studied; the leukocytic shift index (N. I. Yabluchansky, et al., 1983) was calculated. The efficiency of treatment was evaluated from the results of control bacteriological and X-ray studies conducted after 2-, 5-, and 8-month drug therapy. The persons over 60 years of age were significantly more frequently (p < 0.05) diagnosed as having concomitant diseases (mainly coronary heart disease (65%), arterial hypertension (50%), chronic bronchitis (50%), atherosclerosis of central and peripheral arteries (35%), and adverse reactions caused by antituberculous drugs (75% versus 40%; among them there were prevalent neurotoxic and cardiotoxic reactions). Despite the fact that the results of treatment in this group of patients did not differ from those in young persons, which may be attributable to better compliance in patients above 60 years of age.

[Fasting diet therapy in gastrointestinal tract diseases].

The article is devoted to an effective not medicamentous method of therapy--to the medical starvation. Indications and contra-indications to carrying out of medical starvation are given. Own results of use of medical starvation are resulted at diseases of bodies of digestion. Practical recommendations on applications of medical starvation for patients with diseases of bodies of a gastroenteric path are submitted.

[Adverse neurotoxic reactions of chemotherapy for tuberculosis and their treatment].

A hundred and sixty-five first detected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, receiving routine chemotherapy regimens were followed up for 4 months. Neurotoxic reactions of the central and peripheral nervous systems, which required isoniasid discontinuation, were developed in 13.3 and 11.5% of the patients, respectively. Therapy for neurotoxic reactions used cortexin in the study group (n = 22) and gamma or vitamins B in combination with glutaminic acid in the control group (n = 19). Cortexin used in the therapy of neurotoxic reactions produced a beneficial effect and permitted 90.9% of the patients to continue to use isoniazid while 42.2% of the controls resumed using isoniazid.

[Connective tissue metabolic parameters in differential diagnosis of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia in patients with signs of connective tissue dysplasia]. / Pokazateli metabolizma soedinitel'noi tkani v differentsial'noi diagnostike infil'trativnogo tuberkuleza legkikh i pnevmonii u patsientov s priznakami displazii soedinitel'noi tkani.

Connective tissue dysplasia is a systemic process that modifies the clinical picture and course of an acquired pathology. To search additional criteria for differential diagnosis, connective tissue metabolic parameters were studied in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis and nosocomial pneumonia. A significant excess of the parameters of free urinary oxyproline and serum glycosaminoglycans was found in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis.

[Feasibility of implementation of guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndrome in cardiac unit of a community hospital]. / Vozmozhnosti primeneniia sovremennykh rekomendatsii po lecheniiu ostrykh koronarnykh sindromov v infarktnom otdelenii gorodskoi bol'nitsy.

AIM: To assess feasibility of implementation of Guidelines of Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC) on the management of non ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (adaptation of Guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology) in an ordinary noninvasive community hospital. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of inhospital management of 266 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST elevation admitted to coronary unit of a community hospital in January-July, 2001. MATERIAL AND RESULTS: Main characteristics of the group: mean age 69 years (34% >75 years), men - 56%, history of myocardial infarction - 38%, hypertension - 67%, diabetes - 23%, pain at rest as an index event - 98%, symptoms duration exceeding 20 min - 61%, ECG changes - 87% (42% ST deviation), signs of left ventricular failure - 14%. Myocardial infarction as index event was diagnosed in 32% of pts by serial measurement of total CK activity. There were no angiographies or revascularizations during hospital stay (20-/+6 days) because of absence of catheterization facilities. Medical treatment: antiplatelet agents - 99% (98% - aspirin) of patients; proportion of patients treated with heparins - 83% (low molecular weight heparins - 18,5%). Most of the patients received b-blockers (79%) and nitrates (78%). Use of calcium channel blockers was relatively low (15%). Few patients (20%) received statins. Inhospital rate of death and nonfatal myocardial infarction was 3,5% i 3%, respectively. Rate of chest pain recurrence was high (38% overall, 26% with ischemic ST-T ECG changes) and at least partially could be explained by the lack of invasive interventions. CONCLUSION: Management of patients with non ST elevation ACS in coronary unit of a community hospital during the period surveyed in this study was in line with corresponding RSC guidelines (as related to noninvasive treatment) except duration of hospitalization. This was associated with acceptable rate of death or/and myocardial infarction (6,5%) in a group of relatively high risk pts. High rate of angina recurrences during rather long hospital stay reflected absence of invasive treatment.

[Implantation of an ultrasonic indicator into the pudendal artery to study the blood flow volume in the cow mammary gland]. / Implantatsiia ul'trazvukovogo datchika na naruzhnuiu sramnuiu arteriiu dlia prizhiznennogo opredeleniia ob''emnogo krovotoka vymeni u korov.

The cow mammary gland blood flow was found to equal 601.8 litres per a litre of milk at a daily yield 5 litres, whereas at a decreased daily yield (3.7 l/day) the blood flow was equal 452 litres per every litre of milk.

[The conservative treatment of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children]. / Shchadiashchee lechenie ostrogo gematogennogo osteomielita u detei.

Radioisotopes were used to study the water spaces of the bone and bone marrow in 47 dogs with a created model of acute osteomyelitis. By the 3rd-5th day of experimental osteomyelitis sharp hyperhydration of the bone marrow and bone proper was revealed which was caused by a 2.5-2.8-fold increase of the volume of intercellular fluid in the zone of the affection, leading to circulatory disorders and necrosis. Dehydration of the tissues is accomplished by inflicting numerous percutaneous osteoperforations (NPO) with Kirschner's wire. The osteoperforations are made not at random but in a regular manner through both walls of the bone in two interperpendicular planes. Circulation in the zone of the affection is restored in this case and osteonecrosis in prevented. Conservative methods of treatment of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis were developed according to the stage of its development and were applied in 168 patients whose ages ranged from 20 days to 14 years; in 75% of patients who were admitted in the early stages of AHO the disease took and abrupt course. In patients with neglected forms of AHO three-fourfold infliction of NPO in the subacute stage produced a stimulating effect on reparative regeneration in the zones of osteonecrosis and the forming sequestra.

[Intensive therapy in high fever in young children at the prehospital stage]. / Intensivnaia terapiia pri vysokoi likhoradke u detei rannego vozrasta na dogospital'nom étape.

It has been shown that in the most severe cases of high fever children with encephalopathy and epileptic syndrome should be treated with droperidol. The clinical signs of circulation centralization in such cases are as follows: marble skin, disturbed consciousness, elevated BP, increased difference between rectal and axillary temperature. High fever was more favourable in children without concomitant diseases and with moderately expressed signs of circulation centralization (pale skin and cool extremities).