Prevalence of labrum and articular cartilage injuries of the hip on 3T magnetic resonance imaging of asymptomatic elite soccer players. / Prevalencia de lesiones del labrum y del cartílago articular de la cadera en imagen por resonancia magnética simple 3 T de futbolistas profesionales asintomáticos.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of lesions of the labrum and articular cartilage of the hip in asymptomatic elite soccer players by performing 3T magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: Eighty-four asymptomatic hips of 42 professional soccer players were evaluated. Male subjects older than 18 years were included. Cam and pincer deformity were defined as an alpha angle greater than 55 degrees and a lateral centre edge angle greater than 39 degrees, respectively. Labral injuries were classified with the Czerny classification and cartilage damage was classified with the Outerbridge classification. Specific statistical tests were used to establish the relationship between anatomical variances of the hip and the presence of chondral and labral injuries. RESULTS: FAI morphology prevalence was 25%. Abnormalities such as cam (22.5%) and labral injuries (33.8%) were found. Those cases with reported labral injury were predominantly intrasubstance damage (18.8%). Anatomical features of FAI were found to be related to lesions of the femoral cartilage (P<.001), chondrolabral damage (P=.042), or both injuries (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic labral or cartilaginous injuries of the hip were reported in 25% of the included professional soccer players. These injuries were associated with anatomical features of FAI.

[Rehabilitation of hip fractures. Systematic review]. / Rehabilitación de las fracturas de cadera. Revisión sistemática.

INTRODUCTION: Hip fractures are considered among one of the most disabling injuries in patients older than 60 years of age. This fractures are associated with a high incidence of mortality and it is the leading cause of hospital admission that requires surgical treatment in Orthopaedic Trauma Centers. METHODS: This systematic review aimed to group, classify and report the best level of evidence of physical therapy and rehabilitation of patients that have been treated with osteostynthesis after trochanteric or subtrochanteric fracture. The outcomes of efficacy and safety were return to activities of daily living, independence and rate of complications. RESULTS: We identified 3,889 abstracts from PubMed, and 1,567 abstracts from other sources, after eliminating duplicates, and posterior to a thorough screening 378 abstracts were read. From these, 316 abstracts were excluded, and 62 articles were considered eligible. After reading for relevant outcomes 41 articles were excluded. Synthesis was based in 21 studies. CONCLUSIONS: Long term results of specialized physical therapy, appear to be crucial in the first months after surgery, and not that important after the four months after surgery. Recent literature supports that the differences of daily activities and independence of the patients that survive a hip fracture tend to be similar with no difference in the type of physical therapy.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las fracturas de cadera se consideran entre las lesiones incapacitantes más comunes en mayores de 60 años. Se asocian a un alto índice de mortalidad y es la causa más frecuente de internamiento que requiere tratamiento quirúrgico en unidades médicas dedicadas a la traumatología. MÉTODOS: Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo agrupar, clasificar y reportar el mejor nivel de evidencia en el manejo de terapia física y rehabilitación en los pacientes con fractura pertrocantérica y subtrocantérica de cadera después de la cirugía de osteosíntesis en desenlaces de actividades de la vida diaria, independencia y complicaciones. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 3,389 resúmenes y a través de otras fuentes 1,567 resúmenes, se eliminaron duplicados en la búsqueda y posterior a un cribado se obtuvieron 378 artículos para la eliminación adicional. De los 62 ensayos restantes se incluyeron 21 y 41 fueron excluidos. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados a largo plazo de la terapia física especializada parecen ser cruciales en los primeros meses y no tan importantes al cabo de cuatro meses. La literatura actual sostiene que las diferencias en las capacidades de la vida diaria e independencia de los pacientes que sobreviven, el tratamiento de una fractura de cadera tiende a ser similar independientemente del programa de rehabilitación que se tenga.

Rehabilitación de las fracturas de cadera. Revisión sistemática / Rehabilitation of hip fractures. Systematic review

Resumen: Introducción: Las fracturas de cadera se consideran entre las lesiones incapacitantes más comunes en mayores de 60 años. Se asocian a un alto índice de mortalidad y es la causa más frecuente de internamiento que requiere tratamiento quirúrgico en unidades médicas dedicadas a la traumatología. Métodos: Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo agrupar, clasificar y reportar el mejor nivel de evidencia en el manejo de terapia física y rehabilitación en los pacientes con fractura pertrocantérica y subtrocantérica de cadera después de la cirugía de osteosíntesis en desenlaces de actividades de la vida diaria, independencia y complicaciones. Resultados: Se identificaron 3,389 resúmenes y a través de otras fuentes 1,567 resúmenes, se eliminaron duplicados en la búsqueda y posterior a un cribado se obtuvieron 378 artículos para la eliminación adicional. De los 62 ensayos restantes se incluyeron 21 y 41 fueron excluidos. Conclusiones: Los resultados a largo plazo de la terapia física especializada parecen ser cruciales en los primeros meses y no tan importantes al cabo de cuatro meses. La literatura actual sostiene que las diferencias en las capacidades de la vida diaria e independencia de los pacientes que sobreviven, el tratamiento de una fractura de cadera tiende a ser similar independientemente del programa de rehabilitación que se tenga.

Abstract: Introduction: Hip fractures are considered among one of the most disabling injuries in patients older than 60 years of age. This fractures are associated with a high incidence of mortality and it is the leading cause of hospital admission that requires surgical treatment in Orthopaedic Trauma Centers. Methods: This systematic review aimed to group, classify and report the best level of evidence of physical therapy and rehabilitation of patients that have been treated with osteostynthesis after trochanteric or subtrochanteric fracture. The outcomes of efficacy and safety were return to activities of daily living, independence and rate of complications. Results: We identified 3,889 abstracts from PubMed, and 1,567 abstracts from other sources, after eliminating duplicates, and posterior to a thorough screening 378 abstracts were read. From these, 316 abstracts were excluded, and 62 articles were considered eligible. After reading for relevant outcomes 41 articles were excluded. Synthesis was based in 21 studies. Conclusions: Long term results of specialized physical therapy, appear to be crucial in the first months after surgery, and not that important after the four months after surgery. Recent literature supports that the differences of daily activities and independence of the patients that survive a hip fracture tend to be similar with no difference in the type of physical therapy.

Factores asociados al fracaso terapéutico de la cirugía artroscópica en pacientes con choque femoroacetabular: un estudio de cohorte / Factors associated with the failure of arthroscopic surgery treatment in patients with femoroacetabular impingement: A cohort study

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre las características anatómicas y funcionales y el fracaso terapéutico de la cirugía artroscópica en pacientes con choque femoroacetabular (CFA). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte que incluyó a 179 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de CFA sometidos a artroscopia de cadera entre 2004 y 2012. Se obtuvo información demográfica, clínica, anatómica y funcional para determinar si ocurrió fracaso del tratamiento. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística y un análisis de covarianza para comparar las características anatómicas y funcionales con el resultado del tratamiento artroscópico. Resultados: La mediana del tiempo de evolución de los síntomas fue de 13 meses (8-30) y el tiempo de evolución posquirúrgico fue en promedio de 23,83 ± 9,8 meses. El 3,91% presentaron fracaso del tratamiento. La puntuación en la escala de WOMAC en el dominio de dolor y capacidad funcional, así como su puntuación global, mostraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05). La media de la puntuación de WOMAC total también fue mayor (0 a 100, siendo 0 una puntuación perfecta) en el grupo de fracaso en comparación con el grupo de éxito del tratamiento, 65,9 vs. 48,8, respectivamente (diferencia de 17,0; IC del 95%, 1,3-32,6; p = 0,033). Conclusión: El pobre estado funcional previo al tratamiento artroscópico del CFA principalmente en la esfera de dolor preoperatorio, evaluado mediante la escala WOMAC, se asocia a mayor índice de fracaso terapéutico (AU)

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the anatomical and functional characteristics with therapeutic failure in patients with femoroacetabular impingement, who underwent hip arthroscopy. Materials and methods: A cohort study was performed on 179 patients with femoroacetabular impingement who underwent hip arthroscopy between 2004 and 2012. The demographic, anatomical, functional, and clinical information were recorded. A logistic regression model and ANCOVA were used in order to compare the described characteristics with the treatment outcomes of the hip arthroscopy. Results: The median time of follow-up for symptoms was 13 months (8-30), and the mean time of follow-up after surgery was 23.83 ± 9.8 months. At the end of the follow-up 3.91% of the patients were considered as a therapeutic failure. The WOMAC score in pain and functional branches, as well as the total WOMAC score, showed significant differences (P<.05). The mean WOMAC score was higher (0 to 100 with 0 being a perfect score) in the group of patients who failed after surgery as compared with the group who meet the requirements for a successful treatment, 65.9 vs 48.8, respectively (mean difference 17.0; 95% CI; 1.3-32.6; P=.033). Conclusion: The poor functional state prior to arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement, mainly due to preoperative pain, assessed using the WOMAC scale, is associated with a higher therapeutic failure rate (AU)

Factors associated with the failure of arthroscopic surgery treatment in patients with femoroacetabular impingement: A cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the anatomical and functional characteristics with therapeutic failure in patients with femoroacetabular impingement, who underwent hip arthroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort study was performed on 179 patients with femoroacetabular impingement who underwent hip arthroscopy between 2004 and 2012. The demographic, anatomical, functional, and clinical information were recorded. A logistic regression model and ANCOVA were used in order to compare the described characteristics with the treatment outcomes of the hip arthroscopy. RESULTS: The median time of follow-up for symptoms was 13 months (8-30), and the mean time of follow-up after surgery was 23.83 ± 9.8 months. At the end of the follow-up 3.91% of the patients were considered as a therapeutic failure. The WOMAC score in pain and functional branches, as well as the total WOMAC score, showed significant differences (P<.05). The mean WOMAC score was higher (0 to 100 with 0 being a perfect score) in the group of patients who failed after surgery as compared with the group who meet the requirements for a successful treatment, 65.9 vs 48.8, respectively (mean difference 17.0; 95% CI; 1.3-32.6; P=.033). CONCLUSION: The poor functional state prior to arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement, mainly due to preoperative pain, assessed using the WOMAC scale, is associated with a higher therapeutic failure rate.

First Report of Orange Rust of Sugarcane Caused by Puccinia kuehnii in Mexico, El Salvador, and Panama.

Symptoms of sugarcane orange rust were observed on July 17, 2008 on sugarcane cvs. Mex 57-1285, Mex 61-230, and Co 301 (a clone received in Mexico in 1953) at the Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de la Caña de Azúcar en Tuxtla Chico, Chiapas, Mexico. In El Salvador, from August 2008 through January 2009, rust symptoms were observed on cv. CP 72-2086 (previously resistant to brown rust caused by Puccinia melanocephala Syd. & P. Syd.) in 117 dispersed sugarcane-production fields in various localities of El Salvador. Likewise, rust symptoms were first observed on sugarcane cv. SP 74-8355 (more than 25% severity and considered resistant to brown rust) at Natá, Coclé Province in Panama from January to February 2008. Dried herbarium leaf samples of sugarcane rust-infected leaves collected in El Salvador and Mexico were sent to the ARS, USDA Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory in Beltsville MD for identification. Panamanian samples were collected similarly and analyzed at the CALESA Biotechnology Laboratory. Morphological features of uredinial lesions and urediniospores were distinct from those of P. melanocephala and consistent with P. kuehnii E. J. Butler observed previously on specimens from Florida, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua (1-3). Analysis of the ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 and 28S large subunit rDNA sequences of the rust on infected cvs. Mex 57-1285, Mex 61-230, and Co 301 (BPI 878930, 879139, and 879140; GenBank Accession Nos. GO283006, GO283004, and GO283005, respectively) from Mexico and cv. CP 72-2086 from three locations in El Salvador (BPI 879135, 879136, and 879137; GenBank Accession Nos. GO283009, GO283007, and GO283008, respectively) all confirmed the identification of P. kuehnii. Similar analysis of the ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 rDNA sequence for the rust infecting cv. SP 74-8355 (GenBank Accession No. GO281584) confirmed the identification of P. kuehnii in Panama. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. kuehnii causing orange rust disease of sugarcane in El Salvador, Mexico, and Panama. These findings also confirm the wider distribution of orange rust in the Western Hemisphere. References: (1) E. Chavarria et al. Plant Dis. 93:425, 2009. (2) J. C. Comstock et al. Plant Dis. 92:175, 2008. (3) W. Ovalle et al. Plant Dis. 92:973, 2008.

Simple disturbance of the dam in the neonatal period can alter haloperidol-induced catalepsy in the adult offspring.

Three experiments were performed to determine whether apparently minimal disturbances of dams and litters would influence haloperidol-induced akinesia. In Experiment I, Long-Evans hooded rats (a) were left unmanipulated, (b) received nestcage relocation and observation, (c) received nestcage relocation/observation and maternal separation, or (d) received nestcage relocation/observation and pup handling. The male adult offspring received open-field testing and later received forepaw-on-dowel catalepsy testing following saline, morphine (20 mg/kg), or haloperidol (2 mg/kg). In Experiment II, hooded rats received (a) no manipulation, (b) nestcage relocation, (c) maternal separation, or (d) pup handling. At weaning, dams were tested in the open-field. Activity wheel locomotion of the offspring was assessed following saline or haloperidol for 3 days/week for 3 weeks; then, 5 and 7 days later, rats received haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) and catalepsy testing. In both experiments, manipulations involving the dam reduced the offsprings' haloperidol-induced catalepsy, but, in Experiment II, a history of haloperidol administration distinguished between the effects of nestcage relocation and maternal separation. In Experiment III, Swiss albino mice received (a) no treatment, (b) nestcage relocation and maternal separation, (c) relocation/separation and mild cold stress of pups, (d) relocation/separation and pup handling, or (e) relocation/separation and severe cold stress of pups. Adult male mice received saline or haloperidol (2.5 mg/kg) and inclined grid catalepsy testing. Mice receiving relocation/separation and mice receiving relocation/separation and severe cold stress showed enhanced catalepsy versus control mice. Thus, it was concluded that seemingly innocuous events in infancy can influence the intensity of extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptics in adulthood.

Social factors influence haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rat.

This study employed manipulations which presumably influence social interactions in rats: (1) paired housing with a heavier conspecific and (2) exposure to the odors of other rats. The dependent variable was the akinetic state induced by haloperidol, a neuroleptic and dopamine antagonist. In Experiment 1, adult male Long-Evans hooded rats were matched by weight and caged alone or in pairs with one rat 30 g heavier than its cagemate. All rats received haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg) and catalepsy testing. Heavy rats showed more catalepsy than the lighter member of pairs or weight-matched, singly housed controls. In Experiment 2, adult male rats were left unrecaged or were recaged into cages with bedding recently soiled by females or other adult males. After haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg), the rats exposed to bedding soiled by other adult males showed more catalepsy than did the control groups. Thus, the results of both experiments indicated that social factors can influence the akinesia induced by dopamine antagonists.